QAPHELA: Ngibuyekeze isigaba sesibili ukuze silunge kakhudlwana ku-Bachelet isikhundla sakhe sokujeziswa kwe-US sithuthuke (muva nje ngoSepthemba 25) - noma ngabe kuvela ku-a esabekayo indawo yokuqala).
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NgoSepthemba 15, abaphenyi be-UN bashicilela incwadi umbiko wamakhasi angama-411 mayelana nesimo samalungelo abantu eVenezuela. Abazange bavunyelwe ukungena eVenezuela kodwa baqhube amakhulukhulu ezingxoxo nabamelene nohulumeni waseMaduro. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseVenezuela u-Arreaza bahlaselwe umbiko wokwenziwa “ukude”. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlukana nehhovisi likaMichele Bachelet, uKhomishana Omkhulu we-UN Wamalungelo Abantu, njengoba uMsion Verdad echaza esitatimendeni. ezibucayi yombiko.
Khumbula ukuthi uBachelet, nakuba enakho wathi ukuthi unswinyo kufanele “lwehliswe noma lumiswe” ngesikhathi sodlame, uye uhlulekile ukuze bafune ukuthi konke kube njalo unomphela uphakanyisiwe. [1] Kusukela ngo-2017 (lapho uTrump ebakhulisa kakhulu) unswinyo luye lwabangela amashumi ezinkulungwane zokufa. Uhlale ewaqinisa kusukela ngo-2017. Ngo-2019, i-US yavala ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela wase-Venezuela, yabe ibeka umthetho ukuvinjelwa kukho konke ukusebenzelana nohulumeni kaMaduro. Iphinde yagxila ekuhwebeni kweVenezuela namanye amazwe. Kulo nyaka ifune ngokusobala ukuvimba ukuthunyelwa kukaphethiloli kwe-Iranian ukuya eVenezuela - empeleni kusanda kwenzeka ashaqe ukuthunyelwa kwamafutha.
Kepha ngokusobala i-US ifuna imibiko ye-UN esekela ngokuphelele ubuqaba bayo.
Akudingeki ngisho ukuthi, umsebenzi ka-Alfred De Zayas, unobhala okhethekile we-UN owavakashela eVenezuela, awunakwa. Wafika endlini iziphetho ezingalungile mayelana nezinsiza ze-propaganda zasentshonalanga. Ngo-2018, uthe IVenezuela kufanele iyise uhulumeni wase-US phambi kweNkantolo Yamacala Obugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe mayelana nokucekela phansi umnotho waseVenezuela. Noma yimuphi umuntu ohloniphekile futhi onolwazi kufanele asho lokho manje.
Amathuba okuba umbuso onamandla kakhulu emhlabeni uphendule kuyindaba ehlukile. Kule nyanga i-US kugunyaziwe umshushisi weNkantolo Yobugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe kanye nomsizi wakhe ukuziphindiselela ngophenyo lwamacala empi enziwa yi-US e-Afghanistan. Ngaphakathi koMbuso, njengakunoma ibuphi ubushiqela, kunesethi yemithetho yabanamandla nenye isethi yemithetho yawo wonke umuntu.
Ukwandisa usongo lwase-US kubantu baseVenezuela
Umbiko wakamuva we-UN ubuhloswe ngokucacile ukuhlinzeka ngekhava yamalungelo abantu - kanye nokuphazamiseka - ubugebengu obuqhubekayo base-US ngokumelene neVenezuela. Eqinisweni, ngoSepthemba 23, uJuan Guaidó, i-US kanye nabalingani bayo bamemezela umongameli waseVenezuela ngo-2019, wacela i-UN ukuthi "hlola" ukusebenzisa "Isibopho Sokuvikela” imfundiso ethandwa yi-liberal imperialists. Lokho kuwucingo olucashile lokuhlasela kwangaphandle kwezwe lakhe.
Izijeziso zezomnotho zase-US eVenezuela zishiwo ngesikhathi kudlula izikhathi ezimbalwa embikweni we-UN, kodwa umthelela wazo wobuntu awuzange ubhekwe. Kwesinye isigameko [iphuzu 138] abaphenyi babakhulisile ukuze baphikisane nelungelo lomthethosisekelo likaMaduro lokunxenxa imithetho yezimo eziphuthumayo: "izimo eziphuthumayo zezomnotho zamenyezelwa kusukela ngoJanuwari 2016, esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambi kokuba i-United States ibeke unswinyo lokuqala lwezezimali eVenezuela".
Lokho akunangqondo ngokuphelele. Obama wabeka izijeziso zezomnotho ezilimazayo kuhulumeni waseVenezuela ngo-2015 ngokusemthethweni ememezela ukuthi iVenezuela yabeka "usongo olungavamile" ekuvikelekeni kwezwe lase-US. UTrump usebenzise izaba ezifanayo ukuqinisa unswinyo lwenkathi ka-Obama. Izaba ziwukuhlanekezelwa kweqiniso okunokubhuqa.
Lapho i-US, ine achitha amashumi ezigidi kwabantu ngezimpi zayo zonya kusukela ngo-2001, ibiza noma yimuphi uhulumeni ngokuthi “usongo oluyisimangaliso”, nguhulumeni ohlosiwe kanye nezakhamuzi zawo ezibekwe engcupheni enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo lwase-US eVenezuela luhlehlela emuva ku-2002, lapho ukuketula umbuso okwakusekelwa yi-US kuhoxisa kafushane uhulumeni kaHugo Chavez futhi kwafaka ubushiqela ngaphansi kukasomabhizinisi ogama lakhe linguPedro Carnoma. Lona bekuwumzamo wokuqala kweyisithupha emikhulu esekelwa yi-US yokuketula uhulumeni waseVenezuela. Okunye kwenzeke ngoDisemba 2002 – February 2003, April 2013, February-April, 2014, April-July, 2017, kanye nomzamo wamanje, omude kakhulu, we-US wokufaka i-Guaidó kusukela ngoJanuwari ka-2019.
Ububanzi balo mbiko bebunqunyelwe amasu "wokuphenya ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho emthethweni, ukunyamalala okuphoqelelwe, ukuboshwa ngokungafanele kanye nokuhlukunyezwa nokunye ukuphathwa okunonya, okunonya noma okululazayo" eVenezuela kusukela ngo-2014 [iphuzu 1 lombiko]. Kodwa ukuze kuhambisane nokuhlasela kwawo uhulumeni kaMaduro - ukusekela izimpikiswano zomthethosisekelo zombiko, izimangalo zawo mayelana nezomthetho, kanye nokuvezwa kwawo kukaLeopoldo Lopez njengesisulu sokucindezelwa nokuhlukunyezwa - umbiko waphoqeleka ukuba usho izehlakalo phakathi ne-Chavista yonke. inkathi (selokhu uHugo Chavez eqale ukuthatha isikhundla ngo-1999). [2]
Ngokwenza kanjalo, abaphenyi babonisa indlela ababengathembeki ngayo ngokuphelele ngezinto “zomthombo ovulekile” abathi basebenzise “ngokugcwele” embikweni [iphuzu 10]. Ukuhlanekezela kwabo kubukela phansi umbiko njengoba uncike kakhulu ebufakazini obuyimfihlo nemithombo [njengoba Amaphuzu 9 no-14 echaza]. Uma abaphenyi beqamba amanga ngerekhodi lomlando elingabhekwa kalula, akekho okufanele abethembe ukuthi bazohlola ulwazi oluyimfihlo.
Amanga ashaqisayo okweqiwa
Cabanga ngengxoxo yombiko yomholi weqembu eliphikisayo uLeopoldo Lopez ogama lakhe livela izikhathi ezingama-71 embikweni. Amaphuzu 374 kuya ku-406 agxile kuye ngokuphelele futhi aqala kanje:
U-Leopoldo Eduardo López Mendoza isazi sezomnotho saseVenezuela kanye nepolitiki. Ngo-2000, wasungula iqembu lezepolitiki iPrimero Justicia noHenrique Capriles noJulio Borges. Wakhethwa njengemeya kamasipala waseChacao eCaracas ngoJulayi 2000. UnguMxhumanisi Kazwelonke welinye iqembu lezepolitiki, iVoluntad Popular, alisungula ngo-2009.
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Usolwa emacaleni obugebengu angu-23 ahlukene kusukela ngo-2001, angu-20 awo avalwa yiHhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele esigabeni sokuqulwa kwecala. ngezinsolo zokukhetha izihlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwezimali, iNkantolo Yamalungelo Abantu YaseMelika eyanquma ngazwi-linye ngo-September 844, 2008 ukuthi zephula izihloko eziningi ze-Inter-American Convention on Human Rights.2014 Lesi sinqumo sasingazange sisetshenziswe. nguVenezuela ngesikhathi sokubhala.
U-Lopez (kanye no-Henrique Capriles) uhole "ukuboshwa" kangqongqoshe kahulumeni kaChavez (uRamón Rodríguez Chacín) ngenkathi umbuso wobushiqela waseCarmona usabusa isikhashana ngo-Ephreli ka-2002. U-Lopez utshele abezindaba bendawo ukuthi ukuboshwa "kwenziwe kahle" (ungqongqoshe washaywa ngesikhathi ehudulwa phakathi kwesixuku) nokuthi "uMongameli uCarmona" "ubuyekeziwe". U-Lopez naye uvele ku-a umbukiso wezingxoxo wendawo lapho abanye abenzi bokuketula umbuso ababili bezishaya isifuba ngeqhaza labo kulo futhi babonga abezindaba ezizimele ngosizo lwabo ekuxosheni uChavez. Ngo-2014, u-Lopez wayengakayi ejele nganoma iyiphi yazo - njengoba amaphuzu angu-374 no-375 avela embikweni enza kucace ngenkathi efihla wonke lawa maqiniso abaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo.
U-Lopez (ngenhla), ngo-Ephreli 2002, ngaphandle kwendlu ye-Chavista Minsiter (Ramón Rodríguez Chacín) ehola ukuboshwa kwakhe egameni lobushiqela baseCarmona.
U-Lopez (ngenhla) ku-TV yendawo, ngo-Ephreli 2002, eqhosha ngokuhola "ukuboshwa" koNgqongqoshe we-Chavista. Ungathi "uMongameli uCarmona" ubuyekeziwe
Izithombe ezingenhla zika-Lopez ehola “ukuboshwa” kukangqongqoshe ngesikhathi kuketulwa umbuso ngo-2002, futhi ekhuluma nabezindaba ngakho zithathwe ku-YOUTUBE.
Uhulumeni wase-US, ngokophenyo lwayo, yavuma ukuthi inikeze “ukuqeqeshwa, ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo, nokunye ukwesekwa” kubantu abahilelekile ekuketulweni umbuso (futhi futhi yaphikisa ngokuhlekisayo ukuthi kwakungeyona into enkulu). I-IMF ephethwe yi-US ngokushesha aqhubekele phambili ukunikeza imali mboleko kaCarmona yobushiqela. Futhi uhulumeni kaBush waveza amanga kaCarmona mayelana nokuketula umbuso njengoba kwenza Ibhodi lokuhlela le-New York Times. Esibonelweni esingajwayelekile sokwethembeka kwabezindaba ze-wetsern, owayengumhleli wangaphandle weWashington Post wachaza kafushane (ku lokhu ividiyo) ukuthi i-US "yayibandakanyeka ekuketulweni umbuso".
Ukuketulwa kuka-2002 kwalandela isu u-Lopez nabanye abaholi abaphikisayo abazophinda basebenzise ku-2013, 2014 kanye no-2017. Okokuqala, isimangalo "imibhikisho enokuthula" yayicindezelwa ngobudlova. Okwesibili, thuthukisa ukwesekwa kwe-US (kanye nabezindaba basentshonalanga kanye nokusekelwa kwe-NGO enkulu okuza nakho) ukukhuthaza ukuvukela umbuso phakathi kukahulumeni, ikakhulukazi amabutho ezokuphepha. (Umzamo wamanje wokuketula umbuso, “njengesiteleka sikawoyela” sika-2002/3, wehluke kancane njengoba uncike kakhulu ekucekeleni phansi umnotho.)
The Ukuketulwa kuka-April 2002 uLopez abambe iqhaza ngokuziqhenya kukho kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu ngobudlova abangu-79: abalandeli bakahulumeni be-Chavez (chavistas) abangu-68, abaphikisi abangu-7, ababukele abangu-5. Iningi lokufa (cishe i-60) lenzeka ngenkathi ubushiqela beCarmona busabusa. Umbiko awushongo lutho ngokuketulwa kuka-2002.
Ngamanye amazwi, lo mbiko awukunakanga ukuthi sekuphele amashumi amabili eminyaka uhulumeni waseVenezuela eboshelwe ubuholi obuphikisayo obusobala obusekelwa amandla amakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuphikisa okungokomthetho noma okungokomthetho ezenzweni zikahulumeni waseVenezuela ezishaya indiva isibopho sakhe sokuvikela ubukhosi baseVenezuela nobuqotho bendawo (bona isihloko se-1 womthethosisekelo) akathembekile ngokuphelele. [3]
NgoDisemba ka-2007, u-Lopez nabanye abaholi abaphikisayo bahlomula ngezindlela eziningi ukuxolelwa UChavez unikeze labo asebevele bebambe iqhaza emizamweni emibili ecekela phansi ngendlela emangalisayo yokumketula (ngokusekelwa okuphelele kwe-US).
Ngo-April 2013, futhi ngokusekelwa okugcwele kwe-US, u-Henrique Capriles wenqaba ukwamukela imiphumela yokhetho lokuqala lukamongameli olwanqotshwa uMaduro. Imibhikisho uCapriles acelwe ukuba yenziwe iholele ekufeni kwabalandeli bakaMaduro okungenani abayisi-8. Ezinyangeni kamuva, ngoDisemba 8 ka-2013, u-Lopez uthe ingxoxo ukuthi uCapriles “uzoba ngumongameli njengamanje” ukube ubegcine abasekeli bakhe emigwaqweni ” njengoba abaningi bethu bemyale ukuba enze kanjalo”. Njengango-2002, isu lika-Lopez ngokusobala kwakuwukuqhubeka nokubiza imibhikisho, ukuphika isibopho sokubulala okwenziwa ngasohlangothini lwakhe, futhi alungele ukwamukela noma yikuphi ukuhlubuka okuhlomile kwabezokuphepha.
Edlala ngokuthula mayelana nemizamo yokuqala yokuketula umbuso eyayisekelwa yi-US u-Lopez wayeyingxenye yayo, umbiko we-UN wathi okulandelayo ngokubandakanyeka kuka-Lopez kweyesine:
U-Leopoldo López ugqugquzele imibhikisho emikhulu emelene noHulumeni eyenzeka mhla ziyi-12 kuNhlolanja wezi-2014 eCaracas futhi yahlanganiswa nayo esidlangalaleni. Ukhulume ekuqaleni komcimbi eCaracas, esola uHulumeni ngenkohlakalo kanye nezinsolo zokusebenzisana nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, kanti futhi efuna ukungabi nodlame.846 Cishe ngabo-1.30 p.m., uMnu. López ushiye umbhikisho futhi wacela ababhikishi, kodwa bahluleka, ukuthi benze kanjalo. okufanayo.
Akekho umuntu othembekile nojwayelene nerekhodi lika-Lopez ongenza sengathi ubengaholi omunye umzamo wokuketula umbuso. U-Lopez "ukubiza ukungabi nodlame" akuthembekile kunoPedro Carmona ethi ubushiqela bakhe empeleni bekuwukubuyisela intando yeningi.
Isigaba esimayelana neLopez senza okuningi kwalokho owayengumshushisi, uFranklin Nieves, kanye nowayenguMmeli Jikelele uLuisa Ortega Díaz, manje abakushoyo mayelana necala likaLopez. Bobabili babaleka eVenezuela. U-Ortega wasuka ukuqasha ummeli ngo-2015 ukuthi alwe I-US izijezise enkantolo, ukusebenzisana ngokugcwele nemizamo yaseMelika yokuketula uMaduro. Ngo-2018, yena ukuphakanyiswa angase agijimele umongameli ngelinye ilanga. Inhloso eyinhloko yenswinyo nezinsongo zase-US ukukhiqiza lezi zinhlobo zokuphambuka kokuzenzela wena.
Sekushiwo lokho, icala labashushisi elibhekene no-Lopez lahlanganiswa ngendlela engavamile engachaza ngempela “ingcindezi” kubashushisi ukuthi benze kangcono. Ingabe kwakukhona ukungakwazi ngamabomu? Ngentshiseko yabo yokungena ezincwadini ezinhle zikahulumeni wase-US, izinkulumo manje ezishiwo u-Ortega noNieves zisikisela ukuthi kwakukhona. Yilokho abasekeli bakahulumeni baye basola iminyaka eminingana mayelana nabashushisi bomphakathi njengamakhulu ezishoshovu zabalimi (abalandeli bakahulumeni!) baye babulawa ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Ukungakwazi ngamabomu nokukhathala (okungukuthi, inkohlakalo) kwabashushisi kungenzeka ukuthi kwabamba iqhaza ekuqinisekiseni uChavez ukuthi kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukunikeza abantu abafana noLopez ushwele ngo-2007.
Umbiko we-UN uphinde waphetha, ngokusekelwe ezinsolweni zamalungu omndeni kaLopez, ukuthi ukuphathwa kwakhe ejele "kungase kufane nokuhlukunyezwa nonya, ukuphathwa kabi noma ukujeziswa" [iphuzu 406].
NgoMeyi ka-2017, ephendula amahlebezi asakazwa nguMarco Rubio nabanye ukuthi u-Lopez ungeniswe esibhedlela, ividiyo ikhishiwe ejele lapho uLopez aboshwe khona. Kuholele ekutheni abanye babasekeli bakhe baziqhenye ngomzimba kaLopez, kanti kumkakhe ethi le vidiyo “ihleliwe”.
Ngemva kwenyanga, u-Lopez (ebukeka efanelekile njengoba enza ngenyanga edlule) ikhiphe enye ividiyo kusuka ejele ekhuthaza eminye imibhikisho ephikisana nohulumeni "we-despotic" kaMaduro. Emasontweni kamuva, uLopez waba wathutha wangena ukuboshwa endlini okusekelwe "ezindabeni zezempilo". Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uLopez wenza enye ividiyo ekhuthaza amabutho ukuthi angafezi umsebenzi wawo wokuvikela izikhungo zokuvota ngesikhathi sokhetho lweConstituent Assembly. Umbiko we-UN [iphuzu 396] uchaza u-Lopez weqa ekuboshweni endlini ngo- April 30, 2019 ukuze akwazi. yima eduze kwaseGuaidó ngaphandle kwesizinda samasosha amahora ambalwa ethi ukuvukela umbuso kwase kuseduze - futhi ngokungangabazeki ukholelwa ukuthi maduze uzoqoqa ama-Chavistas njengoba enza ngo-April ka-2002. Kodwa akwenzekanga. Lo mzamo wawuyi-flop engenakuphikwa emahoreni ambalwa, futhi wafika u-Lopez eNxusa LaseSpain lapho ehlala khona kodwa ngaphandle kokuba nendawo yokukhosela ngokusemthethweni.
Yebo singaqhathanisa usizi luka-Lopez nalo UJulian Assange, (ngokungafani no-Lopez) oye wahlukunyezwa ngokungangabazeki emzamweni wokusebenzisana yi-US kanye nabalingani abambalwa abangagcini nje ngokufundisa, kodwa ngokuhlanganyela bajezise bonke abantu baseVenezuela becaphuna "amalungelo abantu".
Isithombe nesihloko esingenhla sithathwe kuso BBC
U-Assange akazange ahileleke ekukekelweni umbuso okusekelwe kwamanye amazwe ngokumelene ne-US, okungeyona ngisho nohulumeni wakhe kodwa ozibiza ngokuthi unelungelo lokumjezisa. U-Assange wayezibandakanya nje kubuntatheli obungabuthandi uMbuso.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-Emperors afuna ukuba kube nesethi yemithetho ekhethekile (uma ikhona) esebenza kubo nakubasekeli babo. Singabala ngokuphepha laba baphenyi be-UN, kanye no-Lopez, phakathi kwabalandeli bayo.
QAPHELA:
[1] Khumbula ukuthi "unswinyo okuhlosiwe" u-Obama alubeka lulimaze umnotho wonke - futhi lwavula umnyango wezigwegwe ezimbi kakhulu. Isidingo kufanele kube ukuthi zonke unswinyo zisuswe unomphela (okungukuthi, ukuhoxiswa komyalelo wesigungu esibiza iVenezuela "ngosongo oluyisimanga") nokuthi izikhulu zase-US zithweswe icala elisemthethweni ngomonakalo eziwudalile - njengoba u-Alfred De Zayas esho.
[2] Ngaphandle kwesigaba secala lika-Lopez, amaphuzu 115 – 165 anikeza inqwaba yezikhalazo ezijwayelekile zokuphikisa mayelana nenkathi ye-Chavista ngaphambi kuka-2014. Iphuzu le-115 lithi ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla “kuye kwaguguleka kancane kancane kusukela uMthethosisekelo [ka-1999] waba khona” . Iphoyinti 149 ligxeka imithetho eyaphasiswa ngo-2000 nango-2004 eyayinomthelela kwezobulungiswa. Iphuzu le-156 izinhloso zokuthi izivivinyo zokuncintisana zamajaji “.azizange zenziwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16”. Icala lika ijaji u-Afiuni, owaboshwa ngo-2009, wacashunwa izikhathi eziningi.
[3] Lapha ngibhekise ezikhalweni ezehlukene umbiko ozenzayo mayelana nezenzo ezithiye amandla esigungu sikazwelonke esilawulwa amaqembu aphikisayo noma okuthiwa zahlukumeza “ukuzimela kwenkantolo”. Uhulumeni waseVenezuela akaphiki ukuthi abezokuphepha benze amacala abucayi. Ingxoxo yaleso sihloko izolandela eNgxenyeni yesi-2.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela