I-Arizona inezinye zezinhlawulo ezinzima kakhulu zokudayisa ngomzimba e-US. Ngisho noMnyango Wamaphoyisa asePhoenix kanye nehhovisi loMmeli Wesifunda bayasibona isidingo soshintsho. I-Project ROSE (Ukufinyelela Ekuxhashazweni Ngokocansi), ukusebenzisana okusha phakathi kwamaphoyisa, abashushisi kanye ne-University of Arizona's School of Social Work ehlonishwa njengomzamo wokunikeza enye indlela. Nokho, ngemva kokuchitha izinsuku ezimbili ne-Project ROSE, ngathola abaningi balabo abathintwe yile mithetho banomuzwa wokuthi lolu shintsho olusezingeni eliphezulu alwenzi mehluko omncane.
I-Arizona ingenye ye idlanzana lezifundazwe ezibeka ubuncane obuyisibopho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobugebengu ngokudayisa ngocansi. Labo abatholwe benecala okokuqala badonsa izinsuku ezingu-15 ejele kungekho sizathu sokuvivinywa noma ukukhululwa ngeshwele. I-4th ukugwetshwa kwecala kukhuphukela ezingeni lecala elizenzakalelayo kanye nobuncane bezinsuku eziyi-180. โSengisebenze ngalezi zinkinga iminyaka engaphezu kuka-20,โ kusho UPenelope Saunders, ummeli wokuguqulwa kwezinqubomgomo ezihlobene nomsebenzi wocansi kanye umqondisi we-Best Practices Policy Project. โNgike ngaba umuntu onciphisa ingozi, ngaba ngumhlinzeki wesevisi, ngaba umcwaningi, futhi bengingazi nokuthi abantu baboshwe ngezinga elingakanani lapha e-Arizona ngamacala ahlobene nokudayisa ngomzimba.โ
Kodwa-ke, idolobha lasePhoenix libe nohlelo lokuguqula izincwadi kusukela ngo-1997. Ekugwetshweni kwabo kokuqala benecala lokudayisa ngomzimba, abantu banikezwa ithuba lokuzikhethela ukwenza izifundo ngohlelo olunikezwa izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi zamaKhatholika esikhundleni sejele. Uma beqeda uhlelo, ngeke babe nomuzwa wokuthi amarekhodi abo.
I-Project ROSE, eyaqalwa ngo-2011, iletha okusha: labo ababoshiwe balethwa ngqo endaweni enikelwe ngayo esontweni kunokuba bayiswe ejele noma babonane nejaji. Lapho sebefikile, bahlangana nabameleli bamaphoyisa nabashushisi futhi uma bevuma ukuhlala, bahlangana nezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle futhi bacelwe ukuba bathathe uhlelo oluthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa olunikezwa izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi zamaKatolika.
Cishe u-10% walabo ababoshwa futhi balethwa ku-Project ROSE abafanelekeli noma yiluphi usizo - ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi banencwadi egunyaza ukubaleka noma ukugwetshwa okuningi kakhulu. Labo bantu bakhishwe ngozankosi bayiswe ejele. Kulabo abasele nabakhetha ukuthatha uhlelo lokuphambukisa, cishe u-30% uluqedile, futhi cishe u-10% uboshiwe futhi phakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Lawa maphesenti okuphothulwa nawokuphinde aboshwe acishe afane nalawo ngaphandle kwe-Project ROSE, okubhebhezela izikhalazo ezivela kubameli zokuthi i-Project ROSE ayinikezi uguquko lwangempela.
Kwabaningi, ukungabi nabulungisa kohlelo lwase-Arizona kwabonakala ngokufa kwengane eneminyaka engu-48 ubudala. owesifazane ogama lakhe linguMarcia Powell. UPowell wayengum owesifazane ompofu onezinkinga zempilo yengqondo obesegwetshwe izikhathi eziningi ngokutholakala nezidakamizwa nokudayisa ngomzimba. Ngo-2008, ukunikeza iphoyisa ucansi lomlomo ngo-$20 kwamtholela isigwebo sezinyanga ezingama-27 ejele lasePerryville, ngaphandle nje kwasePhoenix. Omunye phakathi, wabekwa ewashini lokuzibulala. Kodwa esikhundleni sokuthi amqaphe ngeso lokhozi, izikhulu eziqondisa izigwegwe zambeka ekhejini elangeni elishisayo cishe amahora amane ngosuku oluyi-107 degree. U-Powell washona, kwathi abasebenzi abayishumi nesithupha bagcina bexoshiwe noma baqondiswa izigwegwe.
Umbiko ovela eMnyangweni Wezokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo wase-Arizona watusa amacala okubulala budedengu okungenani abekwe amaphoyisa ayisikhombisa, kodwa ummeli wesifunda wenqabile ukuqhubeka namacala. โUma umuntu oyedwa ebhekane nalokho uMarcia Powell abhekane nakho, kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi, abaningi ababoshiwe e-Arizona nabo basengozini,โ kusho uSaunders, oveza ukuthi uPowell, njengabesifazane abaningi abasemaphethelweni omphakathi, ubengeke afanelekele ukuhola. usizo olunikezwa ku-Project ROSE. โIjele akuyona indawo ephephile kubantu besifazane. Impilo yakho izoba yimbi ngenkathi usejele. Awugcinwa uphephile. Udlame lungaqhutshwa kuwe. Ungalahlekelwa ukuphila kwakho. UMarcia Powell ugwetshwe izinyanga ezingu-27 ejele lasePerryville ngokudayisa ngomzimba. Kodwa empeleni kwakuyisigwebo sentambo.โ
Olunye udaba oluthinta abameli bezomthetho: labo ababoshwa futhi bayiswe ku-Project ROSE abavunyelwe ukubonisana nommeli. UMonica Jones, owayedayisa ngomzimba owaboshwa futhi walethwa e-Project ROSE, utshele amaphoyisa ukuthi umsulwa wabe esecela ukubonana nommeli. Uthi watshelwa ukuthi ummeli angakhuluma naye umshushisi kuphela. Ngabuza uJohn Tutelman, umphathi wehhovisi elikhokhisa ihhovisi lomshushisi wasePhoenix, ukuthi kungani abameli bezokuvikela bengavunyelwe. โSikucabangile lokho,โ esho kimi. โKodwa lokhu akulona uhlelo olusemthethweni. Unelungelo lokuthola ummeli ukuthi akuvikele uma kuyinqubo yezomthetho.โ UTutelman wengeze ngokuthi, โAbesifazane ababoshiwe. Bangene bakhulume namaphoyisa ekamelweni lamaphoyisa lapha. Futhi babanikeza ulwazi oluningi. Futhi akungenxa yokuthi beboshiwe noma baphoqelekile nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthi bakwenze ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba nje singabaphoqeleli njengabashushisi. "
Isimo sikaTutelman sokuthi abesifazane ababoshiwe asizange sihambisane neqiniso engangilibone ngami labesifazane ababeboshwe ozankosi. Ngimbuzile ukuthi kwenzekani uma amaphoyisa efaka laba besifazane emotweni ebatshela ukuthi beza eProject ROSE. Uma owesifazane ebuza ukuthi uboshiwe, azothini amaphoyisa? โBaboshiwe,โ kuvuma uTutelman. โKodwa uma iphoyisa libopha umuntu, asikho isidingo sokuthi abhadle ejele. Futhi empeleni, yilokho abakwenzayo. " Abameli engikhulume nabo bebuza ukuthi ingabe labo ababoshiwe futhi benqatshelwa ukuba abameli โabaphoqelekileโ ngempela ukukhuluma nezikhulu nabashushisi.
I-Project ROSE ibandakanya izikhulu eziyi-100 noma ngaphezulu ezibambe iqhaza ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi. Kubasunguli, inani elikhulu lezikhulu ezithintekayo liyingxenye yesikhalazo. Kodwa abameli bathi lokhu kuyingxenye yenkinga. Ukuhlelwa kwakamuva kujenali yomsebenzi wezenhlalakahle ubuze izimiso zokuziphatha zeProject ROSE ngenxa yalokhu kubambisana. "Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle kufanele bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokungenelela komsebenzi wezenhlalakahle okubhekiswe kubantu abathile ukuze baboshwe njengendlela yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo," kubhala uStรฉphanie Wahab noMeg Panichelli. "Sikholelwa ukuthi ukukhomba abantu ukuze baboshwe ngaphansi kwesibhaxu sokubasiza kwephula izindinganiso eziningi zokuziphatha kanye nobuntu babantu abahileleke embonini yocansi."
โI-Project Rose ibonakala ifiphaza imingcele phakathi kokuxhumanisa abantu nezinkonzo zezenhlalakahle nokubabopha,โ kuvuma uSaunders. โFuthi njengoba a umonakalo ukunciphisa, kuyangikhathaza lokho. Uma sixhumanisa abantu nezinsiza, kufanele banikezwe mahhala. Akekho okufanele aphoqwe ukuthi ahlanganyele ohlelweni. Kunezizathu zokuthi noma sisiza umuntu oyedwa kuphela, noma abantu abayi-10, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abo bonke abanye abantu kuyakufanelekela. Futhi ngingasho ukuthi lokho kuyi-dichotomy engamanga. "
Izishoshovu ezivela Iphrojekthi Yokufinyelela Yabasebenzi Bocansi yasePHOENIX babhikishele i-Project ROSE, benza nokufinyelela emgwaqeni ezinsukwini ezandulela ukugasela, behlinzeka ngocansi oluphephile nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, baphinde baxwayise abantu ngokugasela. "Ngokubuka bonke abathengisa ngomzimba njengezisulu, bese bephuma babavuse ngokusebenzisa amaphoyisa, anodlame futhi ahlukumezayo, kubonakala kuphambene kakhulu," kusho uJaclyn Moskal-Dairman, ivolontiya lenhlangano. โIndlela abenza ngayo ayinakho ukuhlaziya okucashile mayelana nezimpilo zalaba besifazane. Isibonelo, uma bengisebenza futhi ngiphuma emgwaqweni futhi ngitshelwe ukuthi angikwazi ukusebenza, ngangingeke ngikwazi ukukhokhela izinto eziyisisekelo noma ngeke ngikwazi ukuya esikoleni, noma ukunakekela izingane zami, noma unakekele izingane.โ
U-Dominique Roe-Sepowitz, uProfesa Ohlangene e-University of Arizona's School of Social Work kanye nomsunguli wohlelo, uvikela ngokuqinile i-Project ROSE. Uthi cishe bonke abantu ababona kulo msebenzi bayizisulu ezidinga ukuhlengwa. โUma usudayisa ngomzimba awukwazi ukudayisa ngomzimba. Uhlale ukhonjwa, ngisho uwedwa kanjalo,โ kusho yena. Ukuba nezitho eziningi zomzimba ezithweni zakho zomzimba, ukuba noketshezi oluningi lomzimba eduze kwakho nokwenza izinto ezixakile nezixakayo kuyonakalisa ngempela imibono yakho yokuthi ubuhlobo bubukeka kanjani, nokusondelana.โ
UMonica Jones, odlule kulolu hlelo futhi oyilungu le-SWOP, uthola lesi simo sengqondo sinokwahlulela ngokweqile. Uthi: โBaphoqelela ukuziphatha kwabo kuwe. โAkubasizi abesifazane abangomama abangabodwa nabazama ukwenza imali. Akusizi itshitshi elibalekile. Akumsizi umuntu ukuthi azenzele imali.โ Ngesikhathi uJones edlula ohlelweni lokudayisa ngomzimba olunikezwa eProject ROSE, uthi uxoshwe ngenxa yemibono yakhe. Izishoshovu ze-SWOP zikholelwa lokho ekuboshweni kwakhe kwakamuva uJones wayeqondiswe ngoba engowesifazane oshintshe ubulili. Ukuboshwa kwakhe ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ebhikisha i-Project ROSE nakho sekusolise ngezizathu zokuboshwa kwakhe.
UJones ubhekene necala โlokuvezaโ ubufebe. Umthetho wedolobha lasePhoenix ivumela amaphoyisa ukuthi abophe abantu abasola ngokudayisa ngomzimba, ngisho noma bengalunikezi ucansi ukuze bathole imali. Ubufakazi bungahlanganisa lokho abakugqokile, ukuthi bakuyiphi indawo, ngisho nokubuza othile ukuthi uyiphoyisa noma uzama โukuhileleka umuntu odlulayo engxoxweni.โ
Kuzwelonke, sekunoshintsho ekuboneni abesifazane abathintekayo ekuhwebeni ngocansi njengezisulu, kunokuba babe yizigebengu. Ezimayelana Nomphakathi imikhankaso yosaziwayo abafana no-Ashton Kutcher, kanye nokwenyuka kwezimali zikahulumeni ezikhuthaza ukuqiniswa komthetho ukuthi kuqhubeke ngemuva kokuthi "abashushumbisi bocansi" bebhebhethekise umfutho wezinguquko. Kodwa izishoshovu zithi umphumela ube wukuphatha bonke abantu besifazane abahweba njengezisulu. Izinhlangano ezifana neSex Workers Outreach Project, iningi labo elakhiwe ngabahwebi bamanje nabake basebenza ngocansi, bathi uhlaka lokuhlukunyezwa alunaki okuhlangenwe nakho kwabesifazane abakhetha ukudayisa ngocansi bese bephuca inkululeko yabo. A ucwaningo lwabahwebi ngocansi yi-Young Womenโs Empowerment Project eChicago uthole ukuthi udlame nokuhlukunyezwa ngamaphoyisa yingozi enkulu ebikwa yilabo abasebhizinisini. U-32% wabaphenduli babike udlame noma ukuhlukunyezwa okuvela emaphoyiseni, okuhlanganisa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kuyilapho u-4% kuphela obike udlame oluvela kuma-pimps. Baphetha ngokuthi usongo olukhulu kwakungewona umsebenzi ngokwawo, kodwa umoya owadalwa ngokuwenza ungabi semthethweni.
Lolo hlobo lwedatha lukwenza kucace ukuthi kungani abameli benjalo ukungathembeki ezinhlelweni ezifana neProject ROSE ezithembele emaphoyiseni. Ezinsukwini ezimbili eProject ROSE, ngabuka inqwaba yabesifazane ababeboshwe izandla beholwa ngamaphoyisa. Kwabonakala kuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu. โKunobutha lokhu. Yimina lo engithunjwayo,โ kusho omunye wesifazane engimbone ngesikhathi ethatha i-Project ROSE.
ULieutenant Gallagher, umakadebona oneminyaka engu-18 womnyango wamaphoyisa ePhoenix ubona wonke umuntu odayisa ngomzimba njengesisulu sokushushumbiswa. โEsikutholile ngophenyo lwethu, ngezingxoxo kanye nokuxhumana kwethu nezisulu zale nkinga ukuthi wonke umuntu ushushumbiswa ngokuthile,โ usho kanje. โIsikhathi esiningi bashushumbiswa ngumuntu oyimpimpi. Kwesinye isikhathi bashushumbiswa ngenxa yesidingo sezomnotho noma, uyazi, isidingo sokuhlangana nabantu, noma banengane okufanele bayondle.โ
Nakuba ebona abesifazane njengezisulu, uGallagher ukholelwa nokuthi ukuboshwa kuyithuluzi elibalulekile. โKumele niphule le migoqo abashushumbisi abayibeka kulaba besifazane, ukuze balahle impilo yabo evamile. Sebezile ukuzolungisa okungajwayelekile.โ
Akumangalisi ukuthi uSaunders akavumi. Uthi: โUkushushumbiswa kwabantu akufani nomsebenzi wocansi. โUkushushumbiswa kwabantu kuwukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu okungenzeka kunoma yimuphi umkhakha. Kungenzeka kwezolimo, kungenzeka emsebenzini wasekhaya, kungenzeka ezindaweni zokudlela. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Project Rose ayikukhulumi kahle lokhu ngokuthi ukubopha abantu abenza umsebenzi wocansi kunoma yiliphi izinga kuyisinyathelo sokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu. Cha, ukubopha abantu abenza ucansi kuwukubopha abantu abenza ucansi.โ
Omunye wesifazane engahlangana naye emuva kokuboshwa, uCicee (ongicele ukuthi ngingalidaluli igama lakhe langempela), uboshwe kathathu kulo nyaka. Entwasahlobo, uqedele uhlelo lokuphambukisa olunikezwa nge-Project ROSE, ngakho akasafaneleki futhi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lokhu kuboshwa kuzomlethela isikhathi ejele. Wayecabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokuzijabulisa luyinto enhle, kodwa ukuyenga kwemali kwenza ucansi lusebenze kanzima ukuze alushiye. โUma othile ekunikeza amarandi angu-200 futhi ethi โasihambe siye ocansini,โ ufana nje, oh wow. Uyazi ukuthi yini ongayenza emizuzwini eyi-10, eyi-15 ukuqhumisa inati nomuntu, ungathola ama-randi angama-200. Kungathi wow, bengikwenza impilo yami yonke mahhala. Kulula kakhulu ukwenza umuntu eze. Umuntu angakubuka amabele akho bese efika nje, uzothola amarandi angama-200.โ
U-Cacee usezamile eminye imisebenzi, futhi ubeyingcweti kuyo. โNgangingumsizi womphathi kaDenny wawo wonke amaseva, futhi ngangiwumqeqeshi wawo wonke amaseva,โ usho kanje. โNgaze ngasebenza kwaMcDonalds. Ngenze umsebenzi we-CNA, ngike ngaba kuyo yonke imikhakha ongaba kuyona. Kodwa njengomama ongayedwana, angikaze ngifune ukuzabalaza.โ
Kodwa uCicee wathola umsebenzi wocansi unikeza ukuzinza ayengakutholi komunye umsebenzi. โNgesikhathi ngidlula kwiProject Rose, ngangixoshwa, ngixoshwa ezindaweni eziningi,โ kuchaza uCacee. โNgangingenayo imali yokuqasha ngoba ngangenza okuningi, uyazi, ngizama ukuba muhle ngibe nomsebenzi futhi ngingahlali ngaphandle.โ
Ulwazi lokubhekana ne-Project ROSE lwenza u-Cacee wafuna ukuqala uhlelo lwakhe, olwaluzohlinzeka ngezindlu zamahhala kwabesifazane ababedinga ukusekelwa, futhi angahluleli kakhulu kunezindawo zokukhosela nezinye izinkonzo ezikhona manje. โNoma iyiphi indawo efana naleyo kufanele ivulekele noma ngubani,โ kusho yena. โWamukela bonke abantu njengalokhu abayikho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benzeni, kufanele bonke bakwazi ukuba nekhaya.โ
Jordan Flaherty ungumkhiqizi wezindaba ze-TV e- Al Jazeera America nombhali we IZIkhukhula: Umphakathi kanye Nokumelana kusuka eKatrina kuya kuJena Six.
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