Isinqumo sangoLwesihlanu ekuseni esilindelwe ngabomvu seNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe “siphawula inkathi enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni [wenkantolo],” kusho uRichard Falk, uprofesa wezomthetho owaziwayo wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nowayenguMmeli Okhethekile WeZizwe Ezihlangene Ngamalungelo Abantu ePalestine Ethathiwe. Indawo.
"Kuqinisa izimangalo zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi zihlonishwe yizo zonke amazwe azimele - hhayi nje ezinye," kusho u-Falk mayelana nesinqumo se-ICJ sokuthi ukwethulwa kobufakazi baseNingizimu Afrika "kwakwanele ukuphetha ngokuthi" u-Israel angase enze, enze itulo lokuzibophezela, noma ukugqugquzela esidlangalaleni ikhomishini yokubulawa kohlanga ngokumelene namaPalestine eGaza.
Isinqumo se-ICJ sinikeze amandla amasha ekufezweni okubalulekile kweNingizimu Afrika - ukubhidliza isikweleti esimelene nokuba i-Israel iziphendulele ngamacala ayo. Njengoba uMnyango Wezangaphandle waseNingizimu Afrika wakubeka, "Namuhla kuphawula ukunqoba okubalulekile komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nengqophamlando ebalulekile ekufuneni ubulungisa kubantu basePalestine."
“Isinqumo siyisikhulu,” kusho uMnyango Wezangaphandle, uphawula ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuzimisela ukuze kusetshenziswe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. "INingizimu Afrika ibonga iNkantolo ngesinqumo sayo esisheshayo."
Isinqumo sangoLwesihlanu sibe ukunqoba okubalulekile okungaphezu kwalokho iningi lezingqapheli ebezikulindele - hhayi nje kuphela ukuqaphela ukuthi izenzo zika-Israel ziwukuqothula isizwe, kodwa ngenxa yokunqunywa kwezinyathelo zesikhashana ezisekelwe ezinyathelweni iNingizimu Afrika eyazicela ukuze kunqandwe izenzo ze-Israel eziqhubeka nokubulala nokubulala. beka abasePalestine engozini.
Lesi sinqumo sasibaluleke kakhulu futhi ngenxa yobuningi bamajaji ayesisekela, kuhlanganise nejaji laseMelika kuphela enkantolo. Lapho umongameli wenkantolo, iJaji Joan Donoghue, owayengummeli woMnyango Wezwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba aqokelwe e-ICJ, efunda izinyathelo zesikhashana, wafaka nohlu lwendlela amajaji avotela ngayo ngalinye. Futhi wayephakathi kwamajaji angu-15 noma angu-16 kwangu-17 ayesekela wonke amajaji.
Nakuba amajaji esebenza njengabantu ngabanye futhi akufanele amelele ohulumeni bawo, akungabazeki ukuthi ukwethembeka kuzwelonke nokunye ukucabangela kwezombusazwe kuvame ukuvela. Kuleli cala, yijaji lase-Uganda kuphela elaphikisa zonke izinyathelo zenkantolo kuyilapho ijaji lesikhashana lakwa-Israel laphikisa abane kwabayisithupha.
Akufanele kumangaze ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kokuqala kubone ukuthi impi ka-Israyeli ngokumelene nabo bonke abantu baseGaza ingase ihlanganise ukubulawa kwabantu. Incazelo, ngaphansi kwe-Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, ithi izinto ezimbili ezidingekayo ukuze kufezeke leyo ncazelo: inhloso ethile yokubhubhisa bonke noma ingxenye yohlanga, uhlanga, inkolo noma elinye iqembu (kulokhu inani labantu basePalestine eGaza), kanye nekhomishana noma ukuzama ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo esisodwa kwezinhlanu ukuze kufezeke leyo nhloso. INingizimu Afrika yethule ubufakazi bokuthi i-Israel isivele yenza - futhi ibopha itulo lokuzibophezela kanye nokugqugquzela ukuzibophezela - okungenani ezine zalezo zenzo: ukubulala, ukulimaza kanzima amalungu eqembu, ukudala izimo ezenza kube nzima ukusinda, nokuvimbela ukuzalwa ngaphakathi kweqembu. iqembu. Isinqumo se-ICJ bekungesona isinqumo esigcwele samaqiniso nomthetho - njengenjwayelo, lezo zindaba ezinkundleni zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe zithatha iminyaka. Lolu hlobo lokutholwa kokuqala ludinga ibha ephansi kakhulu, kuphela ukuthi "kusobala" ukuthi izenzo zezempi zakwa-Israyeli, ukuvinjezelwa nokunye kungatholakala ngokusobala ukuthi kwenza ukuqothulwa kohlanga.
Kuthathe amasonto amabili kuphela inkantolo ukuthi ikhiphe lesi sinqumo, nakuba kusekude kakhulu uma kubhekwa izibalo zabantu amasosha akwa-Israel ababulala nsuku zonke. Kodwa sisamele isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu esizodlala indima enkulu ekuqiniseni umnyakazo okhulayo, onwebayo wamalungelo asePalestine manje odlala indima engakaze ibonwe e-US kanye nepolitiki yomhlaba wonke.
Futhi-ke i-ICJ yaqhubekela phambili, yabeka izinyathelo zesikhashana eziyisithupha zokuzama nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo abantu basePalestine angase avikelwe kulezo zenzo. Izinyathelo ezibekwe yinkantolo zithi i-Israel "izothatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo" ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kwanoma yiziphi izenzo ezinhlanu ezishiwo ku-Genocide Convention, ukuthi iqinisekise ukuthi amasosha ayo awenzi noma yisiphi salezo zenzo, ukuthi ajezise. noma yikuphi ukugqugquzelwa komphakathi kulezo zenzo, ukuthi ithatha zonke izinyathelo zokuhlinzeka ngosizo lobuntu, ukuvimbela ukucekelwa phansi kobufakazi obuhambisana namacala okubulala abantu, kanye nokubikela inkantolo phakathi nenyanga eyodwa ngalokho okwenziwa yi-Tel Aviv ukuze ihambisane nesinqumo senkantolo. obusayo.
Isilinganiso sokuqala yisona sodwa esenziwe buthaka yinkantolo. INingizimu Afrika yayicele ukumiswa ngokushesha kokusebenza kwezempi: ukumiswa kokudubula. Ulimi lwe-ICJ lubhekisela kuphela ekuthatheni "zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo" ukuvimbela izenzo ezinhlanu zokuqothula isizwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphela kwangempela kokuhlaselwa kwezempi. Kodwa-ke, isinyathelo sesibili seNkantolo siphendula ngokungananazi lolo limi olubuthakathaka ngokugcina isicelo saseNingizimu Afrika sokuthi i-Israel iqinisekise “ukuthi amasosha awenzi” noma yiziphi izenzo ezifanele — okusho ukuthi i-IDF kufanele iyeke ukubulala abantu futhi ivinjwe ukwenza. ngakho. Akugcini nje ukuvinjelwa ekubulaleni abantu “abaningi kakhulu,” njengoba abaphathi bakaMongameli uJoe Biden nabanye benxuse, kodwa bavimbele ukubulala noma yibaphi abantu.
Kuzo zombili izimo kazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, isinqumo seNkantolo sibeka inkinga enkulu kubaphathi beBiden. Izikhulu ze-White House kanye noMnyango Wezwe zathatha lesi sinqumo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iNingizimu Afrika ifake isicelo sayo ku-ICJ sokuthi isimangalo sokubulawa kohlanga “akusizi ngalutho.” Kodwa ngesinqumo senkantolo esivumelana ngazwi linye sokuthi ukuhlasela kuka-Israyeli eGaza kuwukubulala ngokusobala - futhi njengoba ijaji elilodwa lase-US limi neningi - leso simo sengqondo sokuphika, kanye nezinsolo ezihambisanayo zokuthi "i-UN ichema no-Israyeli" ngeke ithole. ukudonsa okuningi.
Ngemva kwemizuzwana nje iJaji u-Donoghue eqede ukufunda isinqumo senkantolo, u-Falk waveza ukuthi "lo mphumela ubeka inkinga enkulu yezombusazwe ehhovisi likamongameli wase-Biden".
"Ngiyethemba kuphela ukuthi uBiden, ngalesi sikhathi," kusho uFalk, "azomela ubulungiswa."
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba izinqumo ze-ICJ zibophezela emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe, asikho isikhalazo, futhi aziziphoqeleli. Inkantolo ayinaso ibutho ngisho namaphoyisa angathumela umhlaba wonke ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imiyalelo yawo iyasebenza. Lokhu enakho, njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-UN, izinga lokwethembeka okungajwayelekile. Wonke amazwe aboshwe ngezinqumo zawo.
I-Genocide Convention ngokwayo, ngokungafani nezingxenye eziningi zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ibeka izibopho ezithile kubo bonke abathintekayo esivumelwaneni - hhayi kuphela emazweni angase abekwe icala lokwephula imigomo yaso. Ngakho isinqumo sangoLwesihlanu se-ICJ sisebenza kubo bonke ohulumeni abayi-153 abayingxenye ye-Genocide Convention - okusho ukuthi banezibopho eziqondile zokuvimbela ukubulawa kohlanga, ukukumisa uma kwenzeka, bangabi nesandla ezenzweni zokuqothula uhlanga, futhi bajezise noma yikuphi ukugqugquzela ukuqothulwa kohlanga. ukuqothulwa kohlanga okungenzeka kwenzeke emazweni abo.
Lokho kusho ukuthi uma lesi sinqumo siya eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo, futhi uma, njengoba kungenzeka, i-United States iyivotele leyo mizamo, bese iya ku-General Assembly, maningi amathuba avelayo.
Lesi sinqumo ngokuyisisekelo, noma ngabe esokuqala, sihlinzeka ngethuluzi elisha elibalulekile lokuhlanganisa kanye nemikhankaso yokuphoqa ohulumeni ukuthi bakhuphule ingcindezi yabo yokumisa ukubulawa kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli. Kuyithuluzi lemikhankaso yokuqeda umlilo eqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele. E-United States kuzoba yithuluzi elihehayo kubantu beCongress, imikhandlu yamadolobha, amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo - kanye nabaphathi beBiden - ukusekela ukumiswa komlilo. Ngoba manje akuwona nje umbuzo wesibopho sokuziphatha sokumisa ukubulawa kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abangenacala, kumayelana nokuthobela izimfuneko zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi kwabanye abantu, lokho kungenza umehluko.
Ngaleli thuluzi elisha esandleni, ukuguqukela kwe-US ekusekeleni - nokufuna - ukuqeda umlilo kungenzeka maduze nje.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela