EYurophu yonkana, imibhikisho ibilokhu ikhula ngokukhuphuka kwentengo yegesi, ngaphandle kweJalimane. Osopolitiki bafuna ukusola impi kaMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin e-Ukraine - noma, ngenye indlela, unswinyo olubekwe yiYurophu - ngalesi simo.
Kodwa ingabe lokhu kunjalo? Izazi zezomnotho kufanele zibhekane kanjani nezindaba ezihlobene nesimo sezulu, impi, amanani entengo yegesi kanye nobumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe?
Okuluhlaza Kwesobunxele Federico Fuentes waxoxa ngalezi zinkinga UChristian Zeller, uprofesa wejografi yezomnotho kanye nelungu lebhodi labahleli kujenali yolimi lwesiJalimane, ukukhululwa - Ijenali ye-Ecosocialist Strategy. UZeller naye ungumbhali we I-Climate Revolution: Kungani sidinga enye indlela ye-ecosocialist (kutholakala ngesiJalimane).
Okokuqala, babubaluleke kangakanani ubuhlobo begesi phakathi kweJalimane neRussia?
Kusukela ngo-1973, lapho iNtshonalanga neMpumalanga Jalimane iqala ukungenisa igesi yemvelo evela eRussia, ukubaluleka kwegesi yemvelo yaseRussia eJalimane kuye kwakhula ngokuqhubekayo. Ngo-2020, ibimele cishe u-54-55% wegesi yemvelo esetshenziswa eJalimane.
Ezingxenyeni ezithile zezimboni zaseJalimane, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwegesi yemvelo eshibhile evela eRussia kwakuyinhloso yamasu, njengoba kwakubalulekile ekuqhudelaneni kwezimakethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iJalimane yayibalulekile eRussia, njengomthengi wayo omkhulu wegesi.
Kulokhu singakwazi ukwengeza amapayipi e-Nord Stream 1 kanye ne-Nord Stream 2, lawo akamuva abezovumela i-Germany ukuthi ibe uhlobo lwehabhu yegesi yokusabalalisa igesi yaseRussia phakathi kwe-Europe. Okubalulekile, amapayipi e-Nord Stream adlula e-Ukraine, lapho ipayipi elivamile laseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga lokuthutha igesi lalikhona.
Kepha lo mbono othathe amashumi eminyaka uphelile ngenxa yempi - okungenani okwamanje.
Ingabe lokhu kuqubuka kobudlelwano, kanye nezijeziso zaseRussia, kuchaza ukuthi kungani amanani egesi ekhuphuka?
Osopolitiki abaningi namaqembu angakwesokudla, njenge-AfD [Alternative for Germany], bathi ukukhuphuka kwentengo yegesi kungenxa yenswinyo. Ngokweqile, lokho akulona iqiniso: amanani ayevele ekhuphuka ngaphambi kwempi. Impi iyisici esinomthelela, kodwa yilokho kuphela.
Ngingaphikisa isizathu esibalulekile sokukhuphuka kwamanani inkinga yoguquko lwamandla iJalimane ebhekene nayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani zikaphethiloli wezinsalela ziqaphele kakhulu ukutshala imali, zinikezwe ukukhathazeka ngamathemba esikhathi esizayo ngenxa yoguquko lwamandla [akude nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi].
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani zamandla avuselelekayo azitshali imali ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibuso ayitshali imali eyanele ekushintsheni kwamandla. Lokhu kushoda sekukonke kokutshalwa kwezimali kudale ukushoda, ngesikhathi lapho isidingo silokhu sikhuphuka. Lezi yizizathu ezibalulekile zokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo.
Kubalulekile ukwengeza ukuthi kwakunguPutin owavala ukulethwa kwegesi eYurophu, hhayi eJalimane noma kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kwakukhona ukuhamba njalo kwemali yaseJalimane eya eRussia kuze kube yilapho uPutin emisa ukuhamba kwegesi.
Kungani uPutin ethathe lesi sinyathelo? Wayelindele ukuthi angaba nomthelela engxoxweni yezombangazwe eJalimane naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kodwa akusebenzanga ngendlela ayethemba ngayo, ngoba abantu abaningi bazizwa benobunye ne-Ukraine.
Konke lokhu kube nomthelela kanjani esimweni seJalimane ngakuPutin kanye nempi? Ingabe kunjalo ukuthi iJalimane isanda kulandela i-United States?
Ngokombono onamasu amaningi, esikhundleni sokuphishekela inqubomgomo enolaka ebheke eRussia, amaqembu amakhulu onxiwankulu baseJalimane ngokwesiko akhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle ukuze anqobe ngokuthula imakethe yaseRussia.
Ngisho nangemva kokuthathwa [kukaPutin] kweCrimea, ubudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bobabili bahlala buqinile. Mayelana nokuthengiswa kwezikhali, ubuhlobo phakathi kweJalimane neRussia babunamandla kunabo obuphakathi kweJalimane ne-Ukraine.
Isigaba sonxiwankulu baseJalimane sasifuna lobu budlelwano buqhubeke. Kodwa impi ibonise ukuthi uPutin unephrojekthi yakhe.
Okungalindelwe nguPutin - noma iJalimane noma i-United States - kwakuyizinga lokumelana esikubonile kubantu base-Ukraine kule phrojekthi.
Lokhu kuphoqe wonke umuntu ukuthi alungise kabusha izindawo zakhe. I-Germany manje incike kweminye imithombo yamandla, efana ne-LNG [igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi] evela e-US kodwa nakweminye imithombo.
Kodwa angibuboni ubufakazi bokuthi bazithobe ezithakazelweni zase-US; baqhubeka benezithakazelo zabo.
Ngakho-ke ingabe iJalimane iphishekela umugqa ohlukile oya e-US kule mpi?
Ngaphakathi kwesigaba esibusayo saseJalimane, kunemizwa ehlukene, ayifani. Kodwa isikhundla esikholeka kakhulu wukuthi bafuna le mpi isheshe iphele.
Kwakukhona izitatimende zomphakathi ngoJuni, lapho isimo sasinzima kakhulu e-Ukraine, kusukela ezinhloko zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe njengeVolkswagen ne-BASF, bephikisana necala lokuphuma empini, futhi bethi iJalimane kufanele icabangele ukuthi ingasungula kanjani kabusha. ubudlelwano obusha neRussia.
Manje, isimo sesinzima kakhulu kubo [ukuphikisana naleli cala], futhi ngenxa yokumelana ne-Ukraine, esanda kuzuza.
Ngeke ngikushiye ngaphandle ithuba lokuthi amanye amaqembu esigaba sonxiwankulu baseJalimane abone impi njengethuba lokwenza buthaka umbuso waseRussia. Kodwa umgomo obaluleke kakhulu weningi labo ukuthola izindlela zokuvuselela ibhizinisi neRussia.
Amabutho alwela kwesokudla abehlela imibhikisho ephikisana nokukhuphuka kwentengo yegesi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Yini ongasitshela yona ngemibhikisho yaseJalimane?
Kube khona imibhikisho ehlelwe amandla ophiko lwesokudla olusabelayo, ikakhulukazi endaweni eyayiyi-East Germany. Lawa abemakhulu impela, izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu, futhi adlulele emadolobheni amancane, okuyinto emangalisayo.
Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe njengosongo lwangempela, ngoba la mabutho azama ukusebenzisa ukuqhuma kwentengo yegesi ukuze ahlele imibhikisho emikhulu futhi azifake kubantu.
Kuphinde kube nezinhlelo ezahlukene kwesokunxele.
Enye yazo ithathela igama layo esiqubulweni seNguquko YaseRussia esithi “Isinkwa, Umhlaba kanye Nenkululeko”, iphinde iliguqule ngokuthi “Ukushisa, Isinkwa Nenkululeko”. Kwaqalwa abantu abaseduze kwe [Die Linke (Kwesobunxele) iphalamende kanye nomholi weqembu elingakwesokudla] uSahra Wagenknecht.
Inenkundla yezokuxhumana emincane kakhulu enezidingo ezine, okuyinhloko okuwumkhawulo wezintengo zegesi.
Abakhulumela umkhankaso benze unswinyo olubhekiswe eRussia kwaba yinkinga enkulu emkhankasweni wabo, bephikisana nesidingo sezingxoxo zokuthula kanye nokwesula unswinyo. Empeleni baphikisana nomugqa we-pro-industry [ukuthi igesi yaseRussia ibalulekile embonini yaseJalimane] futhi ivikela isikhundla seRussia empini.
Uhlelo oluhlukile lwethulwe wushicilelo lwesiJalimane lwe Jacobin. Yamukele igama lomkhankaso wamaNgisi othi, Kwanele Kwanele, nakuba ngezinye izindlela wehluke kakhulu.
Inezidingo eziyisithupha ezilula: ama-euro angu-1000 wonke umuntu ebusika angawachitha ezimpahleni ezifudumele, njll; iholo liyakhuphuka; umkhawulo wentengo yegesi; isidingo esibanzi sokulawula okukhulu komphakathi ohlelweni lwamandla kagesi; ukwanda kwezintela zenkampani; kanye nokwengezwa kwethikithi lika-€9 elivumela uhambo lwesitimela lwesifunda olungenamkhawulo inyanga engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-9, ukumboza ihlobo.
Umkhankaso awusho lutho ngempi noma unswinyo. Izishoshovu ze-Die Linkke zithathe lo mkhankaso kwamanye amadolobha.
Olunye uhlelo, olubanzi kakhulu, seluqaliswe yizinyunyana ezinkulu zabasebenzi, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye ne-ATTAC, inhlangano ebigxeka ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
Ngokombono owodwa, inkundla yabo incane kakhulu: Ngokwesibonelo, bafuna u-€500, hhayi u-€1000. Kodwa, ngomunye umqondo, bahlanganisa kakhulu embonweni wabo. Lesi sinyathelo sikhuluma ngenhlekelele yemvelo, yingakho besekelwa [iqembu lesikole lesiteleka sesimo sezulu] Fridays for Future. Baphinde baveze, ngendlela evamile, ubumbano lwabo nabantu base-Ukraine.
Imizamo eyenziwa ngabanxele bendabuko ayinalo lolu hlangothi lwezemvelo, oluyinkinga. Kubonisa ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunyakaza kwesimo sezulu - ikakhulukazi abantu abasha abahola le nhlangano - kanye nobumbano nokumelana ne-Ukraine ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwesokunxele kwendabuko.
Nokho, ukuxhumana phakathi kwempi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubonakala kusobala kakhulu. Kufanele ibukeke kanjani impendulo ye-ecosocialist kulesi simo?
Umbono we-ecosocialist udinga ukuhlanganisa izici ezintathu ezihlobene.
Owokuqala ukuvikela umphakathi kubantu nokuvikela amaholo angempela. Yilokhu okugxilwe kuzo eziningi zalezi zinhlelo, okuhle. Kubalulekile ukufuna ukwenyuselwa amaholo. Kodwa kumele siphinde sifake nolunye uhlangothi olungavamisile ukukhulunywa ngalo, okumele lugxilwe kulo, okuwukunwetshwa kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi.
Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela abantu ngokuhlanganyela? Ngokuvikela nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yomphakathi: izindlu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa ngomqondo obanzi, izithuthi zomphakathi, imfundo. Ngokuvamile, sidinga amadolobha amabanga amafushane.
Umbono onjalo uqala ukuhlanganisa ubukhulu bemvelo, ngoba uma sithuthukisa ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye namandla emphakathini.
Isici sesibili umbuzo we-ecology. Ukuphuthuma kwesimo semvelo abakaqondwa ngokugcwele ngabanye abangakwesokunxele. Babhekana nombuzo wemvelo ngendlela ekha phezulu, njengokungathi kumane kuyisengezo: Uma isengezo sisebenza, kuhle; uma kungenjalo, noma kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, bavele bayilahle. Kodwa umbuzo wemvelo kufanele uhlanganiswe kukho konke esikwenzayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okokuqala, ukunqoba inkinga yokushintsha kwamandla ngokusheshisa ukuthutha ezintweni ezivuselelekayo, kunokuphishekela igesi yaseRussia njengoba kukhuthazwa amaqembu ezimboni kanye neSahra Wagenknecht.
Okwesibili, futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo, lokhu kusho ukwehla okukhulu kokusebenza kokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lokhu kudinga ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlakazwa kwezimboni ezithile.
Isici sesithathu ubumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngomqondo ojwayelekile, lokhu kusho ukunaka ukuthi amazwe angama-impiriyali anesikweletu esikhulu semvelo emhlabeni wonke. Ukwehliswa kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emazweni ethu kumele kwenzeke ngokushesha kakhulu kunakwezinye izindawo.
Ngomqondo ophathekayo, osheshayo, inhlangano kufanele izwakalise ubumbano lwayo nabantu base-Ukrainian abamelana nomsebenzi waseRussia. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbuso kaPutin uthembele kakhulu emalini engenayo evela embonini kaphethiloli.
Kudingeka sihlanganise lezi zinsika ezintathu. Ngeshwa, isinxele sendabuko sisanda kugxila ensikeni eyodwa - ezenhlalo - futhi ngombono omncane kakhulu. Kunjengokungathi bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi amandla angakwesokunxele abuthakathaka, sidinga ukubeka izimfuno ezilula - uhlobo lwe-social populism - sithemba ukuthi lokhu kuzohlanganisa abantu futhi kusize kwesokunxele ukunqoba ithonya ngokumelene kwesokudla.
Angiqiniseki ukuthi indlela enjalo izosebenza. Abantu abaningi babona ukuphuthuma ukubhekana nokukhuphuka kwamanani kagesi, kodwa futhi bayabona ukuthi lokhu akuyona inkinga elula ukuyixazulula. Bayaqonda ukuthi awukwazi ukukuxazulula ngokumane ubeke izilinganiso zentengo, ngoba lokho kusho ukuthi uhulumeni uxhasa izinkampani ngokukhokha umehluko.
Kungakho sidinga indlela ebanzi kakhulu efuna ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezinyathelo ezinqala zezemvelo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela