Umthombo: USA Today
Ngenkathi uMongameli uJoe Biden enquma ukuhoxisa amasosha aseMelika kusuka e-Afghanistan ngonyaka odlule, okuningi kwezindaba zaseMelika zehlela kuye njengethani lezitini. AmaRiphabhulikhi aqhubekela phambili, ebiza ukuhoxiswa "inhlekelele engadabuki. "
Kodwa ukuphuma kwakuyisinyathelo esifanele.
Eqinisweni, iphutha langempela laliphambene: Abaphathi beBiden abazange bayiqede impi, kodwa bayiqhube ngezinye izindlela, eziphenduke zaba nodlame futhi ziphazamisa. Izijeziso zezomnotho ezabekwa yiMelika labasekeli bayo zibangela indlala enzima kulelilizwe elihlupheka kakhulu.
Izigidigidi ezingu-7 zamaRandi ezinqolobaneni zamabhange amakhulu
Ngaphandle uma lezo zijeziso zihlehliswa ngokushesha, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bazobulawa umthelela wezomnotho wezijeziso onyakeni olandelayo kunenani laba wafa eminyakeni engu-20 yempi.
Isijeziso sezomnotho esicekela phansi kakhulu ukushaqwa kwe-US okungaphezu kwalokho Izigidigidi ezingu-7 zamaRandi ezinqolobaneni zamazwe ngamazwe okungeyebhange eliphakathi lase-Afghanistan. Izinqolobane ziyadingeka ekuthengisweni okubalulekile kwamanye amazwe njengokudla nemithi, kodwa futhi ukuze ibhange elikhulu lidlale indima yalo evamile ekugcineni uhlelo lwezezimali olusebenzayo kanye nokuzinza kwezomnotho.
Amaqembu osizo azama ukusabalalisa ukudla nokusindisa izimpilo zabantu awakwazi ezikhathini eziningi ukuhambisa izimali ezidingekayo, futhi uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo belulokhu lubhidlika.
Idatha yeBhange Lomhlaba ekhishwe ngenyanga edlule ikhombisa ukuthi amanani okudla anyuke ngenani elilinganiselwa ku-40% ngonyaka kusukela ngo-Agasti, okwenza ukudla kungafinyeleli kubantu abaningi base-Afghan abampofu.
Izingane 'ezisengozini yokufa ngenxa yokungondleki kahle'
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezomnotho, okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa kwezigidigidi zamarandi zosizo, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-22.8 - abangaphezu kwesigamu sabantu - babhekene ukuntula ukudla okunzima. Zihlanganisa izingane eziyizigidi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 “isengozini yokufa ngenxa yokungondleki okubi kakhulu,” ngokwe-UNICEF.
Akukacaci ukuthi kungani abaphathi beBiden befake unswinyo olubi kangaka e-Afghanistan. Izijeziso azibonakali ziqondiswe ekuketulweni kweTaliban. Esikhundleni salokho, kungenzeka ukuthi abaphathi beBiden, ngemuva kwesipiliyoni sabo esibi kwezepolitiki ngokuhoxiswa kwamasosha, abafuni ukuzifaka engcupheni yokubonakala “bethambile” kumaTaliban.
Lokhu wukungahlangani kahle kwezepolitiki kanjalo nokuziphatha. Imiphumela ebulalayo ye unswinyo lwaseMelika kwamanye amazwe alunakwanga kakhulu ngoba unswinyo beluqondwa kabi njengokujezisa ohulumeni, esikhundleni sabantu bonke. Kepha icala lase-Afghanistan seliqala ukulungisa lokhu kungezwani.
Izinhlangano ezisiza abantu ezinethonya elikhulu zichaza uchungechunge olubi lwezinkinga emphakathini.
David Miliband, owayengunobhala wezangaphandle waseBritain kanye nenhloko ye-International Rescue Committee, eye Abasebenzi abangu-3,000 e-Afghanistan, utshele iSigele saseMelika ngenyanga edlule: “I- imbangela yale nkinga yendlala yinqubomgomo yezomnotho yamazwe ngamazwe eye yamukelwa kusukela ngo-August, futhi eye yanqamula ukuhamba kwezimali hhayi nje ezinkampanini zikahulumeni, kodwa nasezimbonini ezizimele e-Afghanistan.”
Kuso lesi sigcawu, uGraeme Smith we-International Crisis Group watshela izigele: “Kufanele nikhulume ngesizathu sokuthi kungani abantu belambile, okuwukuwohloka komnotho. ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemikhawulo yezomnotho yaseNtshonalanga. "
Imindeni yezisulu zangomhla ka-9/11
NgoFebhuwari 11, abaphathi be-Biden bakhiphe umyalo wokwaba izimali zebhange elikhulu lase-Afghanistan: Ingxenye yayo ($3.5 billion) izoba “ukuze kuzuze abantu base-Afghan,” kanti enye ingxenye izoba ngeye imindeni yezisulu zokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, kusalindwe umphumela wezimangalo ezingokomthetho.
Ngamanye amazwi, akukho neyodwa yezigidigidi eziyisi-7 zamaRandi aphethwe yiWashington ezobuyiselwa ebhange eliphakathi. Ngakho-ke, iyaqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi komnotho wase-Afghan kanye nomphumela wendlala enkulu. Alikho inani losizo lwangaphandle elizokwengeza lokho, futhi kuze kube manje, akucaci ukuthi abantu base-Afghan bazohlomula kanjani ku-$3.5 billion ebekelwe bona.
Mayelana namacala asalindile, lokhu kubonakala kuwukuphazamiseka kwezepolitiki. I izindaba zomthetho azikacaci nhlobo futhi kungathatha iminyaka ukuxazulula. Bangaki abantu abampofu e-Afghanistan okufanele bafe ukuze kuvikelwe uhulumeni wase-US ekutheni angagcina esenezelwe kancane kusabelomali sawo salesi sinxephezelo? Izihlobo zezisulu zika-9/11 ezikhulume esidlangalaleni ngale mibuzo zithe, ngokugcizelela, abafuni ukuthatha noma iyiphi imali kubantu base-Afghanistan.
Inhlabathi evundile yamaphekula
IHuman Rights Watch yagxeka ngokushesha isiyalo esiphezulu, siphawula ukuthi “imingcele ohlelweni lwamabhange” “iqinisa inkinga yezwe yamalungelo abantu esivele ibucayi kakhulu.” Amanye amaqembu nochwepheshe abaphathelene nezindaba zobuntu bahlanganyela.
Uma i-Afghanistan iqhubeka nokungena ebunzimeni bendlala, ukuhlupheka nokufa, abaphathi beBiden ngeke babalekele icala ngalokhu, kanye nenkinga yababaleki. Abantu base-Afghan abangaphezu kwesigidi kulinganiselwa ukuthi sebebalekile kusukela ngo-Agasti.
Abaphathi beBiden nabo bazosolwa uma umphumela uba yisimo esihlulekile esivumela ukusungulwa kwesikhungo sezenzo zamaphekula nokuqasha abantu, njengoba kwenzeka eSyria lapho umbuso wamaSulumane uvela lapho. Cishe amalungu angama-50 eCongress axwayise uBiden encwadini ethi ukuwa komnotho e-Afghanistan ngenxa yenswinyo yaseMelika “kungadala izindawo ezingalawulwa, futhi ivumele ukucasukela i-US, ikhiqize indawo evundile yamaqembu afana ne-ISIS ukuze athole amandla. "
Yebo, isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqeda leli phupho elibi ukuthi lezi zijeziso zisongela ukuphila kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane, futhi ngokunokwenzeka nezigidi, zabantu abangenacala.
Kepha uma kukhona abantu ekuphathweni kweBiden ababheka lokhu ngokwezepolitiki ngokuqinile, ubungozi bezepolitiki bokucekela phansi umnotho wase-Afghan bukhulu kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukuqubuka okungenzeka kwezikhalazo zaseRiphabhlikhi mayelana nokubuyisa lezi zindawo ezigciniwe. Okungukuthi, ngemuva kwakho konke, okungabebhange eliphakathi kanye nama-Afghans.
Ukushesha lokhu kwenziwa, kanye nemali engakhiqizi evela kwi-International Monetary Fund kanye neWorld Bank, yilapho umnotho ungashesha ukusimama - njengoba uDavid Beasley, inhloko yoHlelo Lokudla Lomhlaba, enzile. kuphawulwe. Futhi izakhamuzi ezengeziwe - ikakhulukazi izingane, ababulawa ngokungenakulinganiswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okukhulu - bayophila.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela