The Prisoners' Diaries: Palestinian Voices from the I-Israel gulag, ihlelwe nguNorma Hashim, ngokubambisana eduze neSikhungo Sezifundo Zezombangazwe Nentuthuko, eGaza, 2013
Ziningi iziqephu ezihambayo ezingatholakala kulezi zingcaphuno ezivela kumadayari asejele kanye nezikhumbuzo zamaPalestina angama-22. Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi indaba ikuveza kangakanani ukukhathazeka okuhlanganyelwe kwalezi ziboshwa naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwesitayela sokubhala nesizinda. Amagama angukhiye ambalwa abusa imibhalo: ubuhlungu, uNkulunkulu noma u-Allah, uthando, iphupho, izwe lendabuko, ukuqina, izinyembezi, inkululeko, iphupho, umthandazo. Ukufunda kwami โโlezi zincwadi zezenzakalo kwangiveza emzabalazweni ohlukile wesiboshwa ngasinye ukuze siphile ngesithunzi esikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni esimnyama nesikhanya kabi sokuhlukaniswa, ukululazwa, ubutha obukhulu ngabasebenzi basejele, okuhlanganisa nokunganakwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Idayari iphinde yaqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nokuthunjwa isikhathi eside akuzange kuwudambise umoya Ukuphikiswa kwePalestine kuya Ukuhlala kwa-Israyeli, kodwa ngokuphambene wayewuqinise. Umbono oqinile wokungabi semthethweni okuphelele kokungena kuka-Israyeli emalungelweni ayisisekelo kakhulu Abantu basePalestine ikhona futhi cishe kuwo wonke amakhasi.
Nakuba ingebona ababhali abangochwepheshe, imizwa evezwayo inohlobo olukhethekile lokukhuluma oluvela ngenxa yobuqotho nothando lwayo. Isiboshwa wesifazane, Sana'a UShihada, lapho ezwa ukuthi umkhaya wakubo wawusindisiwe ekubhidlizweni komuzi wakubo, uchaza usizi lokuphenywa kwakhe ngesaga esasankondlo: โ..intukuthelo yabaphenyi yayinjengeqhwa nokuthula kimi [isisho sesi-Arabhu esidlulisa umbhalo umuzwa wokuba 'opholile']. Ngakuzwa ukuziqhenya kwabasePalestine, inkazimulo yamaSulumane, nokugqama kokwethembeka. Ngaguqa kuAllah, ngokubonga. Izinyembezi zami zawela phansi esitokisini, futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi bambe indlela abazoyibona abayoboshwa kamuva.โ Noma amazwi ka-Eyad Obayyat, isiboshwa esigwetshwe udilikajele kathathu ngenxa yendima yakhe ekubulaleni amasosha amaningana akwa-Israyeli, โPhakathi kwethu iziboshwa, ubunye bothando ngezwe lakithi babuyigugu ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinto.โ Omunye, u-Avina Sarahna, ubuza ngokudabukisayo, โIngabe ukwenqaba umsebenzi kuyicala?โฆMangibe ufakazi weqiniso, futhi ngivumele ngihlale lapha.โ Ekhuluma ngobuhlungu bokuhlukaniswa nezingane zakhe ezine, uKahera Alsโadi uyabhala, athola ukuthi bahlala ekhaya lezintandane: โAngikwazanga ukuzibamba ukuze ngikhale. Ingabe umndeni wami onothando wawuhlakazeke kanje? Ingabe sadalelwa ngenxa yothando lwethu ngezwe lakithi?...Ngemva kwalokho kuvakasha, ngazizwa njengemvu ehlatshiwe.โ Lezi zicaphuno ezikhethwe ngokungahleliwe zingaphindaphindeka izikhathi eziningi, kodwa ngethemba ukuthi ithoni iyonke nomlayezo ohambisanayo udluliswa yilezi zibonelo ezimbalwa.
Engakuthola kubaluleke kakhulu ngalolu shicilelo kwaba impumelelo yalo ekuguquleni i-abstraction ye Iziboshwa zasePalestine ochungechungeni lwezindaba zabantu iningi lazo elibonisa imizwa edabukisayo yokuzisola ebangelwa ukuhlukana isikhathi eside nalabo ababathanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Okwakuthinta kakhulu usizi olwavezwa amadoda elahlekelwa omama namadodakazi awo. Lawa amazwi alotshiwe eziboshwa ezigwetshwe ngamacala amakhulu ahlukahlukene yizinkantolo zamasosha akwa-Israel, ezinye zazo ezibhekene nokugqunywa ejele ngonya ukuphila kwazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi eziye zaphinde zajeziswa ngokuthi ziphucwe ukubona labo ezibathandayo. hhayi nhlobo, noma ngezikhathi ezingavamile, ngokuvakasha okufushane okujabulisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilulaza ubuntu, ngokusebenzisa izindonga ezihlukene zokuhlukanisa.
Kunzima ukungasiphathi isibalo samajele njengesiphukuphuku okuthi uma sibonwa wumhlaba wangaphandle kuvame ukwehliswa kube izibalo ezivela emibikweni yamalungelo abantu. NGOs. Le mibhalo ye-autobiographical, ngokuphambene, iyasiphoqa ukuba sikhulume nalezi ziboshwa njengabantu esikanye nabo, abantu abafana nathi abanothando, abathandanayo, izidingo, izifiso, amathemba, amaphupho abangcwele, kanye nobunzima nokuhlupheka okungapheli. Kuphinde kubhekiselwe kolunye uhlangothi lwezindonga zejele. Lezi ziboshwa zikhombisa ukukukhathalela ukuhlupheka ukuboshwa okubangela imindeni yazo, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane nabazali asebekhulile. Uma kubhekwa ukusondelana kwemindeni yasePalestine kuqinisekile ukuthi labo ababoshiwe bazophuthelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukuvalelwa kwabo kuvela ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwabo emzabalazweni ongcwele kuwo wonke amaPalestine. Ukwenziwa kobuntu okunjalo kweziboshwa zasePalestine akungabazeki ukuthi akunangqondo kubantu basePalestine abahlala ngaphansi kwesandla noma emakamu ababaleki lapho ukuboshwa, okufana nokuthumba okugunyazwe umbuso kwenziwa nsuku zonke ngamasosha akwa-Israel. Kuyisici esidabukisayo somsebenzi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45 yokusebenza akukho mndeni wasePalestina oshiywe ungakaze uthintwe ubugebengu base-Israel bazo zonke izinhlobo zokumelana, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingenalo ubudlova nezingokomfanekiso.
Sidinga umbono obanzi wesimilo, wezomthetho, kanye nezepolitiki ukuze sibambe kahle lesi sigameko seziboshwa zasePalestine. I akukho emthethweni izinqubomgomo zokuhlala kwa-Israel azijeziswa ngisho noma ziyingozi futhi ziphula ngokusobala umthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi azivamile ukugxekwa ngokusemthethweni ezinkundleni zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokungqubuzanayo Kusemthethweni izinhlobo zokumelana nabantu basePalestine zijeziswa kanzima, futhi umphumela wokuhlukunyezwa kwalabo abanesibindi sokumelana nawo akunakwa cishe yonke indawo. Uma sisekela labo abaphikisayo, njengoba kwenziwa ngesikhathi IMpi Yezwe II lapho labo bantu baseYurophu begibela izindlela zokulwa nokuhlasela kweJalimane kanye nemikhuba yobugebengu, sidumisa izenzo zabo nomzabalazo wabo. Kodwa uma umhlali ejabulela ubumbano lwethu oluyisisekelo sivame ukwenza kube yicala ukumelana ngaphandle kokubonisa uzwela. Ngokwezinga elithile, le ncwadi inqamula kule myopia engokwengqondo, futhi isivumela ukuba sizwe ukuhlukunyezwa kwalezi ziboshwa njengabantu kunokuba 'njengamasosha' asePalestina emzabalazweni oqhubekayo wokulwa no-Israyeli.
Ngonyaka odlule, abagadli abalambile basePalestine, ekuqaleni u-Khader Adnan kanye Hana Shalabi, benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze babonise isimilo esihlukumezayo sokuboshwa kuka-Israyeli ngobudlova obesabekayo phakathi nobusuku okwalandelwa ukuboshwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubeka amacala noma ukuqulwa kwamacala. Isinyathelo sakwa-Israyeli ekuboshweni kokuphatha kwenzeka ngisho nasezimeni lapho umuntu oboshiwe engazange enze izinto ezingase zibhekwe kude njengeziyingozi zokuphepha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi naphezu kokuthi abagadli bendlala bebeka izimpilo zabo engcupheni enkulu ukuphikisana nokuziphatha okungenabuntu kwe-Israel endimeni yayo njengombuso ophethe, umhlaba uyenqaba ukunaka ngisho nalabo abalamba, okuyinto eshaqisayo naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka yezinkulumo amaPalestine ukuthi alahle ukumelana nezikhali, futhi ahlanganyele ezinhlotsheni ezingenabudlova, futhi uma benza kanjalo, bazothola ukwesekwa kwezepolitiki ezikhalweni zabo ngisho nakuhulumeni abambisene no-Israyeli, kubandakanya I-united states. Kuze kube manje ubufakazi buphakamisa iphethini embi kakhulu: lapho abantu basePalestine benqaba ngendlela yomzabalazo wezikhali, izenzo zabo ziyagxekwa futhi izikhalo zabo azinakwa, kuyilapho lapho bephikisa ngokungenabudlova, izenzo zabo nezikhalo zabo azinakwa. Okubi nakakhulu, ngenkathi lokhu kuguquguquka kumaqhinga asePalestine kwenzeka eminyakeni yamuva nje, inqubo yokuphatha yakwa-Israel ihamba kancane kuze kube manje ngoNdasa wezi-2013, umfelandawonye wakamuva ophethe e-Tel Aviv uthambekele ezizweni. Umculo wangemuva wamazwe ngamazwe awushintshile, futhi iWashington ayilahlekelwa ithuba lokukhalisa amacilongo ngenkathi imemezela ubuqotho bayo obungenamibandela futhi obungapheli kwa-Israyeli, ishaya sengathi ayiboni ukwephulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemizamo yamabomu yokwenza isixazululo sezifundazwe ezimbili ibe iphupho izolo, iphupho elibi lanamuhla. .
Ukukhathazeka kwalezi ziboshwa ngesiphetho sesiboshwa esisodwa sakwa-Israel ngaleso sikhathi, uGilad Shalit, kwakuyinto emangalisayo kimina, nakuba kuqondakala. Kungani, amaPalestine azibuza, ingabe umhlaba wenza umsindo ongaka ngo-Israel oyedwa ogcinwe eGaza ngemuva kokuthunjwa ngesikhathi somkhankaso wezempi, futhi anganaki isiphetho sezinkulungwane eziningi zamaPalestina eziboshwe unyaka nonyaka ngoba zilwela impi. inkululeko yezwe labo? Uma usucatshangelwe, umbuzo onjalo ungokwemvelo, futhi lapho usubuzwa, ukubonakaliswa okunyantisayo kwezindinganiso ezimbaxa-mbili kubonakala kusobala. Kepha futhi kukhona ukwazisa okuphambene nokubaluleka kukaShalit ovezwe, okubonayo ukuthi isivumelwano sika-Okthoba 2011 sokukhulula iziboshwa zasePalestine eziyi-1,027 ngabe akwenzekanga ukube uShalit akazange abanjwe. Ngalo mqondo, amaPalestine ekuqopheni imizwa yawo ayabona ukuthi inkululeko yabo yenziwe yaba nokwenzeka ngoba iHamas iphumelele ukuthumba nokubamba uShalit. Lokhu kwakungeyona impumelelo encane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okukhulu kuka-Israel eGaza ngo-2008-09, i-Operation Cast Lead, abaphathi be-IDF batshele amasosha abo ukuthi lolu dlame seludalulwe ukuze kukhululwe uShalit. Ukube i-Hamas ivumele u-Shalit ukuba akhululeke noma abulawe emsebenzini, ngabe azikho izingxoxo zokukhululwa kweziboshwa zasePalestine. Kulula kanjalo. Yiqiniso, akulula. Abaningi balabo abakhululwa ngokushesha baphinde baboshwa u-Israyeli, kwaphinde kwalulaza ngisho nokuthembana okuncane phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili, futhi kwaphinde kwabonisa ukuthi u-Israyeli angakwazi ukweqa izibopho zomthetho nezokuziphatha ngaphandle kokubhekana nemiphumela emibi, isingathekiso sokuklinywa ngokuphelele komsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le mibhalo cishe kuwo wonke amakhasi iqinisekisa ukuthi iqoqo elihle kakhulu lamaPalestine abalulekile emphakathini/angasese. sumud noma ukuqina. Imibukiso enjalo yesibindi ihlazisa ngokungaqondile thina esihlupheka kancane noma esingahlupheki nhlobo, kodwa sizithole sidangele futhi sidangele ngenxa yezinkinga zomhlaba kangangokuthi sihoxa ekuxoxisaneni nomphakathi siye ezindaweni zokunethezeka zezindawo zokubalekela. Lezi ziboshwa azinayo inketho enjalo, zigcina ukuzibophezela kwazo emzabalazweni wasePalestine ngaphansi kwezimo ezimnyama, ezinikezwe ukuchitha iminyaka yazo enzima kakhulu zivalelwe noma zizungezwe izindonga zejele eziwugwadule. Singazibuza ukuthi isibindi esinjalo sivelaphi? Ayikho impendulo eqondile evamile. Nokho okuvezwa kulawa makhasi edayari yizibopho ezijulile ezisekelwe othandweni nomndeni kanye nezwe lakubo njengoba ziqiniswa ukholo nemikhuba yenkolo futhi zisekelwa ubungane basejele noma ukusabela okubuhlungu emoyeni odelelayo wokubekezelela impilo yasejele unyaka nonyaka.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi kunokwephula umthetho okungenangqondo nokusobala mayelana nalolu xhaxha lwamajele akwa-Israel, wonke ngaphandle kweyodwa kwayi-19 atholakala kwa-Israel, ngokwephula ngokuqondile iSigaba 76 seNgqungquthela Yesine ye-Geneva elawula ukusebenza kobudlova: โAbantu abavikelwe abasolwa amacala azogcinwa ezweni elihlanjiwe, futhi uma belahlwa bazosebenza kulo." Isisekelo esinjalo somthetho siwukuthambekela kobuntu: ukuphoqa umuntu ukuthi aboshwe ezweni elihlalayo kubeka ukwehlukana ngokwendawo nomndeni kanye nezwe lakubo, okuyinto endabeni yakwa-Israel igcizelelwe uhlelo lwezimvume oluthi njengendaba engokoqobo ivakashelwe emndenini. yathatha iPalestine into engenakwenzeka. Mayelana neziboshwa ezivela eGaza, cishe akukho ukuvakashela ejele okuvunyelwe noma ngabe izigwebo zingamashumi eminyaka noma impilo yonke. Njengoba kwaziwa kabanzi, abantu baseGaza bebengaphansi kokuvinjwa okuyisijeziso okugcinwe kusukela maphakathi no-2007 okubandakanya ukujeziswa okukhulu kwezakhamuzi, ubugebengu bempi obucaciswe ku-Article 33 ye-Fourth Geneva Convention.
Isihluku sika-Israyeli eziboshweni zasePalestine sigcizelelwa umkhuba wawo wakamuva wokudedela abagadli abalambele eWest Bank emnyango wokufa, bese ebadingisa isikhathi seminyaka eGaza, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokufinyelela emindenini nasezindaweni ezijwayelekile zokuhlala, ngesikhathi lapho. isimo sabo somzimba siwohloka kangangokuthi abakwazanga ukuba yingozi yezokuphepha nalapho iningi lidinga ukukhuliswa kanye nendawo ebazungezile. U-Hana Shalabi, owayesondelene kakhulu nomndeni wakhe, wadingiselwa eGaza iminyaka emithathu nezinsuku ezimbalwa ezedlule. U-Ayman Sharawneh naye wadingiswa ezweni iminyaka eyishumi njengengxenye yesicelo sokuxoxisana. Umkhuba onjalo oshaqisayo ufanelwe ukulahlwa emhlabeni wonke. Kubandakanya olunye uhlobo lwesijeziso esihlangene esinikezwa kokubili kumuntu ovalelwe eGaza kanye nomndeni wakhe ongavunyelwe ukusuka eWest Bank ukuya eGaza. Kukhona ukuhlanekezela okuphindwe kathathu ngalo mkhuba wokukhululwa kweziboshwa: IGaza ngokwayo ijele elivulekile futhi lisebenzela u-Israyeli njengendawo yokudingiselwa ngaphakathi okujezisayo, futhi lenza umehluko phakathi 'kwejele' kanye 'nenkululeko' ucishe unyamalale emoyeni omncane. Umuntu angacabanga nje inhlangano yombhikisho yomhlaba wonke ukube i-Hamas ibimise ukukhululwa kuka-Gilad Shalit ekuboshweni kwakhe esifundeni esilawulwa yiSalafi eGibhithe!
Le ndlela yokuboshwa ngokungemthetho kanye nokudingiswa ngokungafanele kuphinde kuphazamise ukulungiselelwa kokumelwa okwanele kwezokuvikela njengoba abameli basePalestine nabo behlangabezana nobunzima obujwayelekile ekutholeni izimvume namalungelo okuvakasha. Isigaba 76 sidinga futhi ukuthi izimo zasejele zalabo abahlala ngaphansi kwesimo akufanele zibe zimbi kakhulu kuneziboshwa zakwa-Israel kwa-Israel, okwenza ukungavunyelwa kanye nokuvimbela ukuvakashela imindeni kwabantu basePalestine kube ngokungekho emthethweni, kanye nonya.
Kuya ngokusobala ukuthi umthetho wosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe uyahluleka uma kuziwa ekunikezeni isivikelo esifanelekile kubantu basePalestine abebehlala ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa kusukela ngo-1967, okungapheli. Akuwona umsebenzi kuphela, kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokungenela eye yathatha uhlamvu lwe-annexation ye-de facto ngendlela enkulu yokuxazulula. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, futhi kunikezwe ilungelo elingenakuphikwa lokuzibusa okungelabantu basePalestine, kukhona ukuvikeleka okuthile kwamalungelo okumelana. Lawa malungelo adinga ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ehlonipha ukungabi nacala kwabantu, kodwa izinkinga zokuhlonza zivezwa mayelana nezifiki zakwa-Israel ezihlomile nezinodlame. Yiqiniso, labo abaphikisayo abazona iziboshwa zempi, ezivikelwe Ingqungquthela Yesithathu Yase-Geneva, kodwa basebenza ukuze bafeze amalungelo ayisisekelo aphulwa yilabo abathatha umhlaba wabo futhi bahlale ekwahluleleni lapho benza ukuzivikela. Okudingekayo, ngaphezu kwakho konke ukungabaza, ikhodi yokuziphatha, uma kungeyona iphrothokholi eyengeziwe eMihlanganweni Yase-Geneva, egcwalisa leli gebe elihambisana nokuphikiswa. Abaphikisi kufanele baphathwe ngesithunzi esifanayo ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu njengoba uhlotshaniswa neziboshwa Zempi. Izenzo zabo, ngisho noma zinobudlova, zihambisana nezindinganiso ezikhona zomphakathi nempucuko, futhi abenzi bobubi, ngisho nalapho bevalelwe ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha ezifanele, kufanele baphathwe ngesithunzi esifanele. Ngokungafani nababulali abavamile bezenhlalo, abadlwenguli, nokunye okunjalo (futhi nabo kufanele baphathwe ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe), izenzo zeziboshwa zasePalestine zibhekwa njengobuqhawe emphakathini wazo namasiko ezombusazwe, kanye nabantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. . Bafanelwe ukuhlonishwa nokuvikelwa emhlabeni wonke. 'Amacala' abo azogcina eqinisekiswe umlando njengengxenye yesahluko sokugcina somzabalazo wokulwa nokubuswa kwamakoloni ase-Europe.
Ngikholwa ukuthi kuyisibopho sokuziphatha kwethu sonke esikhathalela amalungelo abantu nenkululeko ukufunda le ncwadi, futhi sabelane ngayo nabanye. Abantu basePalestine, amalungelo kanye nesithunzi sabo osekunesikhathi eside kunyathelwa phansi, ikakhulukazi bafanelwe uzwela lwethu olujulile, kanye nobumbano lwethu emzabalazweni wabo. Ukufunda amazwi alezi ziboshwa kudalula ngokusobala uhlobo lomzabalazo onjalo ngendlela yokufakaza yilabo bantu basePalestine ababeke ukuphila kwabo engozini ukuze bathole izwe labo elintshontshiwe. Sikweleta futhi ukubonga ku-Norma Hashim ohlele leli qoqo njengomsebenzi wokuzinikela kanye nokukhombisa ubumbano kanye nokuzindla ngomzabalazo wasePalestine. Ukushicilelwa kwayo kusesimweni sencwadi kuhlelwe ukuthi kuhambisane noSuku Lweziboshwa ZasePalestine, mhla ziyi-17 kuMbasa.th.
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