Imithombo yezindaba yezinkampani yehlulekile eNew Orleans ngaphambi nangemva kweSiphepho uKatrina, futhi iyahluleka futhi manje. Umnotho wedolobha kanye nenani labantu liyakhula, kodwa kubahlali abampofu kakhulu, ukuphila kuye kwaba nzima. Njengoba abezindaba kazwelonke behlele eNew Orleans, izindaba zalabo abaqhubeka nokuzabalaza ukuze baphile zishiywe ngaphandle.
Indaba yobandlululo oluhlelekile oluqala kudala ngaphambi kwesivunguvungu, amashumi eminyaka ezintatheli ezimhlophe zingazinaki izindaba ezihlelekile ezikhungethe idolobha: izikole zomphakathi ezingaxhaswa ngemali, izindlu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omnotho, kanye nomnyango wamaphoyisa owonakele. Ngaphandle kokunye okuphawulekayo, abezindaba baze bashaya indiva isibopho sombuso mayelana nezikhukhula zangemva kwesiphepho, bethi idolobha libhekane nenhlekelele yemvelo, hhayi eyenziwe ngumuntu.
Nakuba iSiphepho uKatrina safinyelela eSigabeni Sesihlanu emanzini afudumele eGulf, imimoya eyashaya iNew Orleans yehlele eSigabeni Sesibili. Kodwa naphezu kokudinga kuphela ukuvikela esivunguvungwini esibuthakathaka kakhulu kunalokho okwakubikezelwe, futhi naphezu kwezinyathelo ezakhiwe yi-US Army Corps of Engineers ukuze zimelane nesiphepho seSigaba Sesithathu, uhlelo lokuvikela lukahulumeni lwehlulekile kwathi amaphesenti angama-80 edolobha agcwala izikhukhula.
Zahamba izinsuku, futhi njengoba umhlaba wawubona abantu beshiywe ophahleni lwezindlu nasesikhungweni se-superdome nesomhlangano, kwakungekho mpumuzo nokuhlenga.
Ekuqaleni, abantu emhlabeni wonke babenozwela kubantu baseNew Orleans, njengoba babebuka imindeni elahliwe futhi ihlupheka ezweni elicebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwashintsha, futhi abantu baseNew Orleans babizwa ngokuthi "abaphangi" kanye "nama-tsotsi". I-Associated Press ikhiphe isithombe sensizwa ihamba emanzini afika okhalweni iphethe ukudla ezandleni zayo phezu kwamagama-ncazo ayibiza ngesigebengu, kanti ezinye izithombe zocingo zichaza abamhlophe abasinde ngokuthi โbatholeโ ukudla.
UMbusi uKathleen Blanco ubize isithangami sabezindaba ethi ubize amasosha ukuthi angahlengi kodwa ahlasele. "Zine-M-16s, futhi zikhiyiwe futhi zilayishiwe ... La masosha ayakwazi ukudubula nokubulala, futhi azimisele kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo uma kunesidingo, futhi ngilindele ukuthi azokwazi." Isikhulu sesibili somnyango wethu wamaphoyisa kubikwa ukuthi utshele isixuku samaphoyisa ukuthi abulale ngokuthanda kwakhe, wengeza ngokuthi, "Uma ukwazi ukulala nakho, kwenze." Amaphoyisa abulale okungenani izakhamuzi ezine eziMnyama ezingahlomile ngalezo zinsuku ngemuva kwesiphepho, kanti iziqaphile ezimhlophe ezihlomile nazo zazizulazula emigwaqweni, zidubula ngokuthanda kwazo.
Iphephandaba lethu lansuku zonke, kamuva elazuza uMklomelo wePulitzer ngombiko walo, alizange lilushaye indiva udlame lombuso olubhekiswe kwabasindile. Eqinisweni, u-Alex Brandon, umthwebuli wezithombe wephephandaba i-New Orleans Times-Picayune kamuva owasebenzela i-Associated Press, waphoqeleka ukuba avume phakathi necala eminyakeni edlule ukuthi wayazi imininingwane yokubulawa kwamaphoyisa angazange adalule. OwayenguMmeli Wesifunda Sesifunda sase-Orleans u-Eddie Jordan wangitshela ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi wayebona abezindaba besondelene kakhulu namaphoyisa. โBebefuna amaqhawe,โ usho kanje. โBebenobudlelwano obuhle namaphoyisa. Bathola amathiphu emaphoyiseni; basembhedeni namaphoyisa. Bekuwumoya wokubekezelela izenzo zonya ezenziwa amaphoyisa. Bawubekile umthwalo wabo wemfanelo wokugxeka lapho bebika. Uma kubulawa abantu abambalwa lokho bekuyinani elincane okufanele silikhokhe.โ
Iningi lamagumbi ezindaba ase-US lalimhlophe qwa kuze kube ngama-1950s. Izintatheli eziningi eziNsundu ezaziqashwe ngaleso sikhathi zingasho isiphithiphithi esandulela ukuqashwa kwazo, njengoba abahleli babona ukuthi badinga abasebenzi ababengabika ngokuthembekile imiphakathi yabaNsundu. Kodwa eNew Orleans, okwakucishe kube amaphesenti angama-70 abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika ngo-2005, iphephandaba lansuku zonke lalisenedlanzana lezintatheli ezinombala. Ezweni lonke, amaphephandaba amaningi asalokhu ephethwe ngabamhlophe njengenkathi yangaphambi kwamalungelo omphakathi. Ubunikazi akubona kuphela okuguquguqukayo kokuthi ubani ongaxoxa indaba, kodwa uma umphakathi ungamelwe ngendlela ehlelekile kwabezindaba, kuba nomthelela wokuthi yiziphi izindaba ezingaxoxwa.
Incwadi kaLeonard Moore ethi โBlack Rage in New Orleansโ ibhala amashumi eminyaka odlame lwamaphoyisa kanye nemibhikisho yabantu abamnyama ayithole kubikwa emaphephandabeni amnyama edolobha kodwa inganakwa yimithombo yabezindaba emhlophe qwa emaphepheni ansuku zonke edolobha. "I-Times-Picayune kanye nesimo sayo sengqondo sokunganaki kwezintatheli ... ngokwenqaba kwayo ukubhala phansi izishoshovu zabamnyama, imibhikisho kanye nokukhungatheka, ayizange ikwazi ukwazisa iningi labamhlophe mayelana nokukhungatheka okuhlasele abantu abamnyama baseNew Orleans," kubhala uMoore.
Ngenkathi abezindaba bekhetha ukugxila โekuphangweniโ kwangemva kwesiphepho, balushaya indiva udlame lwangempela izakhamuzi eziNsundu ezazibhekene namaphoyisa neziqaphile. Lokho kuhlaka kwaqhubeka ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kabusha idolobha, njengoba izintatheli ziveza abahlali bezindlu zomphakathi njengezigebengu, okwenza kube lula ukuthola imvume yomphakathi ngokubhidliza imizi yabo. Bekunezihloko ezimayelana nezakhamuzi ezasuswa ezindlini ezasebenzisa izinkokhelo zemali eziphuthumayo ukuze zisebenzise izinto ezingenangqondo, kodwa abezindaba babengenasithakazelo sokuhlola indaba yokucwaswa ngokobuhlanga okwaphuca izakhamuzi Ezimnyama izigidi zamaRandi ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha usizo.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwesivunguvungu, abezindaba bayaqhubeka nokubeka phambili amazwi alabo abanelungelo, futhi bashiye ngaphandle labo abanokuncane. Ubandlululo lwabezindaba olwathukuthelisa abaningi ngemuva kokuthi uKatrina naye esiza ekuthungeleleni i-Black Lives Matter ukunyakaza, njengoba ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwezisulu eziNsundu zodlame lwamaphoyisa kwafaka amademoni izisulu ngendlela efanayo naleyo esayibona ngemva kukaKatrina.
Ukulandisa okusemthethweni kokubika kwangemva kuka-Katrina kudlale izindaba zodlame ezindlini zomphakathi, zinganaki izindaba zezakhamuzi ezatakula emiphakathini yazo, kanye nokuhlela okuphansi okuqede ubugebengu obuningi kumaphrojekthi. โKwakuwumklamo,โ kusho u-Alfred Marshall, owayeyisakhamuzi saseNew Orleans. โKonke bekuwukuqeda ngezindlu zomphakathi. Abezindaba bebeveza ukuthi konke ukubulawa kwabantu, zonke izidakamizwa, zonke izinto ezimbi ezenzeka ezinhlelweni. โ
Izintatheli eziningi ezivakashele eNew Orleans zigubhe izinguquko ohlelweni lwesikole, manje oselunamaphesenti aphezulu ezikole eziqashiwe kunanoma yiliphi elinye idolobha. Lezi zinguquko zenzeke ngemuva kokukhipha uhlelo lwesikole endaweni, Black, ukulawula, nokuxosha bonke othisha. Imibiko yezindaba yokugubha uhlelo lwesikole olushintshile eNew Orleans ivamise ukukushaya indiva imibhikisho emikhulu yabafundi abakhala ngesiyalo esinokhahlo kanye nokuntuleka kwezibonelo. Iyaziba izindaba zabafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile, abangahlinzekwanga wuhlelo olusha. Ayinaki ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwamaphoyisa ngokumelene nabafundi base-Afrika-baseMelika.
Namuhla, iningi lemithombo yezindaba kazwelonke incoma "ukuqina" kwedolobha. Babungaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda. Kodwa njengoba ummeli wamalungelo abantu uTracie Washington eshilo, โAngiqiniseki. Ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uthi, โO, bayakwazi ukumelana nezimo,โ ungenza okunye kimi.โ
Eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokucekelwa phansi kweNew Orleans, kunezindaba ezinhle esingabika ngazo lapha, kodwa akuyona imibiko ekhohlisayo ephushwa iMeya uMitch Landrieu mayelana nezikole eziqashiwe kanye nokunciphisa ubugebengu nezindlela zamabhayisikili. Kuyimpumelelo yokuhlela umphakathi, okuholele ekutheni kube nokuphikiswa kwangempela โkwezinguqukoโ ze-neoliberal eziphushelwe idolobha, futhi kwanqoba ukunqoba kwangempela, njengokuvikelwa kwezomthetho kwabasebenzi bokufika, ukubhekwa kombuso womnyango wamaphoyisa akhohlakele, kanye namathuba emisebenzi engeziwe ukwakhiwa kabusha kwedolobha kubekelwe abasebenzi bendawo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhunjulwa kwalesi sikhumbuzo seminyaka kaKatrina, izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zizobe zihamba emigwaqweni. Bazobe bebambe iqhaza ezimpendulweni zobuciko mayelana nokufuduka, imashi enkulu, idolobha lamatende, nokunye okuningi. Lolu wushintsho, kusukela emazingeni aphansi, oluzoguqula leli dolobha, futhi yindaba ongeke uyithole emithonjeni yezokuxhumana.
UJordani Flaherty uyintatheli kanye nomkhiqizi we-TV ozinze eNew Orleans. Ungumkhiqizi we-The Laura Flanders Show kanye nombhali we-Floodlines: Umphakathi kanye Nokumelana kusuka ku-Katrina kuya ku-Jena Six. Ungabona okuningi komsebenzi wakhe ku-jordanflaherty.org.
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