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Kulesi sikhathi sobhubhane kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu, kunamandla okuhlola izindlela izizukulwane ezedlule ezibhekane nazo nokukhuphuka kwamagagasi obufascism kanye nenkinga. Iminyaka eyi-100, amakhomanisi, amasocialists, ama-anarchist, anti-colonilists, kanye nabanye abavukeli bezinguquko benze amafilimu azama ukungenelela ngesikhathi sabo, ukuze bangagcini nje ngokuxoxa izindaba, kodwa baphakamise amazwi athulisiwe futhi bacabange ngekusasa elingcono. Ndawonye, โโbakha umlando ongaphansi komhlaba wekhulu lama-20 nelama-21. Amafilimu akulolu hlu enziwe abaculi abanohlonze nabanombono; abaningi babo babefuna ukuketula ubunxiwankulu futhi baguqule icinema.
Abaningi abakulolu hlu bagibela umngcele phakathi kwedokhumentari nenganekwane, bephakamisa abantu bangempela nezindaba. Ngokuvamile lawa mafilimu alingisa izishoshovu esikhundleni sabalingisi abangochwepheshe, abantu abahlanganyela ezenzweni zomphakathi bedlala inguqulo yabo - ngisho nakumafilimu ezinganekwane zesayensi. Laba badidiyeli bamafilimu baphinde bagweme izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuxoxa izindaba. Esikhundleni sokuthi "uhambo lweqhawe" lomlingiswa oyedwa, bagxila ekunyakazeni kwabantu abaningi, bebonisa umlando owenziwe umzamo ohlangene. Ngale ndlela, isakhiwo sabo sibekela inselele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi โIthiyori Yomlando Womuntu Omkhuluโ, okubonisa ukuthi ushintsho lwenziwa umphakathi, futhi zonke izindaba zethu neziphetho zixhumene. Kufunwa inqubo yoguquko, amanye amafilimu enziwa ngokuhlanganyela, kugwenywa i-auteur eyodwa.
Ngifake futhi ngaphansi kwefilimu ngayinye โukuqhubeka kubukwa,โ amanye amafilimu enziwe umenzi wefilimu ofanayo, noma ahambisana nezindikimba ezifanayo.
Ngokuhlangene lolu hlu luhlanganisa cishe iminyaka eyikhulu kwenziwa amafilimu, kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-2019, emazwenikazi ayisithupha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukude nohlu oluphelele lwawo wonke amafilimu aqinile ake enziwa. Kodwa ihlanganisa amafilimu ashintsha ukuphila kwami.
35+ Amafilimu Enguquko
1. Impi yase-Algiers โ Ifilimu eyintandokazi yabaguquli abasuka kuBlack Panthers ukuya kumalungu e-Irish Republican Army kuya kwabalweli benkululeko basePalestine, i-The Battle of Algiers iyifilimu yakudala emelene nobukoloniyali. Iqoshwe ngesitayela esifiphalisa ngamabomu imingcele yezinganekwane nedokhumentari, ifilimu yabhalwa ngu-Saadi Yacef, umholi we-Algeria's National Liberation Front (FLN), futhi ibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wamakholoni ngeke uhlale, futhi ingcindezelo izala ukumelana. U-Yacef kanye okungenani nelinye ilungu langaphambili le-FLN nabo balingisa ifilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJean Martin, odlala isikhulu sase-French countersurgency, wayengumakadebona wezempi owake waphumela obala eseka umzabalazo wenkululeko wase-Algeria. Ilungu lokumelana ne-antifascist e-Italy phakathi neMpi Yezwe 2, umqondisi we-Marxist u-Gillo Pontecorvo wenza amanye amafilimu amaningana aphikisana nobukoloniyali.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Umenzi wamafilimu wase-Iran uMohsen Makhmalbaf wayeyibhungu elivukela umbuso, eboshwe ngaphansi kweShah ngokugwaza iphoyisa. Inguquko yamaSulumane yamkhulula ejele futhi yamenza umdidiyeli wefilimu. Kamuva wabe esegxeka abefundisi base-Iran abahola izwe, ezichaza njengomuntu okhona futhi olwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, kanye nefilimu yakhe yango-1996. Isikhathi Sokungabi Nacala kuwukuvuselela okubucayi kobusha bakhe, ebheka emuva ezenzweni zakhe ngombono weminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, futhi ngokubambisana nephoyisa waligwaza.
2. Wazalelwa eFlames - Ifilimu yokuqala kaLizzie Borden, eyakhululwa ngo-1983, yenzeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngaphansi kukahulumeni wentando yeningi wezenhlalakahle e-United States. Le filimu ilandela amaseli aphikisayo abesifazane, iningi labo okungongqingili kanye nabesifazane bemibala, abathola ukuthi uhulumeni omusha wezenhlalakahle awukazixazululi izinkinga zokubusa kwamadoda kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala, futhi wanquma ukusungula ibutho labesifazane elizozabalazela uguquko phakathi kwemigwaqo phakathi kwenguquko yezenhlalakahle. Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amane kamuva, i-Born in Flames isazizwa inesibindi futhi inombono. Abalingisi befilimu bamukela inguquko yabesifazane yekilasi kanye neyohlanga ekhuthazwe yi-Combahee River Collective.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: Ifilimu yesibili kaBorden, ngo-1986 Amantombazane Asebenzayo, ukubukeka okuqanjiwe kwesitayela se-vรฉritรฉ-style ngaphakathi kwempilo yabesifazane abasebenza endaweni yezifebe e-Manhattan. Kusamile nanamuhla njengomunye wemifanekiso eqoshwe ocansini engakhanyi.
3. Umhlaba Nenkululeko - Impi Yombango YaseSpain iyisikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni woguquko. Abaguquli abanengqondo abavela emhlabeni wonke babeka izimpilo zabo engozini ukuze baye eSpain ukuze bahlanganyele namasosha e-anarchist, socialist kanye namakhomanisi ukulwa ne-fascism. Ifilimu ka-1995 yomqondisi weSocialist uKen Loach, egqugquzelwe nguGeorge Orwell's. Ukuhlonipha iCatalonia, ifilimu engcono kakhulu mayelana nalesi sikhathi, ukuvezwa okunyakazayo komoya wokukhulula, okusekelwe kufomu kanye nemibono ye-cinema ye-social realist. Isigcawu esimaphakathi kule filimu siveza abantu bendawo kanye namalungu ezempi bedingida ukuthi bayawuhlanganisa yini umhlaba wabo noma cha. ILand and Freedom icwilisa umbukeli engxoxweni iningi lamafilimu engayigwema, ekhombisa ukuthi ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kungaba nomthelela ojulile kanjani. Njengesibonelo sesitayela samaqiniso samafilimu, isigcawu sibonisa izakhamizi zendawo ezidlalayo, zikhuluma izinkolelo zazo.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: U-Loach uqondise izici ezingu-24 ezimayelana nempilo nemizabalazo yesigaba sabasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nezinamandla zangonyaka odlule. Siyaxolisa Sikukhumbule, mayelana nempilo yabasebenzi bezomnotho be-gig.
4. Ipaki lokujezisa - Ifilimu yenganekwane yesayensi ye-dystopian kaPeter Watkins yenziwa ngo-1971, kodwa isazwakala iyintsha futhi isebenza namuhla. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abaphikisi kanye nezishoshovu bayaqoqwa, baboshwe futhi bagwetshwe โepaki lokujezisaโ elingaqondakali. Iziboshwa ezizama ukusinda ziyahlukana zibe amaqoqo ngokwepolitiki kusukela kwezempi kuye kweyama-pacifist, futhi ipolitiki yazo ehlukene iziholela emasuni ahlukene okusinda. Abalingisi bakhiwe ababhikishi bangempela abamelene nempi, izishoshovu, kanye neziboshwa zangaphambili, abasebenzisa imibono yabo, ulwazi kanye nemibono ukuze bakhe inkhulumomphendvulwano ethuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Umenzi wefilimu uPeter Watkins uqhubekile nokuzama nokuhlola inguquko kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ifilimu yakhe ka-2000 La Commune (Paris 1871) kuwukulandisa okuvivinyayo kwesikhathi lapho uguquko oludumile lwathatha amandla e-Paris, lwakhuthaza izizukulwane zakamuva zamakhomanisi kanye nama-anarchist.
5. Carlos U-Ilich Ramรญrez Sรกnchez - owaziwa kangcono ngelikaCarlos the Jackal, wayenempilo eyamxhumanisa nezinhlangano eziningi ezihlomile zesokunxele zangawo-70's, kusukela e-Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, kuya e-Japanese Red Army, kuya ezitokisini ze-German Revolution. . Emizuzwini engama-339, ifilimu ka-Olivier Assayas yango-2010 (egxeka uSรกnchez kodwa enqaba izimpendulo ezilula) ifaneleka kakhulu ukuthi ibukwe yedwa, kanye nesithombe esifushane esimangalisayo senkathi yomzabalazo wezikhali wezwekazi.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Bheka ifilimu ka-Assayas ka-2012 Okuthile emoyeni, idrama eyenzeka phakathi kwabafundi ngemva kwezibhelu zango-1968 eParis.
6. Usawoti Womhlaba - Yenziwe ngo-1954 njengokubambisana phakathi kwabenzi bamafilimu baseHollywood abafakwe ohlwini lwabangavunyelwe kanye nezinyunyana zezinyunyana ze-Latinx, i-Salt of the Earth igqoka ipolitiki yayo eqinile ngokuziqhenya. Abenzi befilimu babevinjelwe yiHollywood (futhi endabeni yomqondisi u-Herbert J. Biberman, waboshelwa ukwenqaba ukubambisana nophenyo lweCongressional lwamaKhomanisi), kuyilapho inyunyana yayiphoqelelwe ukuba iphume kumfelandawonye wezisebenzi zeCIO ngenxa yobandlululo (Babeyingxenye). weWestern Federation of Miners, ebikade iyingxenye ye-anarchist Industrial Workers of the World). Ngokusekelwe endabeni eyiqiniso yesiteleka sango-1951, abalingisi abaningi abagadli nemindeni yabo, abazidlalelayo.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: Umlingisikazi nomqondisi u-Lee Grant owenziwe UWillmar 8 ngo-1981, idokhumentari ekhuluma ngeqembu labesifazane abasebenza ebhange ababetelekile eMinnesota, bephonsela inselelo ukucwasa ngokobulili kubaqashi babo kanye nenhlangano yabasebenzi.
7. Strike - Ifilimu yakudala ka-Sergei Eisenstein ibonisa ukuvukela umbuso kwango-1903 kwabasebenzi basefekthri, okubonwa njengesiqalo sokumelana nobuningi okwaholela ekuvukeleni umbuso kweSoviet ka-1917. Le filimu yenziwe ngo-1925, eminyakeni embalwa nje ngemva koguquko, futhi idlala nabalingisi abavela enkampanini yeshashalazi eshintshashintshayo, ifilimu iwumlando omncane kunokugubha ukuphikiswa okudumile. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, ukusebenzisa kuka-Eisenstein amasu e-montage kusengazwakala kumafilimu namuhla, kuhlanganise nambalwa kulolu hlu aphefumulelwe ngokuqondile. Strike.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Amafilimu alandelayo ka-Eisenstein I-Potemkin yempi futhi October nazo zakudala.
8. Ihora Lama-Furnaces - Inzalo yasesinema ye-Strike futhi eyandulela amanye amafilimu kulolu hlu, i-Hour of the Furnaces yenziwa ngokungemthetho futhi ngasese ngo-1968 njengethuluzi lokuhlela ukubekela inselelo hhayi kuphela ubushiqela base-Argentina, kodwa ubunxiwankulu, ubukoloniyali kanye ne-neoliberalism. Le filimu yenziwe ngu-Octavio Getino kanye noFernando Solanas, abasebenza ngaphansi kwegama elithi The Cine Liberaciรณn Group. UNicole Brenez ubhala, โIfilimu yenziwe ngomshoshaphansi ngaphansi kombuso wobushiqela... Ukubukwa ngakunye kwakuyingozi futhi kwakha 'indawo ekhululiwe, indawo ekhishwe ikoloni' (ngamazwi kaGetino), lapho ifilimu yayingamiswa khona isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuvunyelwe izingxoxo nezinkulumo-mpikiswano. (yingakho isakhiwo esihlukaniswe izingxenye). Isazi sase-Argentina uMariano Mestman sikhumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuningana kuholela ezingxabanweni zezempi. Ukuthamela umbukiso kukodwa nje kwakuyisenzo sezombangazwe, ukuguqula izibukeli zibe izihloko zomlando ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, hhayi ngoba zavuma noma zingavumelani nokuqukethwe yifilimu, kodwa ngenxa yaso kanye isinqumo sokuba khona, naphezu kosongo.โ
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Ungabona ithonya le-Hour of The Furnaces kuyo yonke i-cinema yoguquko, ikakhulukazi e-Latin America. Inzalo eyodwa eseduze nguPatricio Guzman ka-1973 Impi YaseChile, mayelana nokuketulwa kukahulumeni waseSalvador Allende. Inzalo yesimanjemanje, ngo-2004 The Thatha, eqondiswa u-Avi Lewis no-Naomi Klein, ibonisa ukuthi ukuthathwa kwefekthri okuvezwe ku-Hour of The Furnaces akukakayeki.
9. Le yindawo ka Rage - Ubuwazi ukuthi kunefilimu enezingxoxo ezinwetshiwe no-Angela Davis, uJune Jordan, no-Alice Walker, enomculo kaPrince noJanet Jackson? Idokhumentari ka-Pratibha Parmar ka-1991 yabesifazane inselele ukucwasa, ukuzonda abantu besifazane, kanye ne-capitalism, ngokuthintana okuseduze njengo-Angela Davis edlala i-squash nokugijima.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Ikhishwe ngawo lowo nyaka, uJulie Dash's Amadodakazi Othuli iyifilimu yokuqala edidiyelwe eqondiswe ngowesifazane wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukuthi sisatshalaliswe etiyetha e-United States, futhi ingeyakudala yabantu besifazane abamnyama, ekhuthazwe kancane umsebenzi ka-Alice Walker.
10. Intombazane Emnyama - Ubukoloni base-Europe kanye ne-patriarchy yenziwe ngezifiso emdlalweni ka-Ousmane Sembรจne wokuhlola wango-1966 omayelana nowesifazane osemusha waseSenegal osebenza njengenceku yombhangqwana ocebile waseFrance. Uzalelwe eSenegal, uSembรจne wayengumbhali wezincwadi nomenzi wefilimu, engumkhomanisi futhi engumuntu wesifazane. Esemusha eFrance, wasiza ekuholeni isiteleka senyunyana ye-CGT eyayiholwa ngamakhomanisi ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali zempi ye-French colonial eVietnam.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Sembene's I-Moolaadรฉ kungokunye ukuhlasela kwe-patriarchy, kulokhu kugxile ekucwiyweni kwabesifazane.
11. Lapho Ngikubona - Ingane, eyaxoshwa kanye nomama wayo besuka ePalestine ngo-1967, igijima ekamu lababaleki futhi izithola iphakathi kwamasosha aphikisayo. Ikhishwe ngo-2012, ifilimu enyakazayo ka-Annemarie Jacir inikeza umbono wengane ngomzabalazo wokulwa nobukoloniyali.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: I-Jacir's Usawoti walolu Lwandle idrama yenkondlo emayelana nokugetshengwa - kuyini ukugetshengwa emhlabeni ontshontshiwe? - edlala imbongi eyawina indondo kaTony uSuheir Hammad.
12. Izingane zikashokoledi - Ikhishwe ngo-1996, ekaStephen Winter Izingane zikashokoledi iwumdlalo oqavile futhi ohlekisayo ngomdlalo wamahlaya/idrama ephezulu emayelana neqembu lezishoshovu zobulili ze-HIV+ ezithumba usopolitiki. Ifilimu iwumfanekiso ongcono kakhulu engake ngawubona wenjabulo nokungakhululeki kwemihlangano yezishoshovu, futhi imiswe ngokuqinile kuma-subcultures amnyama angama-gay namaqueer angama-90s. Izigcawu ezifana nalesi eku-Christopher Street Piers ekushoneni kwelanga zithwebula isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni we-LGBTQ. (Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ngisebenze njengelungu leqembu kule filimu, nakuba ngingenakho ukuthatha isikweletu nganoma yini eyenza ibe yinhle).
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Umdlalo wamahlaya ka-Stephen Winter ka-2015 u-Jason no-Shirley uwumfanekiso ovukelayo wedokhumentari yakudala ka-Shirley Clarke yango-1967. Imidwebo kaJason.
13. Bamako - Ifilimu yomqondisi wase-Maliya u-Abderrahmane Sissako ehlekisayo, enenkondlo, edlala i-surreal, neyokuqala ngokuphelele ka-2006 ibeka i-International Monetary Fund, iBhange Lomhlaba, kanye ne-neoliberalism ecaleni lokubhuqa okuphambene nobukoloniyali.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: Zinike isikhathi sokuhlola umlando ocebile wokwenziwa kwefilimu emelene nobukoloniyaseNtshonalanga Afrika, okuhlanganisa neka-Djibril Diop Mambรฉty Izimpisi futhi UTouki Bouki, uMati Diop's I-Atlantics, kanye noSissako IsiTimbuktu.
14. I-Harlan County, USA - Idokhumentari esolisayo ekhombisa amandla omzabalazo ohlangene wokuqhakambisa kanye nokunika amandla. Umqondisi uBarbara Kopple kanye nabanye abenzi bamafilimu bachitha unyaka nesigamu behlala nemindeni yase-Harlan County, bebhala izimpilo zabo namandla abo kule dokhumenti eyawina i-Academy Award ka-1976 emayelana nabavukuzi bamalahle abatelekile. Bacishe babulawa oshayasibhamu ababehlomile abasebenza kule nkampani.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: U-Kopple wenze inqwaba yamadokhumentari, okuhlanganisa amafilimu akhuluma ngo-Sharon Jones kanye ne-Dixie Chicks, kanye Dream American, okuwuhlelo oluhle kakhulu, kodwa olunokubhuqa okwengeziwe, olumayelana nesinye isiteleka esikhulu senhlangano yabasebenzi. Noma, uma uthanda amafilimu akhuthazayo mayelana nobumbano phakathi kwezinhlangano kanye nokuzabalaza kwezigaba, buka Matthew Warchus' Pride (2014). Ifilimu enyakazayo, ehlekisayo, ekhangayo, nejabulisayo esekelwe endabeni yangempela yezishoshovu ezitabane ngeminyaka yawo-80s ezakha umfelandawonye nabavukuzi abatelekile e-Thatcher's Britain.
15. Ngiyaxolisa ukukuphazamisa โ Umculi/isishoshovu/umenzi wefilimu u-Boots Riley uhlanganisa izinganekwane zesayensi, ukubhuqa, nokuphawula komphakathi kule filimu yango-2018 evele ingeyakudala. Njengomculo ka-Riley, Sorry to Bother You igqoke ipolitiki emelene nobungxiwankulu eguquguqukayo kodwa ikuyengela ngamahlaya anobuqili kanye nencazelo ecasulayo, kuyilapho kwakhiwa icala lokuthi uguquko ukuphela kwesixazululo. Ifilimu ingakufanelekela ukubonwa ngedizayini, kusukela ezimpahleni nasezicicini zikaTessa Thompson kuye kwikusasa elicatshangelwe ngokugcwele.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Ukuze uthole okunye okuqanjiwe kwesayensi ye-dystopian, bheka i-Alex Rivera's Sleep Dealer (2008) lapho ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo busetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokuxhaphaza abokufika. Futhi, u-Riley uvela kafushane ku-agitprop webseries ejabulisayo I-North Pole, ekhiqizwe yiMovement Generation, kanye Ejele Impilo Yami Yonke, idokhumentari yango-2007 ekhuluma ngesiboshwa sezepolitiki u-Mumia Abu-Jamal.
16. Reds - Kunzima ukucabanga into efana nekaWarren Beatty's Reds (1981) ezophuma namuhla. Yenziwe efasiteleni elifushane lapho i-Hollywood yayizoxhasa khona ifilimu eyingqopha-mlando mayelana nempilo yamakhomanisi nama-anarchist ase-US eminyakeni yangaphambi nangemva kweNguquko YaseRussia - futhi kamuva yaqokela imiklomelo ye-Academy eyi-12. Izihlabani zika-Beatty kanye no-Diane Keaton no-Jack Nicholson kulesi sihloko esikhulu sesabelomali esihlanganisa amazwekazi ambalwa. Indaba yothando emaphakathi phakathi kwezintatheli zamakhomanisi zempilo yangempela uJohn Reed noLouise Bryant, abahamba ndawonye baya eRussia ngesikhathi soguquko lwaseSoviet ngo-1917, iyingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu Reds (futhi ifihla ngokuphelele ubunjalo bukaBryant). Kodwa abalingiswa abamaphakathi bazungezwe ama-anarchist namakhomanisi afana no-Emma Goldman nomholi wenyunyana u-Big Bill Haywood, futhi ifilimu isebenzisa izingxoxo zangempela โnofakaziโ ababephila ngesikhathi sikaReed noBryant, okuhlanganisa nama-radicals uScott Nearing noRoger Baldwin. , umlobi uHenry Miller, nenqwaba yabanye.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Iminyaka yangemva kwenguquko yeSoviet (nangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla kaStalin) yabona ukuqhakaza komphumela wobuciko. Ngaphezu kwamafilimu ka-Eisenstein okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, i-Dziga Vertov's Indoda Enekhamera Yefilimu kungenye ukunqoba kobuciko bokuqala kweSoviet. Noma, kwenye ifilimu yaseHollywood enokuqukethwe kwesokunxele, bheka ekaSidney Lumet ka-1976 Network, ukubhuqa kwabezindaba okwabikezela i-Fox News kanye ne-TV engokoqobo.
17. Ekugcineni Ngithole Izindaba - Yasungulwa ngo-1968 e-Detroit, i-League of Revolutionary Black Workers yayiyinhlangano elwela uguquko eyalwa kanye kanye nabaphathi bayo ezinkampanini ezinkulu zezimoto kanye nobuholi obunobandlululo be-United Auto Workers, kanye nokuhlela ukulwa nobungxiwankulu kanye nokubusa kwabamhlophe emphakathini wonkana. . Lolu phiko lubone abezindaba njengengxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wabo, baqala iphephandaba (amalungu ophiko empeleni athatha iphepha labafundi eWayne State University), futhi esebenza ngokubambisana noStewart Bird, Rene Lichtman kanye noPeter Gessner, amalungu enhlangano. Iqoqo lefilimu leNew York Newsreel (kamuva laba yiThird World Newsreel).
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Yasungulwa eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, i-Third World Newsreel yakha futhi/noma yasabalalisa inqwaba yokuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo, konke okungathengwa. esizeni sabo.
18. USpoki Owayehlezi Emnyango โ Inguqulo yakudala ka-Ivan Dixon yango-1973 yenoveli ka-Sam Greenlee yango-1969 ekhuluma ngomenzeli we-CIA omnyama owayedumele osebenzisa amakhono akhe ukuqeqesha amalungu ezigelekeqe ukuthi abe amavukela-mbuso futhi agqugquzele uguquko e-US. Woza ukuzohlekisa, hlala ukuze uthole impi yabashokobezi yesinyathelo nesinyathelo. Akumangazi ukuthi iqembu loguquko lwe-hip-hop i-Dead Prez yenze isampula ye-movie engomeni yabo Sifuna Inkululeko Ngemva kweminyaka engu-27.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Ukungena kweHollywood: Ukunyuka Nokuwa Kwe-Spook Owayehlezi Ngasemnyango, idokhumentari ekhuluma ngomshikashika wokwenza ifilimu, okuhlanganisa nemizamo ye-FBI yokumisa ifilimu ukuthi ibonakale.
19. I-Anarchist evela eColony - Indaba yeqiniso yasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lama-anarchist aseKorea naseJapan alwa nobukoloniyali baseJapan eKorea, umlando okhuthazayo ka-Lee Joon-ik I-Anarchist evela eColony kwakuyibhokisi lebhokisi elashaywa eKorea lapho likhishwa ngo-2017.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Lena akuyona yodwa ifilimu mayelana nama-anarchists aseKorea asekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili afuna ukuketula umsebenzi wamaJapane. Park Chan-wook, umqondisi we Oldboy futhi Incekukazi yezandla, wabhala ifilimu yesenzo Ama-Anarchists, ekhiqizwe ngu-Lee Joon-ik, eqondiswa ngu-Yoo Young-sik, futhi yakhululwa ngo-2000.
20. Palante, Siempre, Palante - U-Iris Morales, oyilungu lokuqala lesifazane le-Young Lords, uqondise Palante, Siempre, Palante ngo-1996. Le filimu ingumlando obalulekile we-Young Lords kanye nezinhlelo zabo ezifana nesidlo sasekuseni samahhala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nemfundo yezepolitiki.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: El Pueblo Se Levanta (The People Are Rising), ifilimu ye-Newsreel yango-1971 ekhuluma ngama-Young Lords. Ukubona enye idokhumentari eyenziwe ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yezinguquko, bheka idokhumentari ka-Sanjay Kak ka-2013 Iphupho Lentuthwane Ebomvu, ethwetshulwe ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yama-Maoist elwela izinguquko eNdiya.
21. Ngiyi-cuba - Kwenziwe ngo-1964, ezinsukwini zokuqala zenguquko yaseCuba, uMikhail Kalatozov '. Ngiyi-cuba (obeye aziwe njengo NginguCuba) ukugujwa kweCuba kanye nokunqoba kokwenziwa kwefilimu (Isibhamu esisodwa esimangalisayo sigqugquzele ukulandelana kwefilimu ka-1997 kaPaul Thomas Anderson Ubusuku beBoogie, kanye noFrancis Ford Coppola noMartin Scorsese basize ngokubuyiselwa nokukhishwa kabusha kwamafilimu). Le filimu ixoxwa yizwi elimele iCuba njengesizwe nabantu, futhi ixoxa ngezindaba zabantu baseCuba abazabalaza ngaphansi kwe-imperialism yasentshonalanga futhi ekugcineni basukuma.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Ifilimu ka-Tomรกs Gutiรฉrrez Alea ka-1968 Izinkumbulo Zokungathuthuki umbono othakazelisayo we-Cuba yangemva kwenguquko, eyenziwe mhlawumbe umdidiyeli omkhulu wefilimu wase-Cuba.
22. Lumumba - Ifilimu ka-2000 kaRaoul Peck, umdidiyeli wefilimu wase-Haiti, ephikisana nobukoloni, ikhuluma ngempilo nokubulawa komholi waseCongo oyisihlubuki uPatrice Lumumba, indima ye-CIA ekubulaweni kwakhe, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezwe lakhe okwalandela.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: U-Peck wenze amafilimu e-radical ubude besici angu-15, nangaphezulu asendleleni. I Am Not Your Negro, ifilimu yakhe yango-2016 emayelana nemibono kaJames Baldwin, iphakathi kokuhamba phambili kwakhe.
23. Sihlangene Entukuthelweni - Kulo mzuzu wobunzima bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, sidinga umlando kaJim Hubbard wango-2012 we-ACT-UP! (The AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power) kunanini ngaphambili. Njengamafilimu amaningi akulolu hlu, i-United in Anger igwema ukuthi noma yibaphi abalingiswa abaphakathi nendawo bamele umnyakazo wonke, baqikelele ukuphakamisa abesifazane abaningi nabantu abanombala obala ababedlala izindima zobuholi kule nhlangano ikakhulukazi yabamhlophe nabesilisa.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: URobin Campillo ungumbungazi ovelele I-BPM (Beats ngomzuzu) ifilimu eqanjiwe ethokozisayo nehehayo mayelana ne-ACTUP! izishoshovu eParis.
24. Mayelana Nodlame - I-manifesto engaphezu kwefilimu, i-Gรถran Hugo Olsson's Concerning Violence yenziwe ngombhalo ovela ku-Frantz Fanon's Ukonakala Komhlaba ifundwe nguLauryn Hill, nezithombe kanye nezingxoxo namakholoniyali ahlanganisa amakholoni e-Afrika anezithombe eziqabukelayo ezibonisa abalweli benkululeko nabaholi, okuhlanganisa u-Amilcar Cabral noThomas Sankara.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: UGรถran Hugo Olsson naye uqondise I-Mixtape Yamandla Amnyama, kusetshenziswa izithombe ezigciniwe ezazingabonwa ngaphambilini eziphuma ezingxoxweni nabaholi be-Black Power Movement.
25. Ukuzingela Izipoki - Ifilimu ka-Raed Andoni ehlasimulisa umzimba ka-2017 inqamula phakathi kwe-documentary kanye nenganekwane, njengoba amaPalestine achithe isikhathi emajele ase-Israel esebenzisana nefilimu ukuze alingise isipiliyoni sabo.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Kunenqwaba yamafilimu amahle asePalestine aphikisana nobukoloniyali. Ifilimu ka-Buthina Canaan Khoury ka-2005 Abesifazane Emzabalazweni yakhiwe izingxoxo nabesifazane abane basePalestine ababelwela inkululeko bonke abachitha isikhathi emajele akwa-Israel. Amanye ama-Classics akamuva afaka eka-Elia Suleiman Ukungenelela Kaphezulu, Dahna Abourahme's Kuze Nini, kanye no-Amer Shomali noPaul Cowan Ukufunwa 18. Kukhona futhi ingobo yomlando ye Amafilimu amafushane enguquko yasePalestine eyenziwe kusukela ngo-1968-1982 yiqembu lamafilimu elasungulwa yi-Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). Bheka futhi uhlu lwamafilimu atholakalayo ku Indawo ye-Reel Palestine futhi I-Palestine Film Institute (okwamanje enikezela ngefilimu entsha yamahhala masonto onke).
26. Isonto legazi - UPaul Greengrass (owabuye wasebenza noMat Damon ohlelweni Bourne films) waba nempumelelo yakhe ngale filimu yango-2002, idrama ekhaliphile edala kabusha, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esidabukisayo, isibhicongo seBloody Sunday eNyakatho ne-Ireland, kusetshenziswa abalingisi abathathwe kakhulu emiphakathini ethintekile.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: I-Northern Ireland yaziwa ngokubambisana kwayo nezinhlangano zenkululeko - ubumbano oluzalwa ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho. Uhlu oluphelele lungenziwa kusukela ku-cinema yama-Irish anti-colonilist. Amanye amaphuzu avelele: Indlala kaSteve McQueen, ekaJim Sheridan ethi In The Name of The Father, ekaTerry George ethi Some Mother's Son, nekaKen Loach ethi The Wind That Shakes the Barley.
27. U-Angela wamahhala kanye nazo zonke iziboshwa zezombangazwe - Njengoba isihloko sibonisa, idokhumentari ka-Shola Lynch yango-2012 igxile ekuqulweni kwamacala kanye nenhlangano yobumbano ezungeze u-Angela Davis (yize incane kwezinye iziboshwa zezepolitiki). Umlando omuhle wokunyakaza nokunqoba okufanele sikubungaze,
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: Ungaphuthelwa I-Cointelpro 101, evela ku-Freedom Archives, ngomlando oqondile wokugadwa okungekho emthethweni kwe-FBI, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nokubulawa kwezishoshovu.
28. Matewan - Ubuhlanga, inkolo kanye nomzabalazo wezigaba kuphakathi nendawo yesici sesihlanu nesinamandla kakhulu sikamenzi wefilimu ozimele u-John Sayles. Matewan, eyakhishwa ngo-1987, isekelwe endabeni yeqiniso yesiteleka sezimayini ngo-1920 eNtshonalanga Virginia futhi isekelwe yizithombe zesinema ezimangalisayo nokulingisa. U-Sayles uxhasa ngezimali amafilimu akhe azimele ngokusebenza njengodokotela weskripthi e-Hollywood, futhi indaba yale filimu nengxoxo kuphakathi kokuhamba phambili kwakhe.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Wonke amafilimu ka-Sayles angu-18 kufanele abukwe. Ungumdidiyeli wefilimu okhathalela umphakathi oxoxa izindaba zemiphakathi hhayi abantu ngabanye. Ezinye zezinto zakhe ezinhle kakhulu I-Lone Star, Umfowethu ovela kwenye iPlanethi, Amadoda Aphethe Izibhamu, Futhi UMuzi Wethemba.
29. Indlu ekuCoco Road โ Isatshalaliswe yi-Array ka-Ava DuVernay, ifilimu ka-Damani Baker yango-2016 igxile endleleni kanina kusukela ekukhuleni emaphandleni aseLouisiana ukuya ekuhleleni no-Angela Davis ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70 e-Los Angeles, ukuya e-Grenada ukuyokweseka uhulumeni woguquko ka-Maurice Bishop.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Cishe yonke ifilimu esatshalaliswe i-Ava DuVernay's Array inepolitiki futhi iyaphawuleka, ivamise ukuqondisa abenzi befilimu abaqala ngqa ukugqama. Hlola Uchungechunge lwefilimu ye-Array, ebisakaza ifilimu cishe masonto onke.
30. I-FTA - Ubuwazi ukuthi ngo-1972, iqembu labalingisi, abaculi nosomahlaya, okuhlanganisa noJane Fonda, uDonald Sutherland, noPaul Mooney, bahamba bayodlala imibukiso eduze nezisekelo zamasosha ase-US ePacific, bekhuthaza amasosha ukuthi asukume amelane? Lolu hambo lwabizwa ngokuthi i-FTA, eyathatha isihloko sayo ku-zine engaphansi komhlaba eyakhiqizwa amasosha eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Fuck The Army. Ikhophi esanda kubuyiselwa yefilimu kaMqondisi uFrancine Parker ka-1972 isanda kukhishwa kabusha, futhi iwumbhalo obalulekile wesikhashana lapho abalingisi baseHollywood bathatha izingozi zangempela ukuze baphikisane ne-US imperialism.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Enye ifilimu esanda kubuyiselwa kusukela ngo-1972, uWilliam Greaves '. Isikhathi sezwe - uGary liyidokhumenti yeNgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yezombangazwe Yabamnyama eyabanjwa ngalowo nyaka e-Gary, e-Indiana. Ngaleso sikhathi, emakolishi amakolishi, abafundi abaningi babephendukela ezenzweni zokulwa nokuqina. Idokhumentari ka-Sam Green no-Bill Siegel ka-2002 Isimo Sezulu Esingaphansi Komhlaba ikhuluma leyo ndaba.
31. Iqhawe Abesifazane โ Idokhumentari ka-Christina D. King kanye ne-Elizabeth Castle ethi Warrior Women yango-2018 ikhanyisa amashumi eminyaka abomdabu behlela ngempilo yesishoshovu sase-Lakota, uthisha kanye nomholi womphakathi uMadonna Thunder Hawk, umakadebona we-American Indian Movement (AIM). Ifilimu isebenzisa indaba yakhe, kanye nendodakazi yakhe, ukuhlola โizikole okuhlalwa kuzoโ zoMdabu, umsebenzi we-Alcatraz nokumelana e-Standing Rock, nokunye.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: U-Elle-Mรกijรก Tailfeathers no-Kathleen Hepburn Umzimba Uyakhumbula Lapho Umhlaba Uvuleka (2019) iyifilimu yakudala entsha ye-Indigenous North American cinema.
32. IMpi Yezwe Yesine - Igqugquzelwe amazwi omholi we-Zapatista u-Subcommandante Marcos, iMpi Yezwe Yesine (2003) ilandelela futhi ixhumanise imicu yokunyakaza kokumelana e-Palestine, Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, South Korea, naseNew York. U-Richard Rowley kanye no-Jacqueline Soohen, owaziwa nangokuthi Amafilimu Anomsindo Omkhulu, baxhuma izigcawu zokumelana nendaba eyinkondlo yomzabalazo womhlaba wonke wokulwa nobungxiwankulu.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: URichard Rowley noJacqueline Soohen sebeneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili benza amadokhumentari enhlangano kusukela ngo-1999. Zapatista kuya ngonyaka odlule Ukudubula kwe-16, mayelana nokubulawa kukaLaquan McDonald kanye nokufihla okwenziwe ngamaphoyisa aseChicago.
33. Walker - Umqondisi u-Alex Cox wayefuna ukweseka uhulumeni waseSandinista emzabalazweni wawo wokulwa nempi yeContra exhaswe yi-US. Ngakho wathola iHollywood ukuthi imnike izigidi eziyisi-6 zamadola, futhi wayichitha cishe yonke eNicaragua, efilimini eyayizosekela izwe ngokwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Walker (1987) iwukubhuqa kokuhlola, ngasikhathi sinye ngoWilliam Walker (odlalwe ngu-Ed Harris), umMelika owahlasela wazenza umongameli waseNicaragua ngo-1856, futhi mayelana nempi yeContra yangaleso sikhathi.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: U-Alex Cox akazange agqoke ipolitiki yakhe ngokusobala njengakule filimu, kodwa amafilimu akhe Repo Man futhi Sid kanye no Nancy zingamahlelo amadala. Impi yase-Algiers Umenzi wefilimu uGillo Pontecorvo ka-1969 Shisa!, edlala u-Marlon Brando, imayelana no-Walker.
34. Ukuhlubuka ePatagonia โ Ubuwazi yini ngokuvukela kwe-anarchist esifundeni sasePatagonia e-Argentina ekuqaleni kwawo-1920? Ingxenye yokuqala yedrama ka-Hรฉctor Olivera yango-1974 iyisithombe esijabulisayo somnyakazo wabalimi abalwa nabaphathi futhi bayawina. Isexwayiso se-Spoiler: Uma ungafuni ukudangala, ungase ufune ukweqa ingxenye yesibili.
Ukubuka okwengeziwe: Olivera ngo-1986 Ubusuku Bamapensela idrama esuselwe endabeni yezishoshovu zabafundi ezathunjwa umbuso wobushiqela wamasosha ngo-1976.
35. Abantu baseLibertari - Indaba yamasosha wesifazane alwa eMpini Yombango YaseSpain iwumlando obalulekile nokhuthazayo wokumelana nabesifazane ekukhuphukeni kwegagasi lobufascism ngeminyaka yawo-1930. Ipolitiki yomdlalo weshashalazi kaVicente Aranda ka-1996 ayikagugi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi (njengenkundla yamasosha wesifazane โesindisaโ abathengisa ngomzimba), kodwa iyindaba ethokozisayo nethinta inhliziyo yabantu besifazane abangama-anarchist abalwa kokubili ubukhosi kanye nobufascism.
Ukubuka Okuqhubekayo: Ukuze uthole olunye udlame olumelene ne-patriarchal, u-Marleen Gorris' A Umbuzo Wokuthula (1982) idrama yama-Dutch feminist ekhuluma ngeqembu labesifazane ababulala ngokuzenzakalelayo indoda ngoba becikwe ukucwasa ngokobulili komphakathi.
UJordani Flaherty uyintatheli kanye nomkhiqizi wefilimu kanye ne-TV. Ungabona okuningi ngomsebenzi wakhe ku jordanflaherty.org, nolunye uhlu lwamafilimu akhe ku medium.com/@imigqa yesibili.
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Ushiye ngaphandle 'Mnumzane! Cha Mnumzane!' ehlanganisa umlando wenhlangano ye-GI ngokumelene nempi. Lo mlando wokumelana ne-GI eMpini yaseVietnam unyamalale phansi emgodini wenkumbulo ye-Orwellian; namuhla akekho owaziyo ngakho. Konke kukhona. Ukuvukela kwe-Presidio, isibalo esikhulu sokuhlubuka, amaphephandaba angaphansi ashicilelwe amaqembu ama-GIs, inhlangano ye-Coffee House, i-Free Theatre Association (ehlinzekela ukuzijabulisa okulwa nempi kuma-GIs), ukwenqaba ukulwa, ukuhlakazwa kwezikhulu, njll. Insumansumane yombhikishi omelene nempi ophimisa ngamathe iyambozwa. UJerry Lembcke, umbhali we-'The Spitting Image' kuxoxwa naye. Lena enye yalawo madokhumentari okufanele wonke umuntu ayibone, njengoba ichaza umlando olahlekile abantu okudingeka bazi ngawo.