[Esi sisincoko seshumi elinesibini kungcelele lwamacandelo amaninzi esithetha ngokukhula komdla kunye nenkxaso yeSocialism, ukuba lithetha ukuthini eli phulo, lifuna ntoni okanye liza kukufuna ntoni, apho linganwenwela khona, kwaye linokuthi gqi njani.]
Kuqoqosho izinto ziyaveliswa kwaye izinto ziyatyiwa. Yimalini kwaye ngubani? Iindawo zokusebenza zivelisa oku okanye okuya. Yintoni kwaye kangakanani? Sonke sinemivuzo. Ingakanani ingeniso enokuthengwa ngayo nayiphi na into ethile? Ngaba oko abantu bafuna ukuhambelana noko bafuna ukuvelisa abasebenzi?
Ulwabiwo lumalunga nendlela abathathi-nxaxheba bezoqoqosho ngokudibeneyo baseka ngayo ixabiso elihambelanayo, ukuba abasebenzi bahlala njani malunga nokuba yintoni kwaye bavelise kangakanani, kwaye abathengi bahlala njani njengabantu ngabanye kunye namaqela malunga noko bafuna ukuba nakho kwimveliso yentlalontle. Ulwabiwo ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzeka ngendlela yeemarike okanye isicwangciso esiphakathi okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini. Kodwa singakwazi ukudibanisa iimarike okanye isicwangciso esisembindini okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini kunye nomvuzo olinganayo, abasebenzi abazilawulayo kunye namabhunga abathengi, kunye nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungelelanisiweyo ukugqibezela imiba ephambili yesocialism esiyikhethayo?
Isicwangciso esisembindini ibikukhetho lwezoqoqosho ezininzi ezizibize ngokuba โnobusoshiyaliโ (kodwa ngabaququzeleli bokwenene). Ucwangciso olusembindini lukwakhona, kunye kuphela umahluko ophakathi, osetyenziswa kwiiyunithi ezinkulu zemveliso ezifana neBoeing kunye neGeneral Motors ukwaba iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namashumi amawaka abasebenzi phakathi kweendawo ezininzi.
Kwisicwangciso esisembindini, i-arhente yokucwangcisa ifuna kwaye ivavanye ulwazi kubasebenzi kunye nabathengi kwaye iphakamisa igalelo kunye neziphumo kuzo zonke iiyunithi zoqoqosho. Iiyunithi ziqwalasela imiyalelo yazo kwaye mhlawumbi ziyenze okanye zibhalise iingxaki ezicinga ukuba ziya kuvela ngokwenza oko. Abacwangcisi abaphambili bavavanya iingxaki eziqikelelweyo kwaye umjikelo uphinda ufike kwisiphelo sawo xa abacwangcisi bengasafuni iimpendulo. Inkqubo iphantsi kwemibuzo (efuna ulwazi), iimpendulo zinyuka; imiyalelo yehla, nyuka iye iinkxalabo/iingxaki; ngezantsi hamba imiyalelo, phezulu kuya kuthobela. Kwinkqubo kukho iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, kodwa akukho nto iguqula ingqiqo.
Njengoko ucwangciso olusembindini lube yinxalenye ephambili kuqoqosho oluninzi olusemva kongxowankulu, lusoloko luphantsi kokugxekwa ngokungenalusini ngabathetheleli bobukapitali, nto leyo ukugxekwa, nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu becala obungacingelwanga kakuhle. Iingcali zezoqoqosho ezingundoqo zithi ucwangciso olusembindini alunakusebenza. Kukho ulwazi oluninzi, inkuthazo igqwethiwe, njalo njalo. Izinto ezintathu zazingaqhelekanga ngale nto. Okokuqala, kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka yokusebenza ubuncinane ngokwemigaqo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho, ucwangciso olusembindini weSoviet lusebenze kakuhle. Ngenene ukuthelekisa iSoviet Union namazwe anophuhliso oluthelekisekayo ukusuka ekusekweni kwayo kule minyaka ingamashumi amahlanu ilandelayo, umzekelo uthelekisa i-USSR kunye neBrazil, iziphumo zeSoviet zaziphezulu kwimveliso, kuphuhliso, kunye nezinye izikhombisi ezininzi. Okwesibini, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, iifemu ezinkulu zase-US, kwiimeko ezininzi ezinokuthelekiswa ngokwezoqoqosho okanye ezinkulu kunamazwe amancinci, zisebenzise ucwangciso olusembindini ukwaba abasebenzi bazo phakathi kweeyunithi zabo amashumi eminyaka, kwaye, kwakhona, ubuncinci ngokubala okuqhelekileyo benze kakuhle. Kwaye okwesithathu, kwiijenali zobugcisa, kungekhona ii-akhawunti ezidumileyo, i-economists eziqhelekileyo zivuma ukusebenza kocwangciso oluphakathi. Obo bubuxoki obuninzi boluntu โ isicwangciso esisembindini asinako Ukwaba ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi โ kunokuxelelwa kwaye kugcinwe makungamangalisi ngokugqithisileyo. Qwalasela ubuxoki bokuba abasebenzi abanakwenza umsebenzi oxhobisayo, okanye ubuxoki bokuba abanini banemveliso ephezulu kwaye kufuneka bafumane ingeniso kuye nabani na ongaphantsi ukuze axhamle โ njalo njalo.
Kodwa, ukuba isicwangciso esisembindini sinokwenza ukuba izinto zivelise kwaye zisasazwe, kutheni singayisebenziseli uqoqosho lwethu esilukhethayo?
Kucwangciso olusembindini, abasebenzi kunye nabathengi kufuneka ekugqibeleni bathobele imiyalelo eveliswa ngabacwangcisi. Kukho isigqibo esimxinwa esiphezulu kunye nesigqibo esibanzi sokuthobela ezantsi. Ngakumbi, abacwangcisi basembindini abanamdla wokoyisa ukuxhathisa okuvela kwiiyunithi zasekhaya. Abacwangcisi abangundoqo ke ngoko abafuni ukuba iindawo zokusebenza kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo zilawuleke ngokwazo ngabasebenzi abaya kuthi baxhathise imiyalelo yabacwangcisi. Kunoko, bafuna ukusebenzisana nabantu abanomdla ofanayo kubo. Ngamanye amazwi abacwangcisi abaphakathi, abakwiklasi yomnxibelelanisi, bafuna ukunxibelelana nabanye abakwiklasi yomnxibelelanisi. Yiloo nto abayiqondayo. Lowo ubaqondayo. Ayibandakanyi ukruthakruthwano olungeyomfuneko. Ngoko ke, iifemu zangaphakathi kuqoqosho olucetyiweyo olusembindini, ulawulo lwequmrhu oludala oluqhelekileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezigunyazisiweyo ezikumbindi kukhethwa kakhulu, kwaye kuphunyezwe. Esi sisicwangciso esisembindini esibhukuqa iminqweno yezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo kwaye ke ngoko ukuzilawula. Nokuba ngaba abacwangcisi banyanisekile kwaye abangonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza ngamandla abo, ngokuhamba kwexesha bazivuza bona kunye nabantu abanjengabo ngaphezu kwabasebenzi. Kutheni โabantu bezithandaโ? Ngenxa yokuba ukuthethelelwa kwemivuzo yabo ephezulu kuba yimfundo yabo enkulu, uqeqesho, izakhono, unxibelelwano, kunye noxanduva lokwenza izigqibo, kwaye ukuba eso sizathu sinyanzelekile, kufuneka sinikwe imbeko kubo bonke abanazo "iziqinisekiso," okuthetha ukuba abaceba umbindi, kodwa nabo baxhotyisiweyo kwiiyunithi zengingqi.
Ngamanye amazwi, abacwangcisi abaphakathi bafuna ii-arhente zasekuhlaleni eziya kubamba abasebenzi ngokwemimiselo abacwangcisi abaphakathi bagqibe. Ezi arhente zendawo kufuneka zibe ngabagunyazisiweyo ekuhlaleni. Iziqinisekiso zabo kufuneka zibe semthethweni kwaye zinciphise abanye abadlali ukuba bathobele. Ucwangciso oluphakathi ke ngoko, lubeka udidi lomnxibelelanisi ukuba lulawule abasebenzi, kunye nabasebenzi, ngokunjalo, benziwe abaphantsi kuphela kuzwelonke, kodwa kwindawo nganye yokusebenzela, yiyo loo nto isicwangciso esisembindini asiyiyo inketho yoqoqosho olungenaklasi ngokwenene esijonge ukuyidala. .
Kuthekani ngeemarike? Kuyavela ukuba nabo bangabhukuqa ezinye iinzuzo zethu. Okokuqala, iimarike zitshabalalisa ngoko nangoko umvuzo olinganayo kuba iimarike zivuza imveliso kunye negunya leengxoxo endaweni yobude bexesha kuphela, ubunzulu, kunye nokudinwa komsebenzi oxatyisiweyo ekuhlaleni.
Okwesibini, iimarike zinyanzela abathengi kunye nabathengisi ukuba bazame ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye bathengise ngexabiso eliphantsi, nganye ibaleka enye kangangoko banako ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo. Iimarike, ngamanye amazwi, zivelisa ukuchasana noluntu, hayi umanyano. Sihambela phambili ngokucinezela abanye, kungekhona ukusebenzisana nabo.
Okwesithathu, iimarike zivelisa ngokucacileyo ukungoneliseki kuba kuphela ngabantu abanganelisekanga abathenga ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nto leyo abathengisi abanqwenela ukuba abantu bayenze. Njengomlawuli jikelele weGeneral Motors 'Research Labs, uCharles Kettering oye wazisa rhoqo utshintsho lwemodeli yeemoto zeGM wabeka: ishishini lifuna ukudala "umthengi onganelisekanga"; injongo yawo โkukudala ukungoneliseki okulungelelanisiweyo.โ Ingcamango yayikukuba ukuphelelwa lixesha okucwangcisiweyo kuya kwenza umthengi angoneliseki yimoto asele enayo.
Okwesine, amaxabiso kwinkqubo yorhwebo akabonisi zonke iindleko zentlalo kunye neenzuzo. Amaxabiso emarike ngeyona ndlela athathela ingqalelo kuphela impembelelo yomsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kubathengi kunye nabathengisi abakhawulezileyo (abalamlwe ngamandla abo) kodwa hayi impembelelo kwabo bachaphazelekileyo, kubandakanywa abo bachatshazelwe lungcoliseko okanye, ngaloo nto, ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezintle. . Ngamanye amazwi kuphela umthengi othe ngqo kunye nomthengisi bangena kutshintshiselwano lwemarike - kungekhona abo bachaphazelekayo kumgama. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimarike zisoloko zisophula ulungelelwaniso lwendalo kunye nozinzo, kuncinci kakhulu ubugosa. Babeka bonke abantu ngaphandle kolona luntu lutyebileyo kwidebhithi edibeneyo yamanzi, umoya, isandi, kunye nokufumaneka koluntu.
Okwesihlanu, iimarike zikwavelisa ulawulo lwezigqibo, hayi ukuzilawula. Oku akwenzeki kuphela ngenxa yeyantlukwano eveliswa yimarike kubutyebi obuguqulela kumandla ahlukeneyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukhuphiswano lweemarike lunyanzelela neendawo zokusebenza ezisekwe kwibhunga ukuba zicuthe iindleko kwaye zifune isabelo semarike nokuba ithini na imiphumo elandelayo. Ukukhuphisana, kwaneendawo zokusebenza namabhunga azilawulayo, imivuzo elinganayo, kunye nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo azinandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokukhusela abanye abasebenzi kubunzima obubangelwa kukuthotywa kweendleko-ukuze abo bantu bafumanise ukuba zeziphi iindleko zokucuthwa kunye nendlela yokuvelisa. imveliso engaphezulu ngeendleko zomsebenzi (kunye nomthengi) ukuzaliseka, kodwa hayi ngeendleko zabo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucutha iindleko โ kwaye ngenye indlela kunyanzeliswe ululeko lwemarike โ nokuqala ngamabhunga kunye nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo, ingqiqo yemarike ibangela ukuba udidi lomnxibelelanisi luvele ngaphezu kwabasebenzi nto leyo eyandisa amandla awongezelelekileyo kuye kwaye itshitshise ukuzilawula kunye nobulungisa.
Oko kukuthi, phantsi koxinzelelo lokhuphiswano lwemarike, nayiphi na ifemu endiyisebenzelayo kufuneka izame ukwandisa ingeniso yayo ukuze ihambelane neefemu ezikhuphisanayo. Ukuba inkampani yam ayiyenzi loo nto, siya kuphulukana nemisebenzi yethu. Ngoko ke kufuneka sizame ukulahla iindleko zethu kwabanye. Kufuneka sifune ingeniso eninzi kangangoko sinakho โ nangokusebenzisa usetyenziso olugqithisileyo. Kufuneka sinciphise iindleko zethu zemveliso - kubandakanywa ukunciphisa ubutofotofo kubasebenzi kunye nokuqinisa umsebenzi ngokungafanelekanga. Ukusukelana nazo zonke ezi ndlela zokuphumelela kwintengiso, nangona kunjalo, umntu kufuneka angava iintlungu ezibangelwa lukhetho, ngoko ke baya kuzinyanzela ngokukhululekileyo. Ke nakwifem eqale yazibophelela kulawulo lwesiqu sakho kunye nolungelelwaniso lwemisebenzi, ukuba kufuneka sisebenze kwimeko yemalike, iindima zethu ziya kuthi ekuhambeni kwexesha zisinyanzele ukuba siqeshe abantu abanengqondo ekhaliphileyo nebalayo efana nezo zezikolo zoshishino. velisa. Kuya kufuneka ke sibanike aba basebenzi batsha bangenamsebenzi ii-ofisi ezine-air conditioning kunye neendawo ezihlala kamnandi. Ekugqibeleni kuya kufuneka sithethe kubo, kulungile, sinciphise iindleko zethu ukuze siqinisekise ukuphila kwethu kwindawo yentengiso. Ngamanye amazwi, kuya kufuneka sizinyanzele ngokwethu udidi lomnxibelelanisi, kungekhona ngenxa yomthetho wendalo, kwaye kungekhona ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwengqondo yangaphakathi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimarike ziya kusinyanzela ukuba sizithobe kumququzeleli we-elite esiyamkelayo kwaye siyakwamkela, hleze thina Indawo yokusebenza ilahlekelwa isabelo semarike kunye neengeniso, kwaye ekugqibeleni uphume kwishishini.
Abanye baya kubanga ukuba zonke ezi ntsilelo zeemarike aziyomveliso yeemakethi nganye, kodwa ziimarike ezingafezekanga ezingakhange zifikelele imeko yokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo. Oku kufana nokuthetha ukuba izifo ezinxulumene nokusela i-arsenic zenzeka ngenxa yokuba asizange sifumane i-arsenic ecocekileyo, kodwa kuphela i-arsenic engcolileyo kunye nezinye izithako. Kwelinye icala, ukubiza iimarike ezigqibeleleyo kuyayihoya into yokuba kuluntu lokwenyani akukho nto injengokhuphiswano olungenamvisiswano, ke ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuhlala sifumana iimarike ezingafezekanga. Kodwa okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, ikwayihoya into yokuba imiphumo eyingozi yeemarike ayinciphi xa ukhuphiswano lwenziwa lugqibelele ngakumbi - luyaqinisa.
Ngokwembali, uqoqosho olusondeleyo lufikelele kwinkqubo yentengiso esulungekileyo - ngaphandle kongenelelo lukarhulumente kunye namacandelo ambalwa kangangoko alawulwa yimizi-mveliso enye okanye amaqela emizi-mveliso, kunye neemanyano ezimbalwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka - kokukhona iimpembelelo zentlalo ziye zaba mandundu. Umzekelo, kunqabile, ukuba kukhe kwakho, kubekho iimarike ezikhuphisanayo njengezo zaseBritane ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukanti, phantsi kolawulo lwezo marike ziphantse zigqibelele, abantwana abancinci bahlala besiva ubunzima bokusweleka kwangoko besebenza ixesha elide kwiindawo zokusila zelo xesha. . Ingongoma ikukuba, iimarike ezisebenza kakuhle zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoqoqosho kodwa kungenjalo azikhuthazi ukugqwesa nangaluphi na uhlobo. Abachasi โ kwaye bade baququzelele โ ukonakaliswa kwenkcubeko nokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, ukufuna uqoqosho olunokuzisa ukulingana, ubumbano, iyantlukwano, kunye nokuzilawula kuthetha ukwala iimarike njengesixhobo sokwabiwa.
Ingxaki yolwabiwo esijongene nayo ekuzameni ukukhulelwa uqoqosho olulungileyo kukuba (njengoko kunokubonwa kwiYugoslavia yakudala kunye neSoviet Union) nangaphandle kobunini babucala beendlela zokuvelisa, iimarike kunye nocwangciso oluphakathi lubhukuqa umvuzo olinganayo, lubhangise ulawulo lokuzimela, iimveliso zexabiso elibi kakhulu, zaphula i-ecology, zinyanzelise inkuthazo ezichasene noluntu, kwaye zinyanzelise ulwahlulo lweklasi kunye nomthetho weklasi.
Olu luhlobo kanye lwento indlela yethu yokucinga malunga noqoqosho esidibana nayo. Yimeko yamaziko athile - iimarike kunye nocwangciso oluphakathi - aneempawu zendima eziphazamisa iinjongo zethu. Kukwabanjelwe okufanayo kulwahlulo lwabasebenzi, oluxoxiwe ngaphambili, kunye nobunini babucala bee-asethi ezinemveliso. Indima yabo nayo yayichasene nemilinganiselo esiyithandayo. Yiyo loo nto kwafuneka ukuba sigqithe kuzo. Kwaye ngoku sibona ukubamba okufanayo kwiimarike kunye nocwangciso oluphakathi.
Ulwabiwo yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yobomi boqoqosho. Intsonkothile kwaye ibalulekile. Ukuhlanganisa umbono omtsha wezoqoqosho kufuneka siqulunqe indlela enokuthi iqinisekise ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwaye inxibelelane ngolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga neendleko zokwenyani zentlalo kunye neenzuzo zokhetho lwezoqoqosho, ngelixa ukunika abasebenzi kunye nabathengi impembelelo ekukhetheni ngokulinganayo ngokwenqanaba abachaphazelekayo. Oku kuya kuba yinjongo yesincoko esilandelayo kolu ngcelele โlwentlalontleโ.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
5 izimvo
KuMarko,
Kakade ke, abantu benza izinto ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenkqubo okanye inkcubeko abayinxalenye yayo. Zininzi izinto ezibalulekileyo, eziquka ubunkokeli belizwe, obubandakanya abaninzi ababumba imbono- abezopolitiko, amajelo eendaba, abafundisi-ntsapho, abo bazizityebi nabayalela izibonelelo nemveliso, njl. njl. Kukwakho nezinye iinkalo. Uninzi lwento esiyiyo e-US isavela kwi-colonization yaseYurophu, ukoyisa, ukutshabalalisa abantu bomthonyama kwimbali yangaphambili, ukwakhiwa kunye noqoqosho kwiinkulungwane ngezigidi zamakhoboka, kwaye njalo njalo. Ukufunda indlela esifike ngayo kwindawo esikuyo kubalulekile kwaye kufuna umsebenzi. Baninzi ababhali abanokukunceda kumsebenzi wakho kunye nale webhusayithi, nayo.
Ngamafutshane, โumntu omtshaโ ubhekisela kwindoda nebhinqa elitsha, abaneembono neenjongo ezingathathiyo kwabaninzi ukuze batyebise abambalwa. Kwaye xa ndisithi โonjani wona umsebenzi,โ sisikhuzo, โOnjani wona umsebenzi!โ Mhlawumbi mkhulu kunoko sinokukwenza, kodwa ndisenethemba ngobudenge.
Enkosi uMichael!
Isizathu sokuba ndibuze kungenxa yokuba, kutsha nje, ndiye ndanomdla kulo mbuzo.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba iinjongo zoluntu ngokubanzi yile nto uthi ziyiyo, ndiyasibona isizathu sokuba ucinga ukuba inguqu inokuba sisenzo esinjalo. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo? Ngaba oku kuboniswa luphando? Ngaba ngokwenene abantu bathwele ezo ngcamango kunye neenjongo ezijikeleze iintloko zabo okanye ngaba benza nje ngengqiqo kwinkqubo engenangqiqo? Mhlawumbi kwaabantu abafanayo bangenza ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela eyahluke kakhulu?
I-Economics imalunga nemveliso, ukuvelisa oko abathengi kunye nababumbi bemfuno, iminqweno. Kwiinkqubo zongxowankulu, iziphelo zezinto eziphathekayo, iimveliso, zenza umdlalo wokugqibela. Ukuze usoshiyali bube yinto yokwenene kufuna umntu omtsha, lowo ufunayo aphumeze iziphelo zesisa, endilisekileyo, ezinobulungisa, ezinobulungisa aze enze umntu aqhubele phambili ngeendlela ezizuzisa bonke abantu. Ukubawa, ukuzingca, nokukhuphisana zimele zibe bubudenge. Esinjani sona isithembiso.
Sawubona uMikayeli,
Ndinomdla kuluvo lwakho xa usithi "umntu omtsha" kunye "nomsebenzi onjani". Ungathetha kancinci malunga noku?