ICongress yasePeru elawulwa kwesokudla ivimbe isiphakamiso sesithathu sokuletha ukhetho lukazwelonke ngoFebhuwari 2, naphezu kokuthi umongameli we-de facto u-Dina Boluarte - ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlubuka ezweni lonke - ecela ukuba kube nokhetho kulo nyaka. Yona le Congress yafaka uBoluarte njengomongameli ngoDisemba 7, ngemuva kokuthi amalungu ePhalamende ebeke esikhundleni umongameli okhethiwe uPedro Castillo isinyathelo abaningi esichazwa ngokuthi "ukuketulwa kwezomthetho".
Njengoba imibhikisho iqhubeka nokungqubuzana kweqhwa kanye neCongress ivimba isinyathelo sikaBoluarte, umbuzo obuzwayo ngothi kungani engazange asule? NgokukaJorge Escalante, umholi weqembu elingakwesokunxele i-Nuevo Perú (eNew Peru) kanye no-Súmate (Join Us), ukuthambekela kwenguquko yezenhlalakahle ngaphakathi kwayo, kuhlobene nesivumelwano uBoluarte esisayinwe nelungelo lokuthatha isikhundla sikamongameli.
Isivumelwano sika-Boluarte nesokudla
Echaza ngokuphakama kukaBoluarte emandleni, u-Escalante waphawula ukuthi kusukela osukwini lokuqala lukaCastillo ehhovisi “ilungelo alikaze libubone ubumongameli bukaCastillo futhi empeleni lalwa impi ukuze limbeke icala. Lonke lolu hlelo lwenzeka phakathi nonyaka nezinyanga eziyisikhombisa ephethe, lapho kube nemizamo emibili engaphumelelanga yokususa icala, kwaze kwaba umzamo wesithathu ngoDisemba 7 waphumelela.
Ebuzwa ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, u-Escalante uthe: “Eqinisweni, uCastillo useqale ukushintshela kwesokudla ngokuqoka iKhabhinethi ye-neoliberal, washiya uhlelo lwakhe lokhetho futhi waziqhelelanisa nesizinda sakhe. Uphinde wafuna ukuxoxisana nelungelo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwakhe lwalungamele noma iyiphi ingozi ezithakazelweni zezomnotho zamabhizinisi amakhulu. Nokho ilungelo belihlose ukumsusa. Kungani?
“Inkinga ukuthi ilungelo lokuphendula lizohlala liza ngokuningi. Ngenxa yokucwasa nokucwasa ngokwezigaba, abakwazanga ukubekezelela njengomongameli uthisha wasemakhaya okhuluma isiQuechua [ulimi lwendabuko] futhi ogqoka Sombrero [isigqoko sotshani esihlobene nezwe]. Ngenkathi uCastillo ethatha izintambo okokuqala, iCongress yayihloselwe ukunikeza ivoti lokuzethemba kwabaqokwe kwikhabhinethi yakhe. Ngenkathi undunankulu wakhe eqala ukukhuluma ngesiQuechua, amaphalamende ophiko lwesokudla aqala ukushaya ikhwela: awakwazanga nokwamukela iLungu lePhalamende elibonisa isiko lethu, yindlela ilungelo elinokucwasa ngokwebala nokuhlukanisa ngayo ngokwezigaba.
“Ilungelo lasizwa [emkhankasweni wabo wokugxeka uCastillo] ngokuthi uCastillo wathatha isinyathelo esiwumbudane sokuvala iCongress ngalo lolo suku okwakuzodingidwa ngalo ukuqulwa kwakhe icala - isinqumo wasithatha eyedwa, namalungu iKhabhinethi yakhe iveze ukuthi abanalo ulwazi ngalolu hlelo. Ilungelo alizange libe nawo amavoti okumbeka icala, kodwa ngemuva kokwenza uCastillo, yonke iCongress ivotele ukuhambisana nokuthweswa icala futhi esikhundleni sakhe kwafaka isekela lakhe likamongameli, uBoluarte.
Mayelana neqhaza likaBoluarte, u-Escalante uthe "ufunge ukwethembeka kuCastillo, ethi uzosula uma eke wabekwa icala. Kodwa cishe isonto ngaphambi kokuthweswa icala, wahlukana noCastillo, futhi wenza isivumelwano nelungelo. U-Boluarte ubebhekene nesikhalo somthethosisekelo esifakwe yilungelo. Isivumelwano sasiwukuthi: 'Sisihoxisa isikhalazo futhi ngokubuyisela esikhundleni sikaCastillo, kodwa sizolawula isimo'. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Boluarte yaba i-figurehead, i-Trojan Horse yangakwesokudla. Yingakho evunyelwe ukuthatha isikhundla sikamongameli.
"Ngemuva kokushona kokuqala, uBoluarte wazama ukwesula, kodwa ilungelo lamenqabela ukuthi esule lithi: 'Uma wesula, isikhalazo ngawe sizovuka futhi uzobhadla ejele'. Ngakho bambambele. UKhongolose awufuni ukuthi asule esikhundleni, ngoba noKhongolose nawo uzowa. Esikhundleni salokho, bafuna ukumgcina lapho futhi bathole okungenani izinjongo ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukwehlula okungokomlando kwezinhlangano zomphakathi futhi baphinde balawule umbuso ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzobavumela ukuthi bajulise imodeli yabo ye-neoliberal futhi baqinisekise ukuqhubeka komthethosisekelo wamanje, okuwumthethosisekelo owenziwe ngaphansi kobushiqela ukuze kuzuze osomabhizinisi abakhulu.
“Umcabango oqondile wokuthi ngalo mnyakazo banqobile. Bacabanga ukuthi insimu yayicacile kubo ukuthi baqhubekele phambili nomsebenzi wabo, ngoba kuze kube yileso sikhathi, bekungakaze kube khona umhlangano omkhulu wokusekela uCastillo. Ngaphambi komhla ziyisi-7 kuZibandlela (December) kwaba neziqubulo neziteleka ezithi uCastillo afeze izethembiso zakhe. Kwaba nokunganeliseki okukhulayo, kodwa kwakungekho mnyakazo onamandla.”
Kusukela ekubhikisheni kuya ekuvukeleni
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ethweswe icala, kwaqala imibhikisho eningizimu yePeru, lapho uCastillo athola khona ivoti lakhe elinamandla okhethweni lwango-Ephreli 2021. “Iningizimu ibilokhu igqame ngemizabalazo eqinile. Kusukela lapho, uhlelo lwemibhikisho lwakhula futhi lwashintsha lwaba iziteleka, kwaqala ukugqugquzelwa okuqinile emadolobheni lapho bekungakaze kube khona ukugqugquzelwa.”
Ababhikishi basheshe bahlanganisa izimfuno ezine: “Boluarte out”, “Vala iCongress”, ukuze kube nokhetho lwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nomhlangano wobumbano ukuze ubhale kabusha umthethosisekelo. “Mayelana nesigungu somkhandlu, sibona kuyiyona ndlela kuphela yentando yabantu yokuphuma kule nkinga. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi u-70% wabantu bayasibona isidingo sokuvotela inhlolovo mayelana nomthethosisekelo omusha, okuzonqunywa indlela yokuthi umhlangano uzosebenza kanjani. Kuzodingeka silwe ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi iyavulwa ukuze ifake izinyunyana, izinhlangano zabesifazane, intsha, abomdabu, labo ngokuhlangene bangaqhamuka nesiphakamiso somthethosisekelo omusha,” kusho u-Escalante. Mayelana nokubuyela kukaCastillo emandleni, u-Escalante wachaza ukuthi nakuba “kusekhona umkhakha osethemba uCastillo futhi ofuna abuyiselwe njengomongameli, bayidlanzana phakathi kwenhlangano yababhikishi, njengoba abaningi abavotele uCastillo belahlekelwe ukholo kuye. ”.
Esinye izimbangela zokukhula nokubhebhetheka kwemibhikisho kube yingcindezelo eqiniswe ngamaphoyisa namabutho ahlomile, osekushiye abantu abangaphezu kuka-60 beshonile kwalimala amakhulu. Naphezu kwengxabano phakathi namaholide ngemva kombhikisho omkhulu eLima ngoDisemba 23, ababhikishi batheleka emigwaqweni ngamanani amakhulu nakwezinye izifundazwe ngo-January 4. Kodwa inguquko ebalulekile yenzeka “ngoJanuwari 9, eJuliaca, idolobha Isifunda sasePuno, lapho abafowethu nodadewethu abangu-18 babulawa yingcindezelo. Lesi sibhicongo saholela ekushintsheni kwesimo. Ukufa okuyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngosuku olulodwa kwakungaphezu kokuba abantu bakuthathe. Umphumela waba ukuthi iNingizimu yayisivutha nakakhulu, futhi iLima, okuyidolobha elilandela imithetho, yaqala ukubona imibhikisho emikhulu yokwenqaba lesi sibhicongo. Izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu, ongoti, odokotela, abameli baqala ukukhuluma bethi abaphenywe ngokufa kwalaba bantu futhi bajeziswe. Ukusabela kukahulumeni kube yingcindezelo eyengeziwe. "
Imibhikisho ifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngesiteleka sangoJanuwari 19 ezweni lonke, kulokho okwabizwa ngokuthi "uMashi Wezizwe Ezine", kubhekiselwa kumashi yegama elifanayo eyayenzeka ngoJulayi 2000 ngokumelene no-Alberto Fujimori, owamenyezelwa njengomongameli ngenkohliso. ngalowo nyaka. “Ngokuhambisana nokugqugquzelwa ezifundazweni, abantu beza bevela nhlangothi zonke beza eLima. Abaningi babo banquma ukuhlala, amanyuvesi abavulela izikhala zokuhlala. NgoJanuwari 21, amaphoyisa asebenzisa amathangi ukuhlasela eNyuvesi yaseSan Marcos abopha abantu abangaphezu kuka-200. Nakuba imibhikisho, kanye nokwesekwa kwamanyuvesi akwamanye amazwe, kuholele ekukhululweni kwabo ngakusasa, lezi zigcawu zamane zavusa intukuthelo eyengeziwe.
“Ubukhulu bemibhikisho manje sebudlule kakhulu amandla okugqugquzela abanxele nezinyunyana. Lokhu okukhombisayo ukuthi uhlelo lokuzihlanganisa seluqalile ezweni lonke.” Kodwa inselelo inhlangano ebhekene nayo, ngokusho kwe-Escalante, ukuthi “abukho ubuholi obuhlangene ezingeni likazwelonke, futhi ezifundeni ezahlukene, kunezinhlaka ezihlukene ezihlangene, ezinye izifundazwe zinezigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu ezahlukene. Kunomhlangano obumbene ezingeni likazwelonke, iNational Assembly of the Peoples (ANP), eyandulela lezi zinhlangano futhi ihlanganisa nomfelandawonye wezinyunyana ezinkulu, i-CGTP [General Confederation of Peruvian Workers], kanye namaqoqo abesifazane, amaqembu entsha. futhi washiya amaqembu. Kodwa ayithwali isisindo esiningi ezinhlakeni zomphakathi. Ngokufana ne-CGTP ngokwayo - engasenaso isisindo somphakathi esifanayo kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa njengoba yayike yenza - ithonya le-ANP kwezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi lilinganiselwe. Abaningi ababoni igunya layo, nakuba uma isinqumo sithathwa yi-ANP sokuteleka ngosuku oluthile, amaqembu amaningi avuma ukubamba iqhaza. Nakuba ngezikhathi ezithile kuba umhlangano lapho sidingida khona ipolitiki, ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye indawo yokuxhumanisa imibhikisho nezenzo. Sibizwe kanje isiteleka sikazwelonke ngoJanuwari 19.
“Thina, njengeNuevo Perú, siyingxenye ye-ANP nobuholi bayo. Amakomiti ethu ezifundazwe aziphonse emsebenzini wokwakha izinhlangano nokuzama ukuqinisa umzabalazo. Siphonse yonke into kulolu hlelo. Sifune ukuhlanganisa wonke umuntu ovela ezifundazweni eziseLima ukuze abe yingxenye ye-ANP futhi sibone ukuthi singawuhlanganisa yini umzabalazo. Kodwa lokhu kunzima kakhulu, ngoba abaningi abayibheki i-ANP njengohlobo lobuholi. Kudingeka siqhubeke nokuthuthuka emazingeni ethu okusebenzisana nokuhlela. Okubalulekile, kube khona ucingo lokuthi amaqembu engeziwe avela ezifundeni abambe iqhaza ku-ANP futhi inombolo isanda kufika emhlanganweni - isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili ngoba kuyadingeka ukuba nenhlangano eyengeziwe. "
“Okwamanje, lolu hlelo lusaqhubeka lusebenza. NgoJanuwari 24, kwaba nomhlangano omkhulu wokuhlanganisa abantu eLima, abantu abaningi beza bevela ezifundazweni. I-Nuevo Perú ukuphela kweqembu elivule ikomkhulu lalo ukuze linikeze indawo yokuhlala kumaqabane aqhamuka ngaphakathi. Ezinye izinhlangano azikwenzanga lokhu, zithi njengoba uBoluarte ememezele isimo esiphuthumayo eLima, amaphoyisa manje angagasela amahhovisi eqembu noma izinyunyana futhi aphuce izinhlangano iziqinisekiso zawo zomthethosisekelo. Leyo yingxabano izinyunyana namanye amaqembu asele ezinike ngokungawavula amahhovisi azo ezinkulungwaneni ezize eLima. Ngokuphambene nalokho, sinikeze ikomkhulu lethu futhi sanikeza izishoshovu ezifundazweni ukudla kwasemini okulinganiselwa ku-1500 kanye nesidlo sasekuseni ngosuku.”
Izingxabano kuhulumeni
Imibhikisho ibe nomthelela osobala kuhulumeni: “UBoluarte uphume ngemuva kwesiteleka sangoJanuwari 19 wathi ngeke asule, egxeka ababhikishi njengabashokobezi. Kodwa isiteleka saba nomthelela omkhulu kuhulumeni wakhe. Esinakho manje ePeru empeleni uhulumeni wezempi wezempi, lapho abaphathi, amandla okwahlulela, amabutho ahlomile kanye nezinhlaka zengqungquthela zisebenza njenge-bloc futhi zincike ekusekelweni kwamabutho ahlomile namaphoyisa ukuze hlala emandleni.”
“Kodwa imifantu iyavuleka. Okokuqala, phakathi kwezikhulu zakhe zikahulumeni nezepolitiki. Kakade ongqongqoshe bakhe ababili sebesulile futhi bacela uBoluarte ukuthi enze okufanayo, futhi ummeli-jikelele ofanayo owayenesandla ekubekweni icala kukaCastillo manje usevule uphenyo olubhekiswe kuBoluarte ngokubulawa kwabantu. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi u-Boluarte ngeke aboshwe, konke lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kwemifantu okwenzekayo, njengoba abaningi beqala ukuhogela igazi futhi abafuni ukusondela eBoluarte lapho ewa. Okwesibili, sibona ukuthi amakilasi aphakathi, aqale ukweseka uBoluarte, aseqalile ukuziqhelelanisa naye kulandela ukubulawa kwabantu eJuliaca. Usuku nosuku, u-Boluarte uya ngokuya eyedwa, futhi ukwesekwa kwakhe okuwukuphela kwakhe kungamaphoyisa, amasosha kanye nelungelo lokuphendula kuCongress. Ngisho nephephandaba elikhulu lansuku zonke, El Comercio, isiqalile ukushintsha umugqa wayo wokuhlela. Manje isekela ngokusobala i-Boluarte futhi imsole ngokuzama ukucisha umlilo ezweni ngokuphonsa uphethiloli owengeziwe kuwo; isiqala ukugxeka uhulumeni.
“Sikholwa wukuthi lo hulumeni uzowa. Kungase kuthathe isikhathi esithe xaxa, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi lapho uFujimori ewa ngo-2000, izwe lonke lahlangana e-Lima ngoJulayi” — “uMashi Wokuqala Wezizwe Ezine” — ukuze asule kuphela ngoNovemba. Ngethemba ukuthi uBoluarte uzowa maduze. "
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