Umthombo: MarketWatch
Umnotho womhlaba ubhekene nezingozi ezinkulu eziya phambili: ngokwesibonelo, imali engenayo elinganiselwa ku- $ 2.3 trillion kulindeleke ukuthi ilahleke ngo-2022-25 ngenxa yokungalingani kokugoma—iningi layo emazweni asathuthuka.
E-United States, i-Federal Reserve yehlise amanani enzalo yaba nguziro futhi idale okungaphezu kwalokho $ 3.6 isigidintathu selokhu kwaqala ubhubhane. Inqubomgomo yezimali nayo ibingakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, kube nokushoda kwesabelomali sombuso esingu-15% wesamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya ngonyaka odlule, futhi kuhlelwe ku-13.4% ngo-2021. Sathola kanjalo-ke izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokungasebenzi, ikhredithi yentela yezingane eyandisiwe, amasheke okuvuselela angakaze abonwe, izitembu zokudla ezinwetshiwe nokunye, kakhulu. ukwehla izinga lobuphofu laseMelika.
Inkinga yendlala ingase ibulale izigidi
Kodwa izigidigidi zabantu zihlala emazweni anemali ephansi noma ephakathi angakwazi ukukhetha okufanayo; futhi, njengoba ubumpofu bukhulu kakhulu lapho, lokhu kuyindaba enkulu kakhulu yokuphila nokufa. NgoJuni iWorld Food Programme Kulinganiselwa ukwanda kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-121 asebephenduke “abantula ukudla noma abasengozini enkulu” kusukela kwalolu bhubhane. Lokhu “okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili” ukwanda okungama-81%; kungabulala izigidi zabantu, ikakhulukazi izingane. Ukungondleki kahle ezinganeni ukwanda ukufa okungavinjelwa okuvela kwezinye izimbangela.
Alikho ibhange elikhulu lomnotho womhlaba, futhi alukho uhlobo lwemali yomhlaba, olungasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuhlanganisa uhlobo lwezinsiza zomhlaba ezidalwe yiFederal Reserve kanye ne-European Central Bank ngezimali zabo. Kodwa i-International Monetary Fund ingenza into efanayo, futhi ingasindisa ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu.
Ngenyanga edlule isiKhwama sikhiphe impahla egciniwe yomhlaba enenani eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-650—ebizwa kanjalo amalungelo okudweba akhethekile (SDRs)— kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu.
Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-IMF, lezi zingashintshwa ngemali eqinile, njengedola BUXX, -0.17% noma i-euro I-EURUSD, 0.17%, ngamazwe aswele. Ama-SDR awawona ama-mboleko futhi akudingeki ukuthi abuyiselwe; futhi azikho izimo ezihambisana nazo.
Isici esisodwa esimangalisayo salokhu kuqanjwa kabusha—okwasetshenziswa ekuwohlokeni komnotho emhlabeni wonke ngo-2009—ukuthi amazwe amaningi empeleni angaguquli ama-SDR abe yimali asazuza kuwo. Ngokuba neziqiwi eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe, zinjalo cishe kancane ukuze babhekane nebhalansi yezinkinga zokukhokha, izinkinga zezimali noma zezikweletu, noma ukwehla komnotho okujulile lapho umnotho wabo untenga.
Lezi zinqolobane ezintsha zamazwe ngamazwe ziphinde zikhulule ezinye izinsiza emazweni asathuthuka ukuze zithengwe kwamanye amazwe ezibalulekile njengemithi yokugoma, imithi, nokudla. Futhi zingashintshwa ngemali eqinile njengoba kudingeka.
Ipolitiki yase-US
Kodwa kunepolitiki ehilelekile, futhi lokhu kungonakalisa yonke into. USteven Mnuchin, uNobhala woMgcinimafa kaTrump, wavimba ngokushesha i-IMF ukuthi ikhiphe ama-SDR lapho umqondisi ophethe weSikhwama. ehlongozwayo ngoMashi 2020. UKhongolose ungawuchitha uMnyango Wezezimali, ngakho-ke iNdlu yaphasa umthetho ngonyaka odlule ukuze uhulumeni wase-US agunyaze “okungenani ama-SDR ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili”—ebiza u-$2 trillion—eSikhwameni.
Kodwa amaRepublicans avimbe umthetho eSenate. Ngenkathi uBiden ethatha izintambo, uMnyango omusha woMgcinimafa wavuma, e-IMF, cishe ngokuningi ababengakuvumela ngaphandle kwevoti leCongress. Lena bekungamabhiliyoni angama-650 amaRandi akhishwe yi-IMF ngenyanga edlule.
Kodwa lokhu kukhishwa kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-650 kwakunganele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo iningi lomhlaba elibhekene nazo, ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo zabantu abangasindiswa.
Umnotho wase-US futhi ukuzuza kusuka kunoma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-SDR, ngoba ukuthunyelwa kwethu kwamanye amazwe kuncike esidingweni sawo wonke umnotho womhlaba. Inani lemisebenzi ehlobene ne-US ehlobene nokuthekelisa elahlekile ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni lilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili; lezi zizobuya ngokushesha uma umnotho wezwe usimama ngokushesha.
Ngakho amalungu kaKhongolose abuyile, nawo umthetho kuzo zombili iNdlu kanye neSenethi, ukuze uthole ukuphumula ngalokho okwagunyazwa yiNdlu ngonyaka odlule. Iphinde yadlula iNdlu kulo nyaka, kodwa ubuholi beRiphabhulikhi busayivimba eSenate.
Azikho izindleko kuhulumeni wase-US
Asikho isizathu sokuthi umuntu enze lokhu kube yindaba echemayo. Alukho udaba lwebhajethi noma izindleko kuhulumeni wase-US; Ama-SDR awalona usizo lwangaphandle. Abasekeli bokukhishwa okukhulu kwe-SDR banakho kuhlanganisiwe amakhulu osomnotho, izinhloko zemibuso zangaphambili nabamanje kanye nongqongqoshe kulo lonke uhlobo lwezepolitiki. Cishe azikho izazi zezomnotho—zanoma iyiphi ithonya lezombangazwe—ezike zasho okuthile ngokumelene nakho; lokho kungenxa yokuthi azikho izingcuphe eziphawulekayo.
Izinhlangano emelela amashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika—kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zenkolo ezinkulu njenge Ingqungquthela yaseMelika Yabhishobhi BamaKatolika-basekele ukukhishwa kwezigidigidi zamadola okuphasiswe yiNdlu yabaMeli.
Impela i-US ihlukaniswe ngokwezepolitiki njengamanje, futhi lo mthetho wethulwe ngamaDemocrats. Kepha emasontweni ambalwa edlule, izigele zeRiphabhulikhi eziyi-19, okuhlanganisa noMholi Oyingcosana uMitch McConnell, bajoyine amaDemocrats ukuze baphasise umthethosivivinywa wengqalasizinda ongu-$1 trillion. Imali yangempela leyo. Futhi owayenguMongameli uDonald Trump, osalokhu eyiRiphabhulikhi enamandla kakhulu, ubanxuse ukuthi bavotele inombolo. (UTrump akakaze asho lutho mayelana nama-SDR).
Alikho ilungu lephalamende elizobhekana nomkhankaso wokuhlasela ngonyaka ozayo liwasola ngokweseka amalungelo akhethekile okudweba. Kufanele okungenani kube nesigele seRiphabhulikhi esisodwa esizoba namandla okusekela okuthile okuzodala amathuba emisebenzi e-US futhi kusindise izimpilo emhlabeni wonke, futhi kungabizi kuhulumeni wase-US.
UMark Weisbrot ungumqondisi we Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Kwezomnotho Nenqubomgomo eWashington. Ungumbhali we “Yehlulekile: Lokho ‘Ochwepheshe’ Abakuthola Okungalungile Ngomnotho Womhlaba” (Oxford University Press).
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