Kutshanje Jacobin Inqaku elithetha ngendlela uKarl Marx awaqala ukugqalwa ngayo liquka ezi zivakalisi zibini: “Namhlanje, abantu abaselula abaninzi bamatsha besiya ngasekhohlo emanyathelweni [kaMarx] besuka kwinkanuko yenkululeko ukusa ekugxekeni ubukhapitali. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo noMarx, banaso sonke isithethe sobuMarx esibakhokelayo.”
Ngaba ukuthabatha “sonke isithethe sobuMarx” njengesikhokelo kuya kuveza “ulutsha olumatsha lubheke ngasekhohlo” ezona nkalo zibalulekileyo zeemeko zabo abaya kuzifuna ukuze baphumelele ekuzuzeni uluntu olungcono? Ubundlobongela bamapolisa. Ukukhanyela ukuqhomfa. Ukukhawulezisa ukungalingani. Ukuwohloka kwemozulu. Imfazwe. UbuFasi. Kunye nokuninzi. Ukuze sisabele ngokunempumelelo, ngaba sifanele sizibhokoxe kwimibhalo kaMarx?
Iiveki, iinyanga, iminyaka, namashumi eminyaka iza kwaye ihamba. "Iingcali" zasekhohlo zibhengeza "uMarx uthe. UMarx wayeyazi loo nto. UMarx wayifundisa. Ukuphumelela ihlabathi elingcono, kufuneka sitshayele iMisebenzi eQokelelweyo kaMarx. Sifanele sikhokelwe sisithethe sikaMarxist siphela.” Kodwa ngaba kuyinyaniso ukuba ukuba asimfundisi nzulu uMarx ukuze sifunde iimpendulo zakhe zakudala kwimibuzo yethu yangoku—yaye ukuba asimfundisi nzulu uLenin noTrotsky ukuze sifunde iimpendulo zabo ngokunjalo—ngoko ulwazi lwethu, ukulungiselela nokucinga kwethu. ayiyi kuhambisela phambili iintswelo neminqweno yethu?
Indoda enkulu eneendevu, isigidimi esinethemba, oyena mfundisi-ntsapho ubalaseleyo, oyena mthwali weflegi udumileyo wabhala wathi “Isithethe sazo zonke izizukulwana ezifileyo sinobunzima obufana nephupha elibi kwiingqondo zabaphilayo.”
Abangezo-Marxologists banokucinga ukuba uMarx kufuneka ukuba wayebhekiselele kwisiphumo sesiko lezizukulwana ezifileyo kwiimpendulo ezinqwenela ukubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Noko ke, kuyavela ukuba ngokuqhubeka sifunda sifumanisa ukuba abachasi bezimvo babengeyiyo eyona njongo kaMarx: “Kwaye kanye njengokuba bebonakala bexakeke kukuzama ukuziguqula izinto nezinto, bedala into ebingekho ngaphambili, kanye ngala maxesha entlekele yenguqu. ngokunxungupheleyo ukuvuselela umoya wexesha elidluleyo kwinkonzo yawo, eboleka kuwo amagama, amazwi edabi nezinxibo ukuze abonise lo mbono mtsha kwimbali yehlabathi ekuhambeni kwexesha wahlonelwa ngokufihlakeleyo nolwimi olubolekwayo.”
Ngoko yayingabavukeli, kungekhona abachasi, ukuba uMarx wayegxeka ngobuchule ngenxa yokuboleka "amagama, izilogeni zedabi kunye neempahla" zangaphambili ukuze abonise into yangoku "ngendlela ehloniphekileyo yokufihla kunye nolwimi olubolekwayo" de sifumane ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo, namhlanje. kunxitywa ngathi bekuyizolo, kwaye oku kwenziwa, ngokumangalisayo, ngabo bathi bafuna ingomso.
Abanye bazothi ndiyayibaxa ingxaki. Mhlawumbi, kodwa ngaba uMarx wayibaxa naye? Masithi ucinga ukuba usebenza kwisithethe somntu ocinga ongasekhoyo. Ngaba ufanele uyibhengeze? Ngaba ufanele uyibhale ezantsi? Ngaba kufuneka ukhuthaze izicatshulwa ezindala ozikhethayo kwabanye? Yintoni iqabane elizimisele ukwenza ntoni?
Xa ndibuzwa loo mbuzo, into endiyibonayo kuqala kukuba akukho mfuneko yokubonisa umnombo wakho, ngakumbi ukuwuhlaba ngexilongo nokuba umnombo wakho obangwayo uqaqambile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo endaweni yoko kukuyenza icace into oyikholelwayo ngokwakho kwaye ubonise ukuba kutheni uyikholelwa usebenzisa awakho amazwi anamhlanje. Ngaba asinakuvuma ukuba apha kunqabile ukuba kuthethwe amazwi abantu abafileyo yaye ingakumbi ukuba akukho sizathu sokuwaphatha amazwi abantu abafileyo njengesibhalo, ngokungathi ukucaphula nje amazwi anjalo kunikela impikiswano okanye ubungqina. Endaweni yoko, ukubonakalisa uthando lwethu egameni leenjongo zethu ngelixa sikwajongana nezinto ezilindelweyo, uloyiko, kunye namava abo sithetha nabo, kutheni singabonisi amava afanelekileyo kunye nonxibelelwano olunengqiqo kumagama ethu angoku njengoko kungqinwa kumaxesha ethu angoku. ?
Cinga ngomntu, mhlawumbi umfana, ocaphula ngokuphindaphindiweyo uMarx kwaye ecebisa ukufunda iMarx (okanye enye i-icon esele ihambile) ukwenza inqaku elithile malunga nobudlelwane bexesha elingaphantsi kakhulu malunga neendlela zangoku okanye iinjongo. Khawube nomfanekiso wakho umvile okanye umbukele. Ngaba akasoloko ebonakala exhalabile ngakumbi ukwenza abaphulaphuli bakhe baguqukele kuMarx okanye baxhalabe ngakumbi ukubonisa ukunyaniseka kwakhe kuMarx kunokuba exhalabele ukunceda abaphulaphuli abakhulu, abangaqinisekanga ukuba baziqwalasele ngokwabo imigqaliselo yangoku esekelwe kubungqina obukhoyo kunye nokuqiqa? Ngamafutshane, ngaba ukucaphula kwixesha elidlulileyo akusoloko kubugquma ubuhlwempu bonxibelelwano lwangoku? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ayikhange ibe nomtsalane kwigunya lombhali ongasekhoyo, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni wokutyibilika ekulandeleni amahlelo?
Kutheni endaweni yoko ungathabathi icebiso likaMarx uze uvumele “izizukulwana ezifileyo” ziphumle ngoxolo? Kutheni ungaphepheli “kwiphupha elibi”? Kutheni ungayeki "ukuboleka" kwaye endaweni yoko udale?
Nceda uqaphele, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku andikanikezeli negama lokugxeka iMarxism ngokwayo. Hayi nelizwi. Endaweni yoko le migqaliselo ingentla imalunga nendlela yokunxibelelana, hayi malunga nokugqwesa kwento ekufuneka idluliselwe. Kodwa ngoku ukuvavanya undoqo kaMarx, qwalasela ibango elirhabaxa lokuba injongo yomzabalazo kwisicatshulwa ngasinye sikaMarxist esinikela umbono onzulu wezoqoqosho okanye wentlalo luqoqosho oluphakamisa malunga namashumi amabini ekhulwini abemi balo ukuya kwinqanaba elilawulayo lodidi olulawulayo nelikwagcina ubusolusapho, ubuhlanga. , nolawulo-melo lwezopolitiko, singasathethi ke ngokuqhubeka nokuphalaza ngokugqithisileyo ungcoliseko. Ngaba liyinyaniso elo bango? Qwalasela ukuba xa iintshukumo zikaMarxist zikhokele uhlaziyo, olo vukelo luye lwazisa uluntu olunezo mpawu zoyikekayo. Ngaba le nkalo yesithethe sikaMarx ibalulekile? Ngaba ezi ziphumo zikho rhoqo kwaye hayi ngaphandle kweengqikelelo zeMarxism?
Abalandeli bakaMarx abaninzi baphendula ngelithi oko kububudenge. Bathi yonke injongo yeMarxist yokwenyani kukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi abaninzi, idemokhrasi, kunye nenkululeko. Kwaye ndiyavuma ukuba oko kunqwenelwa nguMarx kunye noninzi lwamaMarxists. Kodwa ke ndongeza ukuba nangona loo minqweno ingenakuphikiswa yobuqu, enyanisweni uninzi lwama-Marxists aluwasukeli amaziko ahambelana nentatho-nxaxheba yabasebenzi abaninzi, idemokhrasi, kunye nenkululeko okanye nokuphelisa ubusolusapho, ubuhlanga, kunye ne-authoitarianism. Kwakhona, ngaba elo bango malunga neenjongo zeziko libubuxoki, okanye yinyaniso?
Ukuthatha isigqibo, masithi sinokubeka yonke isicatshulwa seMarxist malunga nezoqoqosho kunye / okanye uluntu kwimfumba. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo lokuba nantoni na ekuloo mfumba ibonelela ngombono onzulu weziko, ayisayi kuba yeyoqoqosho kuphela kwaye ibandakanye ukwenza izigqibo ezigunyazisiweyo, icandelo labasebenzi, umvuzo wemveliso okanye amandla othethathethwano, kunye neemarike okanye ucwangciso oluphakathi, nganye. apho amaziko aphakamisa amashumi amabini epesenti ekhankanywe ngaphambili. Kwaye ke ukuba sijonga kwiinguqulelo eziphenjelelwe nguMarxist zokwenyani, sizibeka emfumbeni, ngokuthetha, asiboni nje ezo njongo zeziko zifezekiswa?
Mhlawumbi unobangela wokuba iMarxism ingakusi oko kuye kwafunwa ngabaninzi babaxhasi bayo ayikhange ibe ziinkokeli ezimbi. Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo uStalin wayeyinkokeli embi, ukuyibeka kakuhle. Kodwa mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki yokwenyani, enzulu, nehlala ihleli ibe yintshukumo yeMarxist ethe yaphakamisa isigebenga esinjengoStalin kwaye, sihamba inyathelo elinye ukuya phambili, mhlawumbi ingxaki ibiziingqikelelo eziye zaphakama okanye nangaliphi na izinga elingazange libathintele abo Stalin. -ukuphakamisa amandla entshukumo.
Ingxaki yayingekokuba wonke umntu okwimibutho yobuMarxist Leninist wayefuna ngokuphandle ukunyathela abasebenzi endleleni ukuze babalawule. Bubuxoki obugqithisileyo. Yimbudane leyo. Ingxaki yayikukuba nokuba amalungu awo ayenentsingiselo entle kangakanani na, ezinye zeengqikelelo ezingundoqo zamaqela kaMarxist ziye zakhokelela ngokungenakuthintelwa loo maqela, xa ephumelele, ukuba abanyathele abasebenzi. Ngasemva kunye nokutyhala iinkokeli, amacandelo. Emva kunye nokunyusa izakhiwo, iikhonsepthi.
Yiba ngumguquli weMarxist. Nokuba ngezona njongo zintle kakhulu-ezona njongo zintle kakhulu-izinto ezingathandekiyo kukuba awuzukwenza revolution kwihlabathi lethu langoku kuba awuyi kugxila ngokwaneleyo kwaye ngakumbi, ngokumangalisayo, kuba uya kuswela umsebenzi owaneleyo. inkxaso yeklasi. Kodwa ukuba uyazodlula ezo ngxaki kwaye uncede wenze uguquko, amathuba okuba impumelelo yakho iya kuphakamisa into endiyibiza ngokuba ludidi lomnxibelelanisi kulawulo lwezoqoqosho kubasebenzi, kwaye iyakushiya ubusolusapho, ubuhlanga, kunye nobugunyathi buguqulwe kodwa bunjalo okanye bunjalo. Yandiswa.
Abanye abantu bakaMarx balifumanisa lisisithuko eli bango. Andiqondi ukuba kufanele kube njalo. Ayithethi ngabantu abathile okanye iinjongo. Akukho malunga nobuntu babantu kakhulu ngaphantsi kwemfuzo yabantu. Imalunga neengqikelelo, iindlela, kunye nentembeko yamaziko ethi, nasesandleni sabantu abamangalisayo ikhuthaze iziphumo abangazange bazifune abo bantu. Ithagethi yamagqabaza am sisithethe sobusuku esicinezela abantu abalungileyo. Okanye, njengokuba u-bard wam, osaphila, wayecula, "Andithethi ukuba ndingenzi bubi okanye ndibeke tyala kuye nabani na ohlala kwi-vault, kulungile ma, ukuba andinako ukumkholisa."
Ngoko ke makhe siqwalasele imiba emibini ebalulekileyo. Qwalasela kuqala ukuba iingqikelelo ezingundoqo zeMarxism kunye nezenzo ezinxulumene nazo zigxininisa kakhulu kuqoqosho kwaye azigxininisi isini / ukuzalana, uluntu / inkcubeko, ipolitiki, kunye ne-ecology.
Eli bango alithethi ukuba bonke (okanye nabaphi na) ooMarx batyeshela yonke into ngaphandle kwezoqoqosho. Yaye ayithethi kuthi bonke (okanye nabaphi na) abalandeli bakaMarx abayikhathalele kakhulu eminye imibandela. Endaweni yoko, kuthetha ukuba xa iiMarx zayizolo zathetha ngobomi besondo bolutsha, umtshato, intsapho yenyukliya, inkolo, ubuhlanga, izibophelelo zenkcubeko, ukhetho lwezesondo, umbutho wezopolitiko, ukuziphatha kwamapolisa, imfazwe kunye ne-ecology, bathande ukugxininisa amandla avelayo. ngokusuka ekuqondeni kwabo umzabalazo wodidi okanye obonise iziphumo zomzabalazo wodidi kwaye bethanda ukuphosa iinkxalabo ezisekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile zobuhlanga, isini, amandla, kunye nendalo. Bahlala bebanga ukuba olu cwangciso lulinganiselweyo lulungile.
Oku kugxekwa akutsho ukuba iMarxism yayizolo ayithethi nto iluncedo malunga nobuhlanga, isini, isini, kunye namandla okanye ubuncinane malunga noqoqosho ngalunye. Kodwa olu gxeko luthi iingqikelelo zayizolo zobuMarxist azizange zichase ngokwaneleyo utyekelo olubekwe luluntu lwangoku, okanye ngomzabalazo wangoku, okanye ngokhetho lwangoku lobuchule oluye lwavelisa iziphumo zocalucalulo, ngokwesini, kunye nolawulo lobuzwilakhe nangona zichasene notyekelo olungcono lokuziphatha nentlalontle. uninzi lwabalandeli bakaMarx. I-Marxism yayizolo ishiye kakhulu into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba isikhokele ngomso.
Ngamanye amazwi, la mabango malunga nogxininiso olugqithisileyo lwe-Marx kuqoqosho kunye nogxininiso olunganelanga kwamanye amacala obomi aluqikelele ukuba i-mono-mania malunga nezoqoqosho okanye ipateni yehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-inviolable yengqwalasela engaphezulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nengqalelo kuyo yonke enye into. Hayi, endaweni yoko baqikelela indlela eyingozi yokucutheka kwindlela ingqalelo enikezelwa ngayo kwizinto ezongezelelweyo zoqoqosho. Ngaba ubuMarx abusiyaleli ukuba sifundisise ngeziganeko ezinjalo size silungise ububi obunxulunyaniswa neziganeko ezinjalo, kodwa ukwenjenjalo ngamehlo ethu ngokuyintloko koko kuthethwa buMarx ngoonobangela neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo eziphathelele iinguqu, ezithi ubuMarx buthi zezoqoqosho? Ngaba iMarxism ayinikezi ukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kunye nokuyimfuneko malunga nemilinganiselo yezoqoqosho ngaphandle kwamacala ezoqoqosho obomi, kodwa hayi kakhulu malunga nemilinganiselo yabo yezoqoqosho? Ngokufanisa khawufane ucinge ngomntu obhinqileyo, umchasi-buhlanga, okanye u-anarchist othi kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwizinto zoqoqosho kwaye sifune ukulungisa izinto ezingalunganga ezinxulumene nazo, kodwa kufuneka sikwenze oko ngamaxesha onke ngamehlo ethu ngokuyintloko koko kubufazi, ukuchasana nobuhlanga, okanye ukuchasana nobuhlanga. banokuthi olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo ngunobangela neziphumo, abanokuthi zezesini ngokwesini, ubuhlanga, okanye ezezopolitiko. Ngaba abalandeli bakaMarx bebengayi kuphendula ngokufanelekileyo besithi ezo ezinye iindlela zifuna ukuphuculwa kwezoqoqosho? Kodwa ayilunganga na kwezo ezinye iindlela zokuthi indlela kaMarxist ifuna isini, ubuhlanga kunye nophuculo lwezopolitiko?
Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba ayilandeli into yokuba ukulungiswa “kuqoqosho” lukaMarx kuya kuba kukuba abantu bakaMarx bavume ukuba ubufazi, i-anarchism, kunye nokuchasana nobuhlanga banembono yabo engundoqo kwaye kanye njengoko abameli bezo mbono kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo. yokuqonda okugxile eklasini, ngokunjalo abantu abafuna ukungazinzi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ezo mbono zomnye umthombo malunga nezo nkalo zigxininisiweyo zotshintsho olufunekayo? Ayizukubeka phambili kuphela unobangela wendlela enye, nokuba yezoqoqosho nakweminye inkalo okanye enye into ekugxilwe kuyo kwabanye, uphoswa zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kujongwa ubuhlanga, isini, igunya, i-ikholoji, kunye nocalucalulo lodidi nemikhwa enyanzeliswayo. kuxhaphake kangaka kuluntu lwangoku? Kodwa ngaba oko akukwenzi kucace ukuba ke ngoko sifuna iikhonsepthi eziphikisanayo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo hayi iikhonsepthi ezigxininisa olo calucalulo?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabalandeli bakaMarx banamhlanje bayavumelana nesidingo sokugqitha kuqoqosho. Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabalandeli bakaMarx banamhlanje abakayithathi imiba emitsha ebeka phambili ngokulinganayo ezo nkalo zotshintsho olufunekayo. Endaweni yoko iingqiqo kunye namazwi ezizukulwana ezifileyo ezihlala kwisithethe sikaMarxism zithande ukuxinana okanye ngamanye amaxesha zide zikhuphe iimbono ezibanzi ngolo hlobo nje ukuba kubekho utshintsho olusisiseko. Ke ngeli lixa uninzi lwabalandeli bakaMarx banamhlanje babona imfuneko yokubaleka uqoqosho kwaye ngelixa befuna ngokunyanisekileyo ukwenza njalo (kaninzi ngokwamkela enye imbono ukuze sifumane ubufazi bobusoshiyali, i-marxist yokuchasa ubuhlanga, i-anarcho-marxism, kunye ne-eco-marxism), nangona kunjalo, Ngaba akukho mqobo ubambekayo kwimpumelelo yabo othi ngamaxesha obunzima ukuthembeka kwabo kwisikhokelo sobulumko esingundoqo sesithethe sabo kuthande ukoyisa iinjongo zabo ezilungileyo? Njengoko intshukumo yongxamiseko inyuka, oko kukuthi, iminqweno yokwandiswa kojoliso ayithande ukukhukuliseka? Yiloo nto esinokuyibiza ngokuba yingxaki yoqoqosho lukaMarxism.
Ummandla wesibini oxhalabileyo ongaqatshelwanga nongajongwanga kangako kunoqoqosho lwayo, ngowokuba malunga neyona nkalo iphambili yobomi yeMarxism, uqoqosho, iingqikelelo zikaMarxism zisilela kakhulu. Uninzi lwabalandeli bakaMarx basenokuthi, “yiza. Enoba iyintoni na imida okanye kwaneentsilelo ezisenokuba nazo iMarxism, ngokuqinisekileyo imeko yayo yezoqoqosho inamandla.” Ewe, ewe, iMarxism ixoxa ngokufanelekileyo ukubaluleka kongquzulwano lweklasi kwaye oko kuhle kakhulu. Kodwa ke iMarxism kufutshane jikelele iyasilela ukuqaqambisa udidi olukhoyo phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi. Izolo iiMarxists zanamhlanje zithande ukukhanyela iingcambu zodidi lwesithathu kwindlela uqoqosho oluchaza ngayo kunye nokusebenza kolwabiwo. Imfundiso yezolo kunye neyanamhlanje kaMarxist, endaweni yoko, ukuba iiklasi zixhomekeke kuphela kubudlelwane bobunini. Kodwa ngaba ayibonakali ngokumfamekisayo ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto ubuMarx lusilela ukubona ukuba uqoqosho ama-Marx athe ngokuqinisekileyo alubiza ngokuba “ngobusoshiyali” okanye ngokugxekayo abizwa ngokuba “ngobukapitali belizwe” aluphakamisanga ongxowankulu okanye abasebenzi ukuba balawule umgangatho wezoqoqosho? Endaweni yoko, kule nkqubo, abakhapitali abangasekho kodwa abasebenzi basaphantsi? Eneneni, akukhange kufuneke oko isithethe sikaMarxist saza saphumelela ngaphaya kobukapitali kuzo zonke iimeko eziphakanyiselwe kwisimo soqoqosho esilawulayo hayi abasebenzi kodwa endaweni yoko udidi lomnxibelelanisi lwabacwangcisi, abaphathi, nabanye abasebenzi abaxhotyisiweyo? Akhange kuphume nomphathi wongxowankulu, ekwi coordinator boss?
Kodwa kutheni oko kusenzeka? Ngaba luvukelo-mbuso oluqweqwedisiweyo? Okanye ingaba iMarxism eyoyisayo isoloko ifuna kwaye iphumelele ubunini be-asethi kawonke wonke okanye urhulumente, ukuthathwa kwezigqibo phezulu ukuya phezulu, izahlulo zabasebenzi, umvuzo wemveliso okanye amandla, kunye neemarike okanye isicwangciso esisembindini sokwabiwa. Kwaye khange kwenzeke konke oku, ngokumangalisayo, nangona iiMarxists ngaxeshanye zakhuthaza imfuno yolawulo lwabasebenzi. Ukanti xa ooMarx bephumeza amaziko angaphambili abakhange bafikelele kwiinjongo zokugqibela. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuba ezinye iingqikelelo zeMarxist eziphambili kunye nezibophelelo zeziko azizange zivumele kuphela kodwa ziqhubele umgaqo womququzeleli nangona zikhanyele ukuba udidi lomququzeleli lukhona? Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba iMarxism ingadume kangako phakathi kwabaphulaphuli bodidi lwabasebenzi asikokuba abo baphulaphuli balahlekisiwe kuphela.
Kodwa, nceda uqaphele, oku akuthethi ukuba uninzi (okanye ngokuphikiswana nokuba nawuphi na) umntu kaMarx ngokuzicingela uzama ukuqhubela phambili umdla wabaphathi, amagqwetha, ababhali-mali, iinjineli, abacwangcisi, kunye nabanye abadlali abaxhotyisiweyo ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwabasebenzi. Ithi, endaweni yoko, iikhonsepthi ezithile kwiMarxism zenza kancinci ukunqanda oku kunyuswa kodidi lomnxibelelanisi kwaye eneneni zide ziyiqhubele. Ithi kwi-Marxism, ulawulo lwezoqoqosho olulungelelanisiweyo luthande ukuvela nangona kwaye ngokuchasene neemvakalelo zesikhundla kunye nefayile yeMarxism.
Oku kunokubonakala kungaqhelekanga. Ngapha koko, inokwenzeka njani into yokuba uninzi lwamalungu alo afune into enye ngokuphindaphindiweyo agqibezele ukuphumeza into embi kwaye echasene nediametrically? Kodwa eneneni, oku akuqhelekanga. Iziphumo zentlalo zihlala zishiyana kwinqanaba kunye neminqweno yeefayile.
Umzekelo, abameli abanyanisekileyo nabanobuchule bolawulo lwabasebenzi abakhetha iinkampani zabucala, nokuba bakwenzela inzuzo yobuqu okanye ngenxa yenkolelo enyanisekileyo yokuba ubunini babucala bubalulekile kuqoqosho oluqhuba kakuhle, abalungenisi ulawulo lwabasebenzi. Ukhetho lwabo lweziko lokugcina ubunini babucala luphakamisa umnqweno wabo ofanelekileyo wolawulo lwabasebenzi. Bonke abantu bakaMarx bayasiqonda eso siphumo kuba iingqiqo zikaMarx zibalaselisa indlela ubunini babucala obuluthintela ngayo ulawulo lwabasebenzi.
Ngokufanayo, abameli abanyanisekileyo nabanobuchule bokuzilawula kwabasebenzi abakhetha iimarike okanye ucwangciso olungundoqo nabathanda ukwahlulwa kwabasebenzi, nokuba bakwenzela inzuzo yobuqu okanye ngenxa yenkolelo enyanisekileyo yokuba olo khetho lubalulekile kuqoqosho olusebenza kakuhle, baya kuthi. ungazisi kulawulo lwakho. Ukhetho lwabo lwamaziko luya kuphelisa iminqweno yabo yokuziphatha efanelekileyo yokuzilawula. Abalandeli bakaMarx badla ngokungakuqondi oko. Iingqikelelo zabo aziqaqambisi kwaye zide zisithe iintshukumo ezisebenzayo.
Ngaba kubi ukuphawula ukuba abantu bakaMarx bafanele ukukuqonda ngokulula oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uMarx ngokwakhe wacebisa ukuba xa egweba isakhelo esithile sobulumko umntu makayithobe into eyithethayo ngaye (“abasebenzi ngaphezu kwabo bonke”) kwaye endaweni yoko aphawule ukuba iingqikelelo zayo zifihlakele. "ulungelelwaniso ngaphezu kwabasebenzi")? Ngaba kubi ukubongoza, njengoMarx, ukuba isakhelo sobukrelekrele esiba sisixhobo sodidi olunqwenelekayo olulawulayo siya kusitha isimilo solo didi, sifihle iingcambu zolo didi kubudlelwane boluntu, kwaye sibukhanyele ubukho kolo didi, lonke elo xesha luqhubela phambili ukunyuka koludidi ukuze ukongamela?
Jonga ithiyori kunye neengcinga zobungxowankulu bezoqoqosho eziqhelekileyo ukuze ubone kanye oko kuguquguqukayo. Kodwa ngaba asiyifumani into efana naleyo ukuba sisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuvavanya ukunxibelelana kweMarxism kudidi phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi? Oko kukuthi, xa sijonge ukubona ukuba isithethe sikaMarxist sibalaselisa, sifihla, kwaye sifuna, ngaba asiboni ukuba ugxininiso lukaMarx kubudlelwane bepropathi njengesona siseko songquzulwano lweklasi lufihla ukubaluleka kokusasazwa kwemisebenzi yokuxhobisa phakathi kwabadlali bezoqoqosho ingxabano yeklasi? Ngaba asiboni ukuba yiyo loo nto iMarxism iphosakele ukuba abanini bengekho, abaququzeleli banokuphakama balawule abasebenzi? Ngaba asiboni ukuba iMarxism iyawususa ekujongeni umthetho osetyenziswa ngabantu abamalunga namashumi amabini epesenti (udidi lomnxibelelanisi olawula umsebenzi oxhobisayo), ngaphezu kwamashumi asibhozo eepesenti aseleyo abemi (abasebenzi abenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokungaxhotyiswa) -ebizwa ngokuba "yi-socialism yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini," yiyiphi inkqubo eneneni esifanele siyibize ngokuba yi-coordinator?
Ngaba asiboni, ngamanye amazwi, ukuba phezu kwazo nje iinjongo ezinyanisekileyo nezisoloko zichazwa zabaninzi babalandeli bayo, ngokwezenzo iingqikelelo zeMarxism ziluphakamisa kakhulu kwaye ngokuqikelelwayo luphakamisa udidi lomnxibelelanisi ukuba lulawule abasebenzi nanjengoko iingqikelelo zikaMarxism ziyifihlile indima yomnxibelelanisi. kwa nobukho bazo?
Ngaba uMarx ebeya kuyibiza iMarxism yanamhlanje yaye ingakumbi eyeMarxism yanamhlanje njengengcamango yodidi lwabanxibelelanisi, kungekhona udidi lwabasebenzi? Enoba uMarx ebeya kukwenza oko okanye akunjalo, ngaba akucaci ukuba ukuphikisa ngelithi sifanele senjenjalo akuthethi ukuba sicinga ukuba ngandlel’ ithile bonke abalandeli bakaMarx baziintshaba zokungabi naklasi? Ngaba ayicacanga ukuba endaweni yoko ikhuthaza ukuba naxa abantu bakaMarx benqwenela ngokugqithisileyo ukungabi naklasi, ingqiqo yabo kunye nokunyaniseka kwabo kumaziko kuyayinyathela loo minqweno?
Kuphakama umbuzo. Abalandeli bakaMarx banamhlanje banokubufuna njani ubuMarx obubhetele bengomso? Ngaba amatsha kaMarx anokwandisa, aguqule, okanye agqithe njani iingqiqo zangoku ezigwenxa ukuphepha iingxaki ezimbini thina nabaninzi kangaka abalwela amalungelo abantu basetyhini, abachasi bobuhlanga, abachasene nobuhlanga, amabhunga, nabanye abaye babalaselisa?
Ngokuphathelele “uqoqosho,” ayiyongxaki ekufuneka sidlule kwisakhelo sengqiqo eqala kuqoqosho kwaye emva koko sityhila izinto ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho, ikakhulu sivavanya ezinye iinkalo ngeenjongo zokubona iimpembelelo zazo kwezoqoqosho kodwa hayi intrinsic extra-economic yazo. Dynamics?
Kwaye ukuba siyayibona ingxaki, akufuneki ukuba endaweni yoko sibeke imbono yethu ngokubanzi kwiikhonsepthi eziqaqambisa uqoqosho, kodwa siqaqambise ngokulinganayo ipolitiki, ukuzalana, inkcubeko, kunye nendalo? Akumelanga ukuba sibeke phambili ukuqonda nganye yezi nkalo zobomi ingqiqo kunye nokutshintshatshintsha, kwaye ngaxeshanye sibeke phambili ukubona ukuba kuluntu lwenyani indawo nganye yezi nkalo zobomi inefuthe kangakanani kwaye ide ibe nemida kwaye ichaze ezinye ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba zihambelana noluhlu oluthile lwemigangatho yobomi. ukubaluleka? Umzekelo, njengolungiso olunokwenzeka kuqoqosho lwanamhlanje, uMarxist wangomso unokuthi,
“NdinguMarxist kodwa ndikwangumntu obhinqileyo, phakathi kwamaKomanisi, i-anarchist, kunye nohlaza. Ndiyaqaphela ukuba izinto eziguqukayo ezivela kumanqanaba obomi ngaphandle koqoqosho zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zinokuchaza okunokwenzeka kwezoqoqosho, njengokuba umva unokwenzeka. Ewe kunjalo, ndisacinga ukuba umzabalazo weklasi ubalulekile, kodwa ndiyaqonda ukuba isini, uhlanga, inkolo, ubuhlanga, isondo, kunye nomzabalazo wokuchasana nogunyaziso zibalulekile. Ndiyaqonda ukuba kanye njengoko kufuneka siwuqonde umzabalazo ongadidiyo ngokunxulumene nomzabalazo wodidi, kufuneka siwuqonde umzabalazo wodidi ngokunxulumene nesini, ubuhlanga, umzabalazo wezopolitiko kunye nendalo.
Ke, kulungile, masithi iMarxist yangomso iyayilahla imbono yesiseko sezoqoqosho esichaphazela ulwakhiwo olungaphaya koqoqosho oluchaphazeleka kuphela. Masithi i-Marxist yangomso iyakhanyela ukuba uluntu luphakama kwaye luguquke kuphela ngenxa yeendlela zokuvelisa kwaye endaweni yoko lubona indlela iindlela zokuzalana, inkcubeko, kunye nepolitiki nazo zibalulekile kwindlela uluntu oluvuka kwaye luguquke ngayo? Masithi i-Marxist yangomso isakuphikisa ukubaluleka komzabalazo wodidi kodwa akasaboni umzabalazo wodidi njengelona litye libalaseleyo lokuchonga imiba yobuchule. Ngaba igama elithi “Marxist” lingathetha into ekholelwa ngulo “Marxist”? Andiqinisekanga. Mhlawumbi kunokwenzeka, nangona isithethe sikaMarxist ngokungathandabuzekiyo siya kuxhathisa. Inene, ndicinga ukuba eli dabi likho kwaye sele liqhuba amashumi eminyaka.
Ngokwahlukileyo kumathuba angasentla okoyisa ingxaki yezoqoqosho kaMarx, ingxaki yenkcazelo yodidi yezolo kwaneyobuMarx ngokufuthi yanamhlanje ibonakala ikuchasa ngamandla ukulungiswa. Oongxowankulu bangoongxowankulu, ooMarx ngokufanelekileyo bayabongoza, yaye oku kunjalo ngenxa yobunini babo babucala beendlela zokuvelisa. Ukuze singabi nabo ongxowankulu ngaphezu kwabasebenzi kufuneka, ooMarx bakhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba ke ngoko siphelise ubunini babucala beendlela zokuvelisa. Ukuthi ga, kuhle. Kubaluleke kakhulu.
Abalandeli bakaMarx bathi abo bangengongxowankulu banegunya kuphela lokwenza umsebenzi abawuthengisayo ukuze bafumane umvuzo. Kwakhona kuhle. Kodwa ke abalandeli bakaMarx bathi bonke aba basebenzi bamkela imivuzo, ngenxa yokuba benemeko yobunini efanayo, nabo banomdla wodidi olufanayo. Bonke bakwiklasi enye, iklasi yabasebenzi. Akulunganga oku.
Ingongoma ikukuba, abalandeli bakaMarx phantse jikelele bayasilela ekuqondeni ukuba iinxalenye zabasebenzi abarhola imivuzo banokuba nomdla wodidi olwahluke kakhulu kwamanye amalungu ngenxa yokuba nemisebenzi eyahluka-hlukeneyo kwicandelo labasebenzi. Masithi xa siphendula oku kugxekwa siqikelela ukuba mhlawumbi kukho udidi phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi. Ngaba olu qikelelo lwenqanaba lesithathu luyinyani? Ngaba ukho ngokwenene oku kudidi lwesithathu locingelo? Nje ukuba sivume ukuba inokubakho kwaye ke ngoko sivuma ukuba enye into ngaphandle kobudlelwane bobunini inokubangela umahluko wodidi, ukuba sijonga ke asinakubona lula ukuba abanye abasebenzi-abaphathi, amagqwetha, abagcini-mali, iinjineli, kunye nangaphezulu baxhotyiswe kakhulu ngabaqeshwa. isikhundla sabo sezoqoqosho kwaye ngokukodwa ngamacandelo eenkampani zabasebenzi abanikezela kubo ukunyanzeliswa kwenyani kwimisebenzi yokuxhobisa kunye nakwizithinteli kunye neemfuno zokwenziwa kwezigqibo zemihla ngemihla, ngelixa ngokungafaniyo ukwabela abanye abasebenzi ukuhluthwa imisebenzi ebashiya bengaphantsi-ngoko. ukuba aba banxibelelanisi bangaphambili benze isigqibo baze abasebenzi bokugqibela bathobele?
Ngaba ayilandeli into yokuba xa singasenabaququzeleli abaxhotyisiweyo ngaphezu kwabasebenzi abahluthwayo, size ke ngoko sifumane ukungabi naklasi, kufuneka sithabathel’ indawo amaziko awonayo—iimarike, ucwangciso olusembindini, yaye ngokukodwa icandelo lequmrhu labasebenzi? Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, kutheni le nto inkoliso yamaMarxist nayo yonke imibono kaLeninist kaMarxist ithethelela ngokucacileyo ukuba kubekho ulwahlulo phakathi kwabasebenzi?
Ngaphezu koko, ngaba olu bhengezo aluchazi ukuba kutheni abantu bakaMarx ngokuqhelekileyo bengaboni ukuba naxa ubunini babucala kupheliswa, iimarike, isicwangciso esisembindini, kunye nezahlulo zabasebenzi ziya kuluphakamisa udidi olulawulayo lwabaququzeleli abaxhotyisiweyo ngaphezu kodidi olungaphantsi lwabasebenzi abangenamandla. ?
Abalandeli bakaMarx badla ngokuchaza ngendlela eshukumayo nangokunyanisekileyo ubulungisa, ulingano, nesidima “sobusoshiyali” ekufuneka sibuzisele. kukho umbandela othile weziko, ngaba asiwafumani amaziko abukhanyelayo ubulungisa, ukulingana, nesidima esithandwa ngabalandeli bakaMarx?
Ngokunjalo, xa sijonga kuqheliselo lukaMarxist, oluye luqhele ukwenzeka kwiMarxist Leninist, ngaba asifumani kwa ezi zakhiwo zabanxibelelanisi ziphantse zaphunyezwa kwihlabathi liphela? Ngaba namhlanje umlandeli kaMarxist unokuyoyisa le ngxaki ngokwamkela imbono yodidi lwesithathu olubona ngaphaya kobudlelwane bomhlaba kuphela obukwaziyo ukubangela ulawulo lodidi, ukanti ngokusengqiqweni aqhubeke embiza ngokuba nguMarxist?
Ukuba umlandeli kaMarxist wayilandela loo ndlela, nto leyo eneneni abanye abantu bakaMarx bakhe bazama ukuyenza, (kubandakanywa nam xa ndabhala incwadi kunye noRobin Hahnel kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesithandathu eyadlulayo. I-Marxism engaqhelekanga) Ndicinga ukuba iimpawu zokuba yenzekile ziya kubonakala. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba “abatsha bakaMarx” abanjalo abanakukugxeka oko kuye kwazibiza ngokuba “bubusoshiyali” ngabathetheleli babo kumazwe awahlukahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke, baze bangakubizi oko njengobukapitali okanye ubukapitali belizwe, okanye kwanobusoshiyali obugqwethekileyo, kodwa endaweni yoko bakubize oko. indlela entsha yokuvelisa efaka iklasi yomququzeleli ngaphezu kwabasebenzi?
Kwaye ngaba aba Marxists batsha bebengayi kuthi ke babonelele ngombono onokuthi usasazeke kwiimarike, ucwangciso oluphakathi, kunye nezahlulo zeshishini labasebenzi, kunye nokuhambisa iindlela zomvuzo ezivuza ipropathi, amandla, okanye imveliso, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo unikezela ngobunini babucala. yeendlela zokuvelisa?
Kwaye ngaba abo batsha bakaMarx bebengayi kuphinda bacebise amaziko amatsha ezoqoqosho ukuba afune indawo yokhetho lwaliwe? Amaziko amatsha endicinga ukuba anokufumana inkxaso kubalandeli bamaMarx abatsha, umzekelo, abasebenzi kunye nabathengi ngokuhlangeneyo ukuzilawula kwamabhunga, umvuzo wexesha elide, ukuqina, kunye nokudinwa komsebenzi oxatyiswayo ekuhlaleni, icandelo elitsha labasebenzi elinemisebenzi elungeleleneyo. kwiziphumo zokuxhotyiswa, kunye nokucwangciswa kwentatho-nxaxheba endaweni yeemarike kunye nocwangciso oluphakathi?
Ngoko, ngokwembono yabo eguqukileyo yezoqoqosho, ngaba abo batsha kaMarx bebengayi kuphinda bakhuthaze ulungelelwaniso lwentshukumo, iindlela, neenkqubo eziqukayo, ezikhuthazayo nezize ngokwenene zifikelele kwiinjongo zabo ezilungileyo? Ngaba bebengayi kuqonda ukuba amacebo otshintsho lwentlalo aquka ukhetho lombutho kunye neendlela ezinjengokuqesha amaqela aphambili, ukuthatha izigqibo phezulu, kunye nolwahlulo lwabasebenzi aluyi kuwususa umthetho wodidi lomnxibelelanisi kodwa luwumilisele? Ngaba bebengayi kuqonda into yokuba iintsilelo zanamhlanje zobuMarx zikhokelela kulawulo lodidi lwabanxibelelanisi kungakhathaliseki ukuba iminqweno enyanisekileyo yabaninzi okanye phantse bonke abo babalandeli bakaMarx iphelela ekubeni ibe kwindawo entle ngakumbi kunokulungelelanisa?
Bekuya kuba njani ukunxulumana kwabo “batsha bakaMarx” kwisithethe sikaMarx ababesibhiyozela ngaphambili? Ewe, ndiyathandabuza ukuba aba Marxists batsha bangazibiza ngokuba yiLeninist okanye iTrotskyist, kodwa nokuba bayenze njalo, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuyilahla iingcinga kunye nezenzo ezinxulumeneyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kunokuba baqhubeke becaphula ngendlela eyakhayo uLenin noTrotsky, babemgatya ngokungqongqo uLenin besithi: “Kubaluleke ngokwenene ukuba lonke igunya kwimizi-mveliso linikel’ ingqalelo kubaphathi.”
Yaye bebeya kumgatya uLenin besithi: “Nakuphi na ukungenelela okuthe ngqo kwemibutho yabasebenzi kulawulo lwamashishini kumele kugqalwe njengokuyingozi nokungavumelekanga.”
Kwaye baya kumkhaba uLenin besithi: “Ishishini loomatshini abakwizinga elikhulu elingumthombo ongundoqo wemveliso nesiseko sobusoshiyali lifuna umanyano olupheleleyo nolungqongqo lwentando… Lungaqinisekiswa njani umanyano olungqongqo lwentando? Ngamawaka athobela ukuthanda kwawo omnye.”
Yaye babemgatya uLenin besithi: “Ingqungquthela yomvelisi! Kuthetha ukuthini kanye oko? Kunzima ukufumana amagama okuchaza obu budenge. Ndihlala ndizibuza ukuba ingaba bayadlala? Ngaba ngokwenene ubani angabathabatha nzulu aba bantu? Nangona imveliso isoloko iyimfuneko, idemokhrasi ayikho. Idemokhrasi yemveliso ivelisa uthotho lweengcamango ezibubuxoki. ”
Kwaye ke babeza kumala uTrotsky esithi (malunga namakomanisi asekhohlo): “Ajika imigaqo yedemokhrasi ibe sisilingo. Babeka ilungelo labasebenzi lokunyula abameli babo ngaphezu kweQela, ngaloo ndlela becel’ umngeni ilungelo leQela lokungqina ubuzwilakhe balo, kwanaxa obu zwilakhe bungqubana nemeko ephelelwayo yedemokhrasi yabasebenzi.”
Kwaye baya kumala uTrotsky besithi, “Kufuneka sikhumbule umsebenzi wembali weQela lethu. Iqela liyanyanzeleka ukuba ligcine ubuzwilakhe balo, ngaphandle kokuyeka oku kuxengaxenga, okanye nokudodobala okomzuzwana kwabasebenzi. Oku kuqonda ludaka oluqinisa umanyano lwethu. Ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lweqela labasebenzi akusoloko kufuneka luvisisane nemigaqo esesikweni yedemokhrasi.”
Kwaye babeza kumala uTrotsky besithi: “Ngumgaqo oqhelekileyo wokuba umntu azame ukuphuma emsebenzini. Umntu sisilwanyana esonqenayo.”
Kwaye baya kukhanyela uTrotsky esithi (ngekratshi): "Ndicinga ukuba ukuba iMfazwe yamakhaya yayingaphanganga imibutho yethu yezoqoqosho kuyo yonke into eyomeleleyo, eyona izimeleyo, eyona nto inikwe inyathelo lokuqala, ngokungathandabuzekiyo bekufanele ukuba singene kwindlela yomntu omnye. ulawulo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kuncinci kabuhlungu. "
Ngaphezu koko, ngaba abo batsha bakaMarx bebengayi kuchitha ixesha betyhola uLenin okanye uTrotsky ngemvelaphi yaloo mazwi neziphumo zoyikekayo, kodwa endaweni yoko bajonge iingqikelelo ezingonelanga abanokuthi bazigqithise ngoku?
Kodwa, enyanisweni, ngaba konke oku kungasentla akuthi ngandlel’ ithile kuhambo “lwezizukulwana ezifileyo”? Okubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuphikisana ngexesha elidlulileyo, ngaba ngomso “abatsha bakaMarx” bebengayi kuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa iziseko zolawulo kuqoqosho kunye/okanye ezopolitiko okanye amaziko ezentlalo kubeka umngcipheko kulawulo lomnxibelelanisi kunye nokudala imeko-bume engathandekiyo kukubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi ngokubanzi, okanye ukuzalana, inkqubela yobuhlanga, yezopolitiko okanye yendalo?
Ukuba abalandeli bakaMarx bangomso bebefuna ukuxoxa ukuba kwiimeko ezinzima kusenokufuneka kuqeshwe izakhiwo ezinjalo, ngaba bebengayi kukhuthaza ukuba babone izakhiwo njengezinto eziyimfuneko okwethutyana kwaye kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo zizame ukuhlahla indlela yobudlelwane boluntu obungenaklasi, ngoku. nakwixesha elizayo?
Okokugqibela, phezu kwazo nje iziphene ezithile ezibalulekileyo, ngaba kukwakho ubulumko obukhulu kwiMarx nakubabhali nababhali abaninzi abalandelayo babalandeli bakaMarx abathi “abalandeli bakaMarx bangomso” baya kubugcina ngokufanelekileyo? Ewe ikhona. Kodwa ngaba amatsha kaMarx anokuthi ngokufanelekileyo agatye kungekuphela nje unxulumano lwepropathi yobukapitali kodwa kwanezentengiso, ucwangciso olungundoqo, kunye necandelo labalungelelanisi labasebenzi kwakunye noosolusapho, ubuhlanga, nobuzwilakhe nabo bafuna ukukuphepha ukuzalisekisa amagqabaza kaMarx athi: “Isithethe zonke izizukulwana ezifileyo zinzima njengephupha elibi ezingqondweni zabaphilayo.”
Oko kubonakala njengendawo elungileyo yokubuyela-ekuqaleni kwethu ukuba sisayine, akunjalo?
Ewe, emngciphekweni wokusebenza nzima, andicingi njalo. Ukuzigatya izinto esizifundisiweyo, izinto esizicaphulileyo, izinto esizithathele kuzo izazisi zethu kunye nezilogeni zokulwa, izinto ebesikholelwa kuzo, esiye sazithethelela zonke ukuze sibe ngaphaya kwezithethe zezizukulwana ezifileyo akukho lula. indlela yokuhamba, ngakumbi xa abantu abaninzi abafunde kakhulu, abazinikezeleyo, abakhaliphileyo, nabaphumeleleyo besixelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukwenza oko kuya kusishiya singazi kakuhle ukuba siphumelele utshintsho. Ngoko emngciphekweni wokuqhubeka, ndifuna ukunika umba ingqwalasela engakumbi.
Umba wokuba amatsha ntliziyo aqhelane kwaye aqhelane nesikhokelo esihlala ixesha elide njengeMarxism okanye iMarxism Leninism (okanye nayiphi na enye inkqubo ehlala ixesha elide) njengoko besiya ngasekhohlo kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo bafumane kwiimbono zesakhelo kunye neendlela ezinokuthi zincede ngoku. kunye nokusebenza kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuntywila kubuMarxist (okanye nasiphi na esinye) isiko ekudala siphila kulukhetho lobulumko, akufanelanga sibuze, ngaba loo migaqo nezenzo ezicetywayo zesithethe aziyi kusithintela kodwa endaweni yoko ziya kusinceda siqonde zonke iimeko eziphambili esiya kuhlangabezana nazo xa silwa nokungekho sikweni? Ngaba azifanele zisincede sizame ukukhawula size sifikelele kwihlabathi elitsha elinqwenelekayo? Ukuba kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka sifunde kule ngqokelela yeengqikelelo ezicetywayo, nangona sisebenzisa amazwi ethu. Kodwa ukuba akunjalo, akufuneki siphuhlise iikhonsepthi ezingcono kwaye siqalise ukuziqhelanisa ngcono?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nazi ezinye izigwebo ezongezelelweyo ezisisishwankathelo malunga nesiko likaMarxist lokuxoxa, ingxoxo, ukuphonononga, kwaye ngethemba lokufikelela ngaphaya:
1. I-“dialectics” yobuMarxist yinto encinci engenanto yokuyila kunye noluhlu lokuqonda. Ukuba uyathandabuza, kulungile, buza nakwiMarxist efundeke kakuhle ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-dialectics. Kwaye ngakumbi buza ukuba zeziphi ii-dialectics ezinceda amatsha ntliziyo ukuba aqonde ukuba, ukuba bebengafundanga ii-dialectics, bebengayi kuyiqonda. Buza ukuba yintoni eyenza i-dialectics ngaphandle kweentetho ezingenamsebenzi nezingenanjongo eziphakamisa kuphela abanini bayo ngaphezu kwabo basilelayo ukuboleka ngempumelelo loo mikhwa kunye nezilogeni ezivela kwizizukulwana ezifileyo.
2. Amabango “eMpali yeMpahla” anobungqina obuthile, kodwa xa abantu bokwenene abakhoyo besebenzisa iingqikelelo zokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo ngokwembali bakholisa ukufikelela kumbono woqoqosho nowomatshini woluntu olungenaxabiso ngokulungelelanisiweyo kwaye lungabuqondi kakuhle ubudlelwane boluntu ngokwesini, ezopolitiko. , imvelaphi yenkcubeko, kunye nendalo kunye nefuthe.
3. “Ithiyori yodidi” yobuMarxist ikusithe ukubaluleka kodidi phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nongxowankulu, ayikuxabisi kakhulu inkcaso yolu didi kuqoqosho longxowankulu kunye nabasebenzi abangezantsi kunye nenkunzi engentla, sele iluthintele uhlalutyo lodidi lweSoviet, eMpuma Yurophu. kunye noqoqosho lwelizwe lesithathu lobungxowankulu, kwaye luthintele ngakumbi ukuqonda iintsilelo zamaqhinga kunye nezicwangciso ezithe gqolo zaphunyezwa ngaphandle koko uninzi lwamatshantliziyo ebelufuna ukufikelela kulo.
4. I-“Marxist Labour Theory of Value” ayiwuqondi kakuhle umbandela wayo wokumiselwa kwemivuzo, amaxabiso, neengeniso kuqoqosho longxowankulu kwaye ngokubanzi izijika iingcinga zamatsha ntliziyo kude kwimbono efunekayo yobudlelwane boluntu-engxoxo-yamandla otshintshiselwano longxowankulu. Ikwayalela abameli bayo ukuba bangayiboni into yokuba iintshukumo zeendawo zokusebenza ziyimisebenzi yeziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhobisa umsebenzi, amandla othethathethwano, kunye neendlela zolawulo lwentlalo hayi imisebenzi yobunini kuphela. Icebisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bazakugqiba ukufumana owona mvuzo umncinci bawufunayo ukuze bazivelise kwakhona. Kodwa ke umntu kufuneka azibuze ukuba yeyiphi eyona ngongoma yokufuna imivuzo ephezulu, kwaye ngenxa yalo mba kutheni na imivuzo yabamkeli-mivuzo eyahlukeneyo yahluka ngokuphawulekayo.
5. “Ithiyori yentlekele” kaMarxist, kuzo zonke iindidi zayo, isoloko igqwetha indlela yokuqonda uqoqosho longxowankulu kunye nethemba lokuchasa ubungxowankulu ngokubona ukuwa kwentlekele okungaphakathi kungenakuthintelwa kwaye kusemnyango apho kungekho themba linjalo likhoyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqhelanisa amatsha ntliziyo kude nelizwe. Ukubaluleka kolungiselelo oluzinzileyo olukhokelwa ngumbono njengesiseko esithembisayo sotshintsho olunqwenelekayo.
6. Ngokuphathelele imibono yemibutho enqwenelekayo, isithethe sikaMarx siye saba ngumqobo ngakumbi. Okokuqala kukho intelelo jikelele yeMarxism ngokuchasene nentelekelelo “yokukholelwa” ekhatywayo ngokoqobo ukuzama ukuba nombono esinqwenela ukuwufumana. Okwesibini, iMarxist causal economism icinge ukuba ukuba ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho benziwa bunqwenelekayo ngoko ke obunye ubudlelwane bezentlalo buya kungena endaweni, bube nombono wolunye uqoqosho olungafunekiyo. Okwesithathu, iMarxism ibhidekile ngokusisigxina malunga nokuba yintoni na ebandakanya ukwabiwa kwengeniso ngokulinganayo. "Ukusuka kumntu ngamnye ngokwamandla kwaye kuye ngamnye ngokweemfuno" ayisosikhokelo soqoqosho esisebenzayo kuba ukuba ngamnye wethu abonelele uluntu ngokwamandla ethu kuya kuthetha ukuba ngamnye kufuneka asebenze kangangoko amandla ethu esivumelayo ngokuqhelekileyo indlela engaphezu kwayo. kuyavakala ukuba sisebenze. Ngokukwanjalo, ukuze ngamnye wethu afumane ngokweentswelo zakhe ebeya kusenza sonke sibe nayo nantoni na esiyidingayo okanye, ukuba akunjalo, bekuya kufuna ukuba umntu okanye into ethile igqibe ngeentswelo zethu. Nakweyiphi na imeko ibingayi kuhlonipha okanye iveze ulwazi olubonisa ukuba abantu bafuna kangakanani okanye bafuna kangakanani na into ethile kwaye hayi nje ukuba bafuna / bayayidinga loo nto, kwaye oko kuya kuthintela ukumisela iindleko kunye neenzuzo zokhetho olunokwenzeka kwiindawo zokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, isithethe abathi maxa wambi abefundisi bakaMarx bacebise endaweni yoko, “kumntu ngamnye ngokokhetho lobuqu yaye kuye ngamnye ngokwegalelo kwimveliso yentlalo” asingomgaqo ofanelekileyo ngokokuziphatha ekubeni sivuza imveliso, kuquka isiphiwo semfuza, kungekhona nje umgudu nokuzincama. . Okwesine, iMarxism ivuma ubudlelwane bemigangatho yemveliso, icandelo leshishini lezabasebenzi kwintlangano yendawo yokusebenza, kwaye yavuma ukucwangciswa komyalelo okanye iimarike njengendlela yolwabiwo kuba ngelixa iMarxism iqonda imfuneko yokuphelisa oonobangela bolawulo lwezoqoqosho lobukapitali ayiqondi nokuyiqonda. ubukho bokuncinci ukufuna ukuphelisa oonobangela bomququzeleli wolawulo lwezoqoqosho.
7. Xa ithathwa ngokuhlangeneyo imiyalelo kaMarx emalunga neenjongo zoqoqosho ifikelela ekukhuthazeni oko sikubiza ngokuba yindlela yokuvelisa imveliso ephakamisa abalawuli, abacwangcisi, nabo bonke abasebenzi abaxhotyiswe ngokwesakhiwo, ababizwa ngokuba ngabaququzeleli, kwimo yodidi olulawulayo. Le njongo yezoqoqosho kaMarxist ke isebenzisa igama elithi “socialist” ukubhenela kubo bonke abanye abasebenzi, abasebenzi, kodwa ayiphumezi ngokwesakhiwo iimbono zobusoshiyali (kanye njengokuba injongo yezopolitiko yemibutho yoohlohlesakhe isebenzisa igama elithi “idemokhrasi” ukugaya inkxaso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kodwa ayiphumezi ngokwesakhiwo iminqweno epheleleyo yedemokhrasi).
8. Okokugqibela, iLeninism kunye neTrotskyism ziziphumo zendalo zeMarxism njengoko ziqeshwe ngabantu kwimibutho yongxowankulu, kwaye iMarxism Leninism, kude nokuba "yithiyori kunye neqhinga labasebenzi," kodwa, endaweni yoko, ngokugxila kwayo, iingcamango, iinqobo. , iindlela, nosukelo, yaye phezu kwayo nje inkoliso yeminqweno yabaxhasi bayo, “ingcamango nobuchule bodidi lwabanxibelelanisi.”
Ke, ukufumana ubuntu ngayo yonke le nto, kunye nokongeza i-caveat ebalulekileyo, kuba ndiyakholelwa ukuba la mabango angasentla, nangona izizathu zam zishwankathelwa apha, bendinethemba lokuphela kosolusapho, ubuzwe, igunya, imodeli yeSoviet yokuzibulala. ukunyaniseka kwiMarxism kunye neMarxism Leninism ithathwe njengezithethe ezipheleleyo, ekubeni ezo zithethe ziphela zijoliswe kwimigaqo yazo, iingqiqo, ingcamango, kunye nombono (nangona ingekho kwiminqweno enzulu yabaninzi babaxhasi babo), kuloo modeli yaseSoviet.
Ngoko, yintoni ingxaki? Ngaphandle kwaloo modeli, ngaphandle kunye neengcamango kunye nezicwangciso ezikhokelele kuyo. Oko kuyavakala, akunjalo? Ewe, kodwa-kwaye kuza i-caveat-kuphela kwinqanaba. Xa iithiyori zisilela ukucacisa ngokwaneleyo ubunyani okanye ukukhokela ngempumelelo uqheliselo olufunwayo, ngokuqinisekileyo ziyafuna ukucokiswa kwaye zilungiswe okanye ngamanye amaxesha zide zijike zifakwe endaweni yazo. Kwaye, kwimeko yeMarxism kunye neMarxism Leninism, iimpazamo ezixutyushwa ngokufutshane apha kwaye zihlala zigxekwa ngabafazi, abachasi bobuhlanga, abachasene nobuhlanga, amabhunga kunye namaMarxists amaninzi abonakalayo angaphakathi kwiingqikelelo ezithile ezingundoqo zikaMarxist ukuze ukulungisa ezo ngqikelelo kungekuphela. ukuphonononga ngokuthobekileyo ngesakhelo sobukrelekrele esisasebenza.
Oko kukuthi, sicinga ukuba sisulungekisa ngokunzulu okanye silahla izinto eziphambili zedialectical materialism, ukuthanda izinto zembali, ithiyori yezabasebenzi yexabiso, iMarxism yokuqonda okungqongqo kweklasi, iqhinga likaLeninist, umnxibelelanisi ophakamisa umbono wezoqoqosho, kunye neMarxism ayikabikho ingqwalasela kunye neminqweno yayo. isizalwane, isini, isini, uhlanga, uhlanga, ezopolitiko, kunye nombono wendalo, ngaba akukho nantoni na evelayo yala ngokwaneleyo kwisithethe sikaMarxist ukuze ufumane igama elitsha? Mhlawumbi, mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kodwa ndingacebisa ukuba lixesha—eneneni esele lidlule ixesha—lokuqhubeka nento entsha.
I-caveat yam, nangona kunjalo, kukwayinyani ukuba xa ithiyori zisilela ngokwaneleyo ukucacisa inyani okanye ukukhokela uqheliselo, akulandeli ukuba kufuneka sijije lonke ibango abalenzileyo, yonke ingcamango abayinikileyo, kunye nohlahlelo lonke abalwenzileyo. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, kusengenzeka ukuba okuninzi kusasebenza kwaye kufuneka kugcinwe (nangona mhlawumbi kusenziwa ngokutsha) kuso nasiphi na isakhelo sobulumko esitsha nesingcono.
Ke, ngo-2024, njengoko intlekele isondela kunye nesantya sotshintsho sikhula, ukufunda kwizithethe zangaphambili kunokusinceda ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba ukuzintywilisela kwizithethe zangaphambili nako kunokuxinanisa isidingo sethu sokuhlola kunye nokwamkela ukuqonda okutsha okubalulekileyo endaweni yeziphene. esithe saziboleka kwizithethe zezizukulwana ezafayo.
Eli nqaku likhutshelweyo ehleliweyo kunye nemfutshane yesiqendu sama-265 sepodcast RevolutionZ enesihloko esithi, IMarxism iphinde yajongwa: iBeacon okanye ngumthwalo?
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