Umhlaba ubheke amazinga endlala angakaze abonwe akhula nsuku zonke ngokunyuka kwentengo yokudla okubangelwa impi yase-Ukraine. I-Russia ne-Ukraine ngokuvamile ibalelwa ku-28% womhlaba ukuthumela ngaphandle kakolweni, enikeza ingxenye enkulu yokudla okuyisisekelo emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Amanani okudla aphesheya anjalo phezulu i-23% onyakeni odlule, futhi yafinyelela irekhodi eliphezulu ngoMashi.
Emhlanganweni weWorld Economic Forum ngoMeyi, uDavid Beasley, inhloko yeWorld Food Programme, uxwayise ngokuthi isibalo sabantu abasonqenqemeni lokubhuqwabhuqwa yindlala asukume sisuka ezigidini eziyi-135 sifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-276 ezinobhubhane lwe-COVID; futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-325 (manje sebeyizigidi ezingama-345).
Kukhona indlela yokuletha usizo olungamakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi emazweni asathuthuka lapho kuhlala khona abantu abaludinga kakhulu. Ngokumangalisayo, lolu sizo alunazindleko zero kuhulumeni wase-U.S. Yasatshalaliswa ngonyaka odlule, futhi cishe yasindisa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezimpilo. Futhi uhulumeni wase-US empeleni nguye onqumayo ukuthi kuzokwenzeka futhi. Kodwa abantu baseMelika abaningi abazange bezwe ngakho.
Amalungelo okudweba akhethekile
Lolu sizo luvela kwi-International Monetary Fund. I-IMF ayilona ibhange eliphakathi njenge-Federal Reserve, ngakho ayikwazi ukudala imali. Kodwa iyazakhela eyakho impahla yamazwe ngamazwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-special drawing right (SDR). Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-IMF, izwe eliyilungu elinesidingo semali eqinile-imvamisa amadola-lingashintshanisa ama-SDR alo ngemali namanye amazwe angamalungu e-IMF.
Ngonyaka owodwa odlule, i-IMF yakha ama-SDR anenani eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-650 futhi yawasabalalisa emazweni angamalungu ayo. Akuyona imali ebolekiwe, futhi ayikho imibandela ehambisana nayo. Amanye amazwe asathuthuka kushintshiwe Ama-SDR cishe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-17 zemali eqinile. Abanye basebenzise ama-SDR ukukhokha izigidigidi zamadola esikweletu esikweletwa i-IMF, nayo evunyelwe.
Futhi nansi into ephawulekayo ngeningi lama-SDR angaguqulelwanga emalini eqinile, kodwa avele ahlale ezindaweni zokugcina imali emabhange amaphakathi amazwe asathuthuka: aphinde asebenze umlingo othile osindisa umnotho nokuphila ngesikhathi sokwehla komnotho emhlabeni wonke.
Njengoba ama-SDR eguqulelwa kumadola, afana nokubamba uketshezi, impahla ephephile njengebhondi yoMgcinimafa wase-U.S. Ngakho-ke, asiza ekuvimbeleni izingqinamba zokukhokha ibhalansi, kanye nezinkinga zezimali noma zezikweletu ezingase zenzeke lapho amazwe ephelelwa yimali egciniwe. Lokhu kunomthelela obaluleke kakhulu wokuzinzisa emazweni asathuthuka okungenzeka ukuthi azithole esenkingeni ngesikhathi esifana nalesi. Izibaluli ezikhuphukile zivumela amazwe ukuthi aboleke ngamanani enzalo aphansi.
Umthetho wendlu
I-House of Representatives yase-U.S. isivele yaphasisa umthetho obiza ama-SDR aphindwe kathathu kunalawo akhishwa ngonyaka odlule; kodwa amaRepublicans akuvimbile eSenate. Kodwa-ke, uMnyango wezeMali, omele iWashington ku-IMF, unganquma ngaphandle kweCongress ukusekela isabelo esisha se-SDR ku-IMF cishe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-650, njengoba kwenza ngonyaka odlule; futhi kwakuzokwenzeka ngokushesha.
Akekho ovela kuMgcinimafa, noma kwenye indawo ekuphathweni kweBiden, oke wenza impikiswano yezomnotho yokuthi kukhona ukuhlehla — noma ubungozi obuphansi — esabelweni esisha sosayizi ofanayo. Futhi futhi: izindleko eziyiziro kusabelomali sase-U.S., kungaba okwamanje, noma esikhathini esizayo.
Umnotho womhlaba uye wehla kakhulu kusukela ngonyaka odlule, futhi amabhange amaningi amaphakathi njengamanje alandela i-Fed futhi akhuphule amanani enzalo, okuqhubeka nokubambezela umsebenzi wezomnotho. IBhange Lomhlaba linqamule isibikezelo salo sokukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke kulo nyaka cishe phakathi, futhi waxwayiswa ukuthi ukuqina kwezimo zezimali “kungacindezela amazwe ohlotsheni lwenkinga yezikweletu esayibona ngawo-1980.” I-IMF isanda kumemezela ukuthi izophinde yehlise isibikezelo sayo sokukhula komhlaba okwesithathu kulo nyaka. U-Kristalina Georgieva, umqondisi ophethe we-IMF, uye wathi ukuthi wayengakwazi ukukunqanda ukuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke.
Lona kanye uhlobo lwesimo ukukhishwa kwempahla egciniwe ye-IMF okwenzelwe yona, ukugwema ezinye izindleko zomuntu ekulimaleni komnotho okungavinjelwa.
Usizo lwe-Ukraine
Abaphathi beBiden bakugcizelele kaningi ukweseka kwabo abantu base-Ukraine, umnotho wabo olahlekelwe yinhlekelele yezomnotho selokhu kwaqala impi. Kodwa isamba esikhulu sosizo lwezomnotho lwase-US olunikezwe i-Ukraine kube u-$7.5 billion kuhlanganisiwe kumthethosivivinywa owaphasiswa yiCongress ngoMeyi. Ukukhishwa okusha kwe-SDR kuzohlinzeka cishe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.75 e-Ukraine, ukwanda okukhulu—futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kwesikweletu noma izimo.
Yilokho i-Ukraine eyakuthola ngonyaka odlule-kodwa akumangazi ukuthi baye badlula kule bhiliyoni engu-2.75 $, futhi babuze ukuze uthole okuningi.
Izigele ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa u-Elizabeth Warren, kanye no-Sherrod Brown-usihlalo we-Senate Banking Committee-bafake isicelo kuMongameli uJoe Biden kanye noNobhala woMgcinimafa uJanet Yellen ukuthi bathathe lesi sinyathelo esilula sokusekela ukwabiwa okusha kwama-SDR. Futhi iningi leNdlu yabaMeli selivele likhona.
Umgcinimafa kufanele akwenze lokhu manje ngaphambi kokuba kuphuze kakhulu. Yilokho umhlaba okufunayo, futhi udinga kakhulu ukuthi bakwenze.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela