EGhana futhi I-Côte d'Ivoire ngenyanga edlule, amasosha ayi-1,300 ase-US, NATO, kanye nawe-Afrika ahlangane ukuze aziqeqeshe ngobuchule kanye nokugasela okuhlekisayo njengengxenye ye-Flintlock 2023, umsebenzi waminyaka yonke oxhaswe yi-US Special Operations Command Africa, noma i-SOCAFRICA. Phakathi kwamazwe abebambe iqhaza kubalwa iBurkina Faso, eke yaba khona kuvinjelwe ekwamukeleni usizo olukhulu lwezokuphepha lwase-US kusukela isikhulu esaqeqeshwa abantu baseMelika ezivivinyweni zangaphambilini ze-Flintlock saketula uhulumeni wakhe owakhethwa ngentando yeningi ekuketulweni umbuso ngonyaka odlule.
Izikhulu zamasosha aseMelika zichithe inyanga edlule zizama ukuchaza lesi simo esinelukuluku kuCongress kanye nabezindaba. I-Flintlock inikeza “ithuba lokuqeqeshwa elibalulekile” lamabutho okusebenza akhethekile avela e-US nase-Afrika kanye nethuba “lokushintshana ngemikhuba emihle,” U-Adm wangemuva u-Milton “Jamie” Sands, isikhulu seSOCAFRICA, sitshele iThe Intercept nezinye izintatheli ocingweni lwengqungquthela ngenyanga edlule. Akazange akusho lokho, ngokuhlolwa kwePentagon uqobo, Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula amaSulumane eSahel kunyuke kakhulu kanti nezokuphepha zehlile kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga Afrika kusukela iSOCAFRICA yaqala ukuqeqeshwa kweFlintlock ngo-2005. umbiko wakamuva we-Africa Centre for Strategic Studies yoMnyango Wezokuvikela.
Ujenene wezinkanyezi ezine ophethe i-US Africa Command, noma i-AFRICOM, ngesikhathi esifanayo, utshele i-House Armed Services Committee ukuthi amaphesenti amancane kuphela amaphoyisa aqeqeshwe e-US aketula ohulumeni bawo - kuyilapho evuma ukuthi akayazi inombolo eqondile. Lokhu kushukumisele u-Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., ukuthi abuze, “Kungani abakhokhintela base-US kufanele bakhokhe ukuze baqeqeshe abantu abazobe behola ukuketula umbuso e-Afrika?”
US Navy Rear Adm. U-Milton “Jamie” Sands, umkhuzi we-SOCAFRICA, uvakashela indawo yokuqeqesha yoSuku Lwezivakashi Ezivelele lwe-Flintlock eduze kwaseVolta, eGhana, ngoMashi 14, 2023.
Isithombe: Spc. UMario Hernandez Lopez/US Army
Ababekhona ku-Flintlock benze okungenani ukuketula umbuso kahlanu kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Kusukela ngo-2008, empeleni, izikhulu eziqeqeshwe e-US zizamile okungenani ukuketulwa umbuso okuyisishiyagalolunye (futhi waphumelela okungenani kwabayisishiyagalombili) emazweni amahlanu aseNtshonalanga Afrika, okuhlanganisa iBurkina Faso (kathathu), Guinea, Mali (kathathu), Mauritania, kanye neGambia.
Ababekhona ku-Flintlock benze okungenani ukuketula umbuso kahlanu kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule.
Ngaphambi kokuthi aketule umongameli waseBurkina Faso owakhethwa ngokwentando yeningi ngo-2022, isibonelo, uLt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba waya ezivivinyweni ze-Flintlock ngo-2010 nango-2020, ngokusho kwe-AFRICOM. Owayehlanganyele naye ku-Flintlock 2010, uGen. Gilbert Diendéré, waketula uhulumeni waseBurkina Faso ngo-2015.
Ngemva konyaka ehambele i-Flintlock 2019, uCol. Assimi Goïta wahola iqembu elibusayo elaketula uhulumeni waseMali. Ngemuva kokwenza lokho kuketula umbuso, uGoïta wehla esikhundleni wathatha umsebenzi wokuba iphini likamongameli kuhulumeni wesikhashana owawujutshwe ukubuyisela iMali embusweni wezakhamuzi. Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, wathatha amandla okwesibili.
Omunye umfundi we-Flintlock 2019, uCol. Mamady Doumbouya, usebenze njengomphathi weyunithi yaseGuinea ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ngokusho kwe-AFRICOM. Ngo-2021, amalungu ophiko lukaDoumbouya athatha isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa amaqhinga amayunithi amancane kanye nomthetho wokungqubuzana kwezikhali kaGreen Berets wokugasela esigodlweni sikamongameli futhi wehlise esikhundleni umongameli wezwe labo oneminyaka engama-83 ubudala, u-Alpha Condé. Doumbouya maduze wazisholo yena Umholi omusha waseGuinea. I-US yaqeda ukuqeqeshwa futhi yaziqhelelanisa nokuketula umbuso.
"Izindinganiso eziyinhloko yilokho esiqala ngakho," u-Gen. Michael Langley, isikhulu se-AFRICOM, etshela iKomidi le-House Armed Services ngenyanga edlule.
“Ingabe sihlanganyela lezo zimiso noCol. Doumbouya?” kubuza uGaetz.
“Impela, ohlelweni lwethu lwezifundo,” kuphendula u-Langley, okwenza u-Gaetz athathe kabili. IFlorida Republican kanye ne-AFRICOM yezinkanyezi ezine saqhubeka nokusenda:
Gaetz: Sithini? Wahola ukuketula umbuso. Kulungile, leyo yimpendulo ebaluleke kakhulu. EBurkina Faso, ingabe sabelana ngezimiso ezibalulekile nomholi esamqeqesha lapho owahola ukuketulwa umbuso?
ULangley: Isohlwini lwezifundo zethu.
Gaetz: Ukuketulwa umbuso okuphambili kukuhlelo lwethu lwezifundo?
U-Langley: Sigcizelela izindinganiso ezibalulekile. Sigcizelela ukubusa okuholwa abantu.
UGaetz: Linda, bambelela, ingabe uhola ukuketulwa umbuso ohlelweni lwethu lwezifundo?
ULangley: Lutho neze. Iholwa yizakhamuzi-
Gaetz: Umbuzo wami uthi, ingabe sabelana ngezimiso ezibalulekile nomholi wamavukelambuso eBurkina Faso esamqeqesha?
U-Langley: Ngokuphelele, sifundisa izindinganiso eziphelele ngokuhlonipha ukubusa kwabantu. … Sizoqhubeka nokuphikelela kwethu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi banemikhuba yentando yeningi, izimiso zentando yeningi, futhi [zi]ngezopolitiki.
Lapho ebuzwa mayelana izinyathelo eziqinile ezithathiwe zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abathameleli be-Flintlock 2023 ababachithi ohulumeni babo, uSands we-SOCAFRICA uthe, “Nakuba sihlala sigxile emthethweni, sesenze uhlelo olunzulu kakhulu kanye nokuhlanganisa imiphumela yalokho.”
UMaj. Anya Nikogosian, umhleli wezomthetho oholayo we-Flintlock 2023, uchaze esitatimendeni ukuthi ithimba lakhe "lengeze izici ezibalulekile zomthetho" kulo msebenzi, ogcizelele ukuthi imisebenzi kufanele yenziwe "ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka ze ... ukushushiswa kwamaphekula, nokuthuthukisa ukwethenjwa kwabantu base-Afrika kohulumeni babo.” Imininingwane ehlinzekwe yi-SOCAFRICA iphakamisa ukuthi i-Flintlock 2023 inikeze ukuqeqeshwa ukuze kube nokuxhumana okungcono phakathi kwezempi kanye nemithetho yomphakathi ophenyweni lokulwa nobushokobezi kulo nyaka kodwa ayizange inikeze zinyathelo ezihloselwe ukuvimbela ukuketula umbuso.
"Uma i-US ithi ikhathazekile ngemiphumela yokuketula umbuso, izikhulu zezempi zase-US kufanele zikhulume ngokusobala nabalingani bazo ngokubaluleka kokubusa kwezempi kanye nemiphumela yezomthetho ukuketulwa kombuso okuthola usizo lwe-US," uSarah Harrison, umhlaziyi ophezulu. kwi-International Crisis Group futhi owake waba ngummeli jikelele eHhovisi lika-General Counsel wePentagon, wezindaba zamazwe ngamazwe, utshele i-Intercept. “Imizamo ye-AFRICOM ayibonakali ibhekana nalokhu.
U-Erica De Bruin, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Indlela Yokunqanda I-Coups d'Etat: I-Counterbalancing kanye Nokusinda Kwe-Regime,” sathi nakuba u-Nikogosian noSands bebonakala bephikisana ngokuthi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwakuyimpendulo, iqiniso ngokuvamile liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uthe imvamisa, amasosha abhekana nezimo lapho amalungelo abantu kanye nokulawulwa kwezakhamuzi kuphikiswana khona, njengemiyalo kamongameli yokubeka phakathi amandla okuphatha noma ukulimaza izakhamizi. "Ngenxa yokushuba okunjalo," uDe Bruin utshele i-Intercept ku-imeyili, "izikhulu zezempi zivame ukungaphumeleli ekuzivikeleni - ukwenza ubumbano ukuze kugcinwe ubumbano, idumela, noma izithakazelo zamasosha njengesikhungo."
ULangley ugcizelele ukuthi "inani elincane kakhulu" labafundi baseMelika liketule ohulumeni babo, kodwa uGaetz, ecaphuna. Umbiko we-Intercept wokuketula umbuso ngamaphoyisa aseNtshonalanga Afrika aqeqeshwe yi-US, aveze lokho I-AFRICOM empeleni ayinalo ulwazi ukuthi zingaki ukuketulwa umbuso amacala ayo akwenzile, futhi ayigcini uhlu lokuthi kwenzeke kangaki ukuthumba okunjalo. "I-AFRICOM ayigcini isizindalwazi esinalolu lwazi," kusho okhulumela i-AFRICOM uKelly Cahalan etshela i-Intercept.
Ngenkathi uKaputeni u-Ibrahim Traoré esusa uDamiba eBurkina Faso ngoSepthemba odlule, i-The Intercept yabuza uCahalan ukuthi uTraoré naye usethole ukuqeqeshwa e-US. “Siyakubheka lokhu,” kusho yena, ebona umyalo odingekayo ukuze “kucwaningwe”. "Ngizokwazisa uma sengithole impendulo." Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, i-AFRICOM ayikanikezeli eyodwa.
UGaetz utshele uLangley ukuthi naye ufuna izimpendulo. "Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sazi okungenani ukuthi mangaki amazwe esiqeqesha kuwo abahleli bombuso, mangaki kakhulu, ngoba ... singasebenzisa izinsiza zethu ngempumelelo kakhulu kunokwenza lokhu," esho.
De Bruin, ophinde aqondise Uhlelo Lwezobulungiswa Nokuphepha e-Hamilton College eNew York, uthi kunesinyathelo esilula kakhulu i-United States engayithatha mayelana nokuvimbela i-putsch. "Ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu i-US okufanele livimbele ukuketula umbuso liphendula ngokushesha futhi ngokungaguquki ukugxeka imizamo yokuketula umbuso eyenzekayo, kanye [no] nokujezisa ohulumeni abafakwe esikhundleni," etshela i-Intercept. "Iqiniso liwukuthi i-US iyaqhubeka nokuphendula ngokungahambisani nokuketula umbuso, imvamisa ibheka ngenye indlela uma ihambisana nemigomo yenqubomgomo yangaphandle." Lokhu kungqubuzana, kusho uDe Bruin, "kukhuthaza amasosha ukuthi aqhubeke nokubabeka."
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