I have been asked to write an essay that presents the origins and heritage of participatory economics, explains the logical basis for its components, presents and addresses peoplesโ problems with it, and finally makes a case for why diverse people with diverse agendas should care about it. Even seeking brevity, this will require three parts, this being the first.
Yintoni uQoqosho lweNxaxheba kwaye luvela phi?
I-Parecon Economics okanye iParecon, sisindululo sobomi emva kongxowankulu. Uqhankqalazo lokuqala lwabasebenzi kuthiwa lwenziwa ngamakhoboka aseYiphutha acatshukiswa nguFaro owasuka ekufuneni iintsuku ezintandathu esebenza evekini esakha iiphiramidi ukuya kwisixhenxe, nokusuka ekuboneleleni ngesidlo sasemini engabaniki nto. Uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba lutyala sonke isincoko, intetho, kunye nencwadi, kunye neprojekthi nganye yamatsha ntliziyo kunye nomzabalazo wentshukumo ukusukela ngoko, okanye nangaphambili, othe wacacisa intsingiselo kunye nokusebenza kokungabi naklasi. I-Kropotkin, i-Rocker, i-Bakunin, i-Luxembourg, i-Pannekoek, i-Goldman, i-Ehrenreich, kunye ne-Chomsky ziphakathi kwezinto ezikhuthazayo. Ngokuvisisanayo, kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba akukho banini kwaye akukho lulunye udidi lulawula abanye abathathi-nxaxheba.
Participatory economics in its current form was fertilized in the late sixties and born in the early to late seventies. It gained clarity when Robin Hahnel and I set out our and other new leftistsโ reactions to various schools of anti capitalist activism in various books and endeavors through the seventies and eighties. It became a well defined proposal by way of a book titled Looking Forward about twenty five years ago. Hahnel and I, echoing many others, addressed economic vision with a commitment to classlessness plus four values that seemed to us likely to be very helpful in organizing and disciplining our thought: self management relating to decision making, equity relating to distribution of benefits and responsibilities, solidarity relating to peopleโs connections, and diversity relating to range of options. Hahnel and I used the four values, later adding ecological balance, plus a desire for classlessness and economic and social success, to orient ourselves as we sought to describe a worthy and workable economy beyond capitalism.
Maxa wambi abantu babesixelela ukuba sivakala ngathi sixubusha ingcamango ekhoyo kuphela ezingqondweni zabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu babesithi sivakala ngathi sithetha ngenkqubo esele ikho ehlabathini. Oku yayingekuko ukubhideka, kodwa ukuchaneka.
I-Parecon ibiza imodeli ethile yezoqoqosho, ekuyiyo indalo ekhululekile yengqondo, nangona kunjalo, ijolise ekuchazeni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho olungenaklasi lwexesha elizayo. Izama ukucacisa indlela yokungabi naklasi, ukuzilawula, ukulingana, ubumbano, iyantlukwano, kunye nempumelelo yendalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nentlalontle.
I-Parecon, nangona kunjalo, ikwaluqoqosho oluya kubakho ngenye imini apho abasebenzi bokwenyani kunye nabathengi baya kuvelisa kwaye batye iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zokwenyani. Loo parecon yexesha elizayo ineempawu ezifana nendawo esingekayindwendweli. Sicinga ngayo, siqikelela iipropathi, kwaye ekugqibeleni simisele kwaye siqinisekise okanye siziguqule.
Abo bafuna uqoqosho lokuthatha inxaxheba ababoneleli ngemodeli yobukrelekrele bokuzonwabisa, okanye ukusebenzisa iingqondo zabo. Abafuni kuqalisa kwakhona iimpapasho ukuze bafumane umsebenzi. Banikezela ngemodeli yoncedo ekufuneni uqoqosho olutsha. Banikela ngayo ukunceda ukoyisa ukugxeka kunye nokwazisa iinzame zangoku.
Iimpawu ezichazayo zeParecon kunye nokuphefumla kokwahluka
Ezona mpawu ziphambili abameli be-parecon baziva ngathi bubuncinane obufunekayo ukuze ube noqoqosho olungenaklasi, ukuzilawula, kunye noqoqosho oluyimpumelelo lokuthatha inxaxheba zezi:
- abasebenzi kunye nabathengi bazilawula ngokwabo amabhunga
- Umvuzo wobude bexesha, ubunzulu, kunye nokudinwa komsebenzi oxatyiswayo ekuhlaleni
- i-balanced job complexes
- kunye nesicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba
La maziko mane achaza uqoqosho lwentatho-nxaxheba ngendlela efanayo nobunini babucala, umvuzo wepropathi, amandla, kunye nemveliso, izahlulo zamaqumrhu emisebenzi, kunye nolwabiwo lwemalike oluchaza ubungxowankulu.
Siyazi ukuba i-capitalism inokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye kwaye iyantlukwano ye-capitalism ayibangelwa kuphela kumazwe anabantu abahlukeneyo, izibonelelo, amanqanaba obuchwepheshe, imbali, okanye iyantlukwano kwezinye iindawo zobomi bentlalo. Ukongeza, iinguqulelo ezininzi ekuphunyezweni kweempawu eziphambili zezoqoqosho zobukapitali nasekuphunyezweni kweempawu zoqoqosho ezingapheliyo zesibini, wesithathu nowesine zahlula umzekelo omnye kwezinye. Kwaye okufanayo kuya kubamba uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba.
Ke ngoko, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zothatho-nxaxheba kuqoqosho zinokwahluka kwindlela abasebenzi abalinganiswa ngayo, indlela imisebenzi elungelelaniswa ngayo, indlela amabhunga ahlangana ngayo kwaye enze izigqibo, kunye neenkcukacha zendlela ucwangciso oluthatha inxaxheba oluqhutywa ngayo, kungancinci, ngaphaya koko, ngazo zonke iindlela Iimbonakalo.
Eneneni, bekuya kuba yimpazamo eyonzakalisayo ukufuna isicwangciso esingenakuguquguquka, esingaguqukiyo, nesibanzi soqoqosho olungenamgangatho. Abantu basoloko betyhola uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba ngokwenza oko kanye, nangona oko akuzange kusondele kude kumbono onjalo. I-Parecon ayiguquguquki kwaye ayiguquguquki kwaye ayisachazi iinkcukacha zalo lonke uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba kwixesha elizayo, okanye kuqoqosho olunokubakho lwexa elizayo, kunayo nayiphi na inkcazo ebanzi yeempawu ezichaza ubungxowankulu isixelela yonke into nge-US, Sweden, Chile, okanye uMzantsi Afrika. , kuncinane kakhulu ngabo bonke.
Imodeli yothatho-nxaxheba yezoqoqosho ichaza iimpawu eziphambili ezichaza iimpawu abameli balo abakholelwa ukuba ziyimfuneko ekufumaneni ukungazinzi kunye nokulawula ukuzilawula, ukulingana, ubumbano, kunye nokwahlukana ngelixa uhlangabezana ngempumelelo neemfuno kunye nokuphuhlisa okunokwenzeka ngendlela ehambelana nendalo kunye nentlalontle.
Ingqiqo ephantsi kweParecon's Defining Features
Amabhunga azilawulayo
Kutheni le nto abameli boqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba bebona abasebenzi abazilawulayo kunye namabhunga abathengi njengento ebalulekileyo ukuze uqoqosho lungabi nakudidi?
Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo yokuchaza uqoqosho lwesikhundla sobungxowankulu kukuseka phakathi kwalo ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuze uqoqosho luphelise ulwabiwo olungenabulungisa lwamandla kunye nempembelelo, kufuneka lukhuthaze umsebenzi ngamnye kunye nomthengi ukuba athathe inxaxheba kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lempembelelo kwizigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi babo. Ukuba akukho mntu uza kuba kwisikhundla esongezelelekileyo kunabanye abantu, umntu ngamnye kufuneka abe nobudlelwane obubanzi obufanayo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo njengabanye abantu.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza oko. Umzekelo, singenza ukuba wonke umntu afumane ivoti enye kwisigqibo ngasinye. Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu uphathwa ngendlela efanayo, nangona kunjalo, izigqibo ezininzi zinempembelelo ekufutshane kum. Ngoko kutheni ndifanele ndibe nelizwi elifanayo ngqo nabantu ababandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo abachaphazeleka ngakumbi? Kwelinye icala, ngokuphathelele izigqibo endibandakanyeke kuzo, kutheni ndingafanele ndithethe ngakumbi kunabantu abachaphazeleka ngokungaqhelekanga?
Ukuqhubela phambili loo ngqiqo elula ngelixa ifuna ukuba isiqhelo esifanayo sisebenza kuwo wonke umntu, kuvelisa ingcamango yokuba umdlali ngamnye kufuneka abe nezwi kwizigqibo zezoqoqosho ngokulinganayo njengoko echaphazelekayo kubo. Oku, abathi bathetheleli kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba bakubize ngolawulo lwesiqu sakho, kulixabiso. Sakuba sifikile kuyo, sinokuqwalasela iimpembelelo zayo kwaye sigqibe kwelokuba ilungile kwaye iluncedo kwezona zigqibo zilungileyo.
Ukuba siyavuma ukuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi kufuneka babe nefuthe kwiziphumo ezihambelana nendlela abachatshazelwa ngayo ngabo, baya kuyenza phi le mpembelelo? Kusenokuba siswele intelekelelo, kodwa abameli bezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba bakufumanise kunzima ukuba bacinge ngayo nayiphi na impendulo ngaphandle kokuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi kuya kufuneka benze njalo benxibelelana nabanye abasebenzi kunye nabathengi, umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye esebenza ngamanye amaxesha eyedwa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ekhonsathini nabanye. , kodwa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bakwimeko yokusebenzisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa ukuzithemba okufanelekileyo kunye nezakhono zokuthatha izigqibo.
Ngamanye amaxesha siya kwenza izigqibo njengabantu ngabanye. Ngamanye amaxesha siya kuyenza ngokwamaqela amancinci okanye amakhulu. Siya kuba nelizwi elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwizigqibo, umntu ngamnye okanye ngokwamaqela, kuxhomekeke kwindlela iziphumo ezinokuthi zisichaphazele ngayo ngokumalunga nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo abanye. Abasebenzi kunye nabathengi - njengabantu ngabanye, kumaqela amancinci, kwindawo yonke yokusebenza okanye amabhunga asebumelwaneni, kunye nakwiindawo ezidibeneyo zamabhunga - baya kuvakalisa kwaye babonise izinto abazithandayo.
Ukuba iindawo zothatho-nxaxheba lwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi kufuneka zizilawulele ngokwabo kufuna ukuba basebenzise iindlela zokwabelana ngolwazi, ukuxoxa ngokhetho, kunye nokhetho lokubala, olunika umsebenzi ngamnye kunye nomthengi ithuba lokuthetha ngokomlinganiselo abachaphazelekayo. Kodwa ikwafuna ukuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi bakulungele ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezinxulumeneyo. Iingxoxo ezipheleleyo zecontours yolawulo lwesiqu sakho ziya kujongana nendlela enokujongeka ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuchaza iimeko ezinxulumeneyo, iindlela, njalo njalo, kodwa imbono iyonke ilula.
Kwezinye iintlobo zezigqibo abantu bamisela ukuba umntu omnye ivoti enye kunye nolawulo oluninzi lolona lulungileyo. Kwabanye, mhlawumbi bafuna isibini kwisithathu, iikota ezintathu, okanye ukuvumelana. Ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezikhethwayo zibonakaliswa ngumntu omnye, ngabantu abambalwa, okanye ngabo bonke abasebenzi kwisityalo okanye ngabo bonke abathengi kwindawo ethile. Izigqibo zasekuhlaleni ngokuqinisekileyo zenzeke kumxholo wenkqubo ebanzi edityanisiweyo yokumisela amagalelo kunye neziphumo zoqoqosho. Wonke umntu unelizwi elifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iziphumo.
Umbono wabasebenzi kunye namabhunga abathengi unembali ende kwimizabalazo yabasebenzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokusebenza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nasekuququzeleleni uluntu. Yiyo loo nto abameli be-parecon bengakwazi ukucinga nantoni na ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abazilawulayo kunye namabhunga abathengi njengeendawo eziphambili zokwenza izigqibo kwezoqoqosho. Abasebenzi kunye nabathengi baxhamla kolu khetho ngokwabo ngalo lonke ixesha bethatha inkcaso ebanzi. Ukucaciswa okucacileyo kweParecon yokulawula ngokwakho njengesiqhelo sokwenza izigqibo lusulungekiso oluthobekileyo ekudala lufihliwe kwiindlela ezithandwayo. Kwelinye icala, ewe, abanye abantu bayawathandabuza amabhunga azilawulayo, kwaye siya kuthathela ingqalelo iinkxalabo zabo kamva, kodwa, okwangoku, masiqhubeke novavanyo lwethu olufutshane lwengqiqo yeempawu ezichaza i-parecon.
Umvuzo Wexesha elide, Ukuqina, kunye noBundevu bomsebenzi oXatyiswa ngokweNtlalo
Inqaku elilandelayo elichazayo lijongene namabango abadlali kwisabelo semveliso yentlalo. Yintoni ekufuneka ilawule ukuba umntu ngamnye kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba ufumana njengengeniso? Yeyiphi ingqiqo etyhila ukuba isindululo se-parecon sibalulekile ekungabinaklasini nasekusebenzeni?
Sifuna izinto ezimbini kwisikimu sentlawulo okanye ngokwesiqhelo. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka yahlule imveliso yoluntu ngendlela eneenqobo ezisesikweni. Wonke umntu ufanele afumane imali ebonisa ukuzibophelela ngendlela efanelekileyo kunokuba aphule. Okwesibini, nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yentlawulo kufuneka kwakhona inike abantu inkuthazo enengqiqo kwezoqoqosho eqinisekisa ukuba amandla emveliso yoluntu aya kusetyenziswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ngaphandle kokwenza inkcitho engafanelekanga.
Umnqweno wokuziphatha kakuhle kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi be-parecon bafumana ingeniso engakumbi ngokusebenza ixesha elide, nzima, okanye kwiimeko eziphazamisayo kwaye, ngokufanayo, kutheni i-parecon inganikeli ingeniso engakumbi kumntu onegunya elingakumbi, ukuba nepropathi, ukuba kwishishini lokwenza into. uxabiseke ngakumbi, okanye ukuba nabasebenzi osebenza nabo abanemveliso ephezulu, izixhobo ezingcono, okanye iitalente ezivelisa imveliso osebenza nazo.
Ngesiqhelo se-parecon's equity endaweni, sonke sifumana ngereyithi enye. Sonke sifumana umvuzo ofanayo. Asixhaphazani. Akukho mntu unokwamkela kakhulu ngaphezu kwabanye, kuba akukho mntu unokusebenza ixesha elide okanye nzima kakhulu kunabanye. Kwaye xa umntu erhola ngaphezulu kunomnye umntu, kungenxa yezizathu apho wonke umntu avumayo ukuba zifanelekile.
Ewe, ingxoxo epheleleyo ijongana namanqaku aphucukileyo ukuze aveze ukuba nokwenzeka kokugqibela, ukufaneleka, kunye nobume, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba endaweni yokuhlawula ipropathi, amandla, okanye imveliso, nto leyo ekhokelela kumahluko omkhulu wengeniso kunye nobutyebi obungenawo. ube naso nasiphi na isiseko sokuziphatha ngaphandle kolunye okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-elitism kwaye lufaka iimali ezinkulu zetyala ngendlela yentlupheko, emva kokukhuselwa kobutyebi, njalo njalo - i-parecon ikhetha ukuhlawula kuphela ukuba sisebenza nzima kangakanani kwaye ixesha elide kangakanani kunye nokungonwabi esikunyamezelayo. umsebenzi. Uthatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho lubanga ukuba oku kuyawuhlonipha umzamo esiwenzayo kunye nabo nabuphi na ubunzima esibunyamezelayo ukudala imveliso exatyiswayo ekuhlaleni.
Inxalenye yenkuthazo yomsebenzi womvuzo, wokuba kufuneka ufumane umsebenzi ofunekayo ofezekisiweyo ngaphandle kwenkcitho engafanelekanga, yinto eyenza i-parecon ibhengeze ukuba umsebenzi ofumana umvuzo kufuneka ube nexabiso lentlalontle. Ukuba ndifuna ingeniso ngeeyure endizichitha ndiqamba umculo, ndisakha izindlu, ndidlalela iqela lebhola i-shortstop (okanye ndigrumba imingxunya ndize ndiyigcwalise), andisayi kuqiniseka kuba andinakukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na kwezo zinto ngokwaneleyo ukuze ndiqinisekise ukuba ndisenza nantoni na. ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinxulumeneyo. Umsebenzi onje, owenziwe ndim, awusayi kuxatyiswa ngokwasentlalweni kuba andikwazi ukwenza loo misebenzi ngokuluncedo eluntwini. Andinazo ezo zakhono.
Ukuba ndithi, endaweni yoko, ndihlawule iiyure endizichitha ndisenza iibhayisekile okanye amayeza, okanye mhlawumbi ndibhale inkcazo yentlalontle, kwaye ukuba yimveliso efunwa luluntu kwaye ndiyakwazi ukuyivelisa ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ndinokufumana umvuzo izinga eliqhelekileyo kumgudu wam, kodwa andikwazi ukuma nje kwaye ndithi, heyi, ndisebenze, ndihlawule. Kuya kufuneka ndenze imveliso ehambelana nexesha endibanga ukuba ndilichithile. Andihlawulwa ngexabiso lemveliso endiyivelisayo, kodwa kunye nabalingane bam bebhunga, umsebenzi wam kufuneka uvelise imveliso exatyisiweyo ukuba ubalwa njengokufanele ukuhlawulwa ngexesha lawo, ubunzulu, kunye nobunzima bawo.
Impembelelo yenkuthazo yale ndlela yothatho-nxaxheba yezoqoqosho kumvuzo yile kanye ifanele ukuba yiyo. Ndinenkuthazo yokusebenza kakuhle, nzima, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko ndinyamezele ukungonwabi ukwenza izinto eziluncedo eluntwini. Andityhalwa okanye andinyanzelwanga, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ndisebenze ixesha elide okanye ngaphezulu okanye kwiimeko ezimandundu kunempilo yam okanye ibhenefithi yoluntu, emsebenzini kunye nasekusetyenzisweni. Kwaye kuyo yonke le nto ndiphathwa ngokuchanekileyo njengaye wonke umntu.
Nantsi indlela ebonisa ukucinga ngayo ukuba omnye ummeli weparecon, uPeter Bohmer, uhlala egxininisa. Khawufane ucinge ngomsebenzi wakho/umvuzo kunye nexesha lokuphumla emsebenzini njengoluhlobo lwenqwaba eneziphumo ezahlukeneyo kuwe nakwabanye. Wonke umntu onokusebenza unomthwalo onjalo kuquka ukuphumla kunye nomsebenzi wakhe / umvuzo wabo. Uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba luthi ixabiso lilonke lenqwaba yomsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka lilingane nexabiso elipheleleyo lezinye iinyanda zabanye abasebenzi. Into esiyilinganisayo sisimbuku sexabiso lomsebenzi kunye nexabiso lengeniso efunyenweyo kunye nexabiso lokuzonwabisa.
Ukucacisa ngakumbi, khawucinge ukuba wonke umntu usebenza ixesha elide ngokulinganayo, nzima ngokulinganayo, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo - kwaye sonke silisebenzisa kakuhle ixesha lethu kunye nobuncwane esibusebenzisayo ukuze abanye bazuze ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi wethu. Ngokuqinisekileyo elo lilungiselelo lobulungisa. Kulungile, kodwa ngoku cinga ukuba ubizwe ngeemeko (okanye izinto ozikhethayo) ukuba usebenze ixesha elide, okanye unzima, okanye unyamezele iimeko ezimbi ngakumbi. Kutheni ungavuma loo nto? Ukuze kulunge, ubuya kwenza oko ukuze ufumane ingeniso eyongezelelekileyo ekhawulelana nenkcitho yexesha elongezelelweyo emsebenzini. Okanye, masithi endaweni yoko ungathanda ukusebenza iiyure ezimbalwa, okanye ngaphantsi nzima, okanye phantsi kweemeko ezingcono. Kutheni le nto uluntu - okanye abantu osebenza nabo - bathi, kulungile, ngokuqinisekileyo, qhubeka, uphumle ngakumbi? Phendula, kuba uya kuthatha ingeniso encinci, kwaye umvuzo wakho / inyanda yomsebenzi iya kuhlala ilingana kunye neyomntu wonke.
Ngaphandle kokufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kule nkcazo-ntetho, abameli be-parecon babanga ukuba ukuhlawulwa ixesha elide, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi oxatyiswayo eluntwini kubalulekile ekungabinaklasini kuba kunzima ukubona ukuba umntu unokuvelisa njani ulingano kunye nenkuthazo efanelekileyo kunye neziphumo eziluncedo ngenye indlela. . Iinketho eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngokuhlawula amandla, ipropathi, kunye/okanye imveliso, zivelisa umahluko omkhulu wengeniso, umzabalazo ongqwabalala phezu kwamaxhoba, kunye nenkuthazo egqwethekileyo yentlalontle. Kungenjalo, ukuvumela wonke umntu enze nawuphi na umsebenzi awufunayo, nangayiphi na imali ayikhethayo, kwaye emva koko atye nantoni na athanda ngayo umngcipheko wemfuno yeziphumo ezihambisa abasebenzi, kodwa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ngokuqinisekileyo akuvezi zinkuthazo zicacileyo okanye ingcaciso efunekayo malunga nezinto ezikhethwayo, a. Inqaku esiza kubuyela kulo kamva xa siqwalasela izizathu zabanye abantu abathandabuza ukulunga okanye ukwenzeka kwe-parecon.
Ngamafutshane, malunga nemigaqo yokuziphatha, i-pareconist ixoxa ukuba ixesha, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi ngamnye ngokuziphatha ufanele ukuvuzwa. Ziyiyo into eyenziwa ngumsebenzi kwimveliso yentlalontle. Ukuba kukho enye indlela esesikweni, kulungile, kodwa asiyiboni ukuba yintoni na. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo, kubonakala ngathi, amandla ahlawulayo, ipropathi, okanye ukuphiwa okungcono okanye ukusebenza kwinto ethathwa njengexabiseke kakhulu (ukugcina ngokuyidinga ukuba ixabiseke konke konke), okanye ukuba nezixhobo ezingcono, okanye nokuba neetalente zemvelo.
Ngokumalunga nenkuthazo, i-pareconist ithi ubude bexesha, ubunzulu, kunye nokuba bukhali ziimpawu ezinokuthi inkuthazo zivele kwaye ezifunwa luluntu, ubuncinci ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Kwelinye icala, izinto ezikhuthaza ukuqhatha, ubusela, ukucinezela, nokungcolisa, azifuneki kuluntu. Badala iimeko ezinceda kuphela abo baqokelela inzuzo, ngeendleko ezinkulu kwabanye.
Ngokumalunga neziphumo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oko kuveliswayo kwenza ingqiqo kwezoqoqosho, ngokuqinisekileyo sifuna ukuba umsebenzi unqweneleke kwaye usebenze kakuhle. Ukuhlawulela loo nto ingenaluncedo kwabanye ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuthethelelwe ukusebenzisa izibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo ekudalweni kwayo kuya kwaphula ingqiqo kwaye kunciphise inzuzo iyonke. Ukuvuza ipropathi, amandla, okanye imveliso, okanye ukungahoyi ukuba iinzame ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zibe luncedo eluntwini ziya kuphambuka kubulungisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, yiyo loo nto i-parecon ikhetha indlela yayo yomvuzo.
IiComplexes zeMisebenzi elungelelanisiweyo
Inqaku lesithathu elichazayo lothatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho lulungelelwaniso lwemisebenzi. Umsebenzi ngamnye wenza umxube wemisebenzi ukuze itotali yoxanduva lwakhe lomsebenzi lube neempembelelo zokuxhobisa ezithelekisekayo kubo njengoko umxube wawo wonke umsebenzi womnye umsebenzi unawo kubo bonke abanye. I-Parecon ibanga ukuba ukungabi naklasi kunye nokulawula ngokwakho akukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolu hlobo lokulinganisa. Yiyiphi ingqiqo ekhokelela kweli bango?
Okokuqala, i-balanced job complexes ayithethi ngobulungisa beemeko. Ukuba umntu uyonwabela iimeko ezingcono okanye ezimbi, indlela yokuhlawula izakuvelisa ubulungisa ngokubuyisela ngokufanelekileyo umahluko. I-balanced job complexes endaweni yoko imalunga nolwahlulo lweklasi kunye nomgaqo weklasi.
Sifuna ukungabikho komgangatho kwaye ngokuchazwa oku kuthetha ukuba asifuni ukuba amaziko ethu ezoqoqosho anike abemi abathile amandla angakumbi abathi bakhuthazeke ukuba bawasebenzise ukuziqwebela ubutyebi obugqithisileyo kunye neemeko ezingcono.
Siyazi ukuba ukuba sivumela abantu ukuba babe neendlela zokuvelisa kwaye banqume ukusetyenziswa kwayo, imbono yabo ngabanye kunye neenjongo zabo zonke ziya kuphazamiseka ngoko baya kulawula iziphumo kwaye baqokelele ubutyebi obugqithisileyo. Ngeso sizathu siyakwala ukuba nabanini njengodidi olungaphezulu kwabasebenzi.
Kodwa kwakhona kwavela ukuba ukuba abanye abantu benza kuphela ukuthoba amandla abasebenzi ngelixa abanye abantu bexhobisa kuphela abasebenzi, abo babesakuba ngabasebenzi bemveli baya kulawulwa โludidi lomnxibelelanisiโ lokugqibela. Abaphathi, amagqwetha, oogqirha, abacwangcisi-mali, kunye nabanye abenza imisebenzi exhobisayo ngaphakathi kwecandelo leshishini labasebenzi, baya kuthi, ngenxa yokuzithemba, ulwazi, ukufikelela kumanqanaba okwenza izigqibo, iimfuno zobuqu, umfanekiso wobuqu, umfanekiso wabanye, kunye nenkuthazo. isikhundla sabo sokuxhobisa sibanika, ukulawula abasebenzi - abathi nabo, ngenxa yesikhundla sabo sokuhluthwa baya kuswela ii-asethi eziququzelela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kwaye babonakale bengenakho ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokwengqiqo.
Ingqiqo yokufuna iindawo zemisebenzi elungeleleneyo isukela kolu qwalaselo kuba ukuba siyala ukuba abantu abathile balawule iimeko ezixhobisayo kunye neendima ngoko ke babe โludidi lomnxibelelanisiโ olwahlukileyo kubasebenzi, ngoko sifuna icandelo labasebenzi elinganiki abantu abathile kuphela. ukuxhobisa kwaye uninzi lwabantu ludodobalisa umsebenzi. Yiloo nto ebonakala ngathi ixhasa uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba kwisigqibo esingaphephekiyo esifuna ukuba siphelise ngokwesakhiwo ukusasazwa kokwahlulwahlulwa kwemisebenzi.
Ngolungelelwaniso lwemisebenzi sisamkela ubuchwephesha kuba ubuchwephesha bubalulekile kumsebenzi oxatyiswe ngokwentlalo, kodwa umsebenzi ngamnye wenza umxube wemisebenzi - hayi nje ukubethelela okanye ukuxhobisa kuphela - kwaye ingeyiyo ingcaphephe kuphela okanye yesiqhelo - ukuze wonke umntu alungiselelwe ngokuthelekiswa nangokufanelekileyo isikhundla sabo sezoqoqosho sokuthatha inxaxheba kumabhunga azilawulayo. I-Parecon inecandelo labasebenzi kangangokuba bonke abasebenzi banomxube wemisebenzi ethi, xa ithathwa kunye, ibaxhobise ngokuthelekiswayo. Oku kuthintela ulwahlulo lwabasebenzi oluseka udidi lomnxibelelanisi olawula abasebenzi.
Ulwahlulo lwemibutho yabasebenzi luqhelekile kubukhapitali kodwa kwanakuloo nto ibibizwa ngokuba bubusoshiyali benkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Inezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezingalungelelananga apho malunga ne-20% yabasebenzi benza yonke imisebenzi exhobisayo ngelixa abanye abasebenzi besenza imisebenzi ethob' amandla ngokugqithisileyo. Iqela langaphambili lihlala lifumana kwaye liphinda lifumane ukuzithemba okufunekayo, ulwazi, izakhono, kunye namandla okwenza izigqibo. Iqela lokugqibela endaweni yoko longeza ubukhulu becala ukudinwa. Kwaye lo mahluko wakhelwe kulwahlulo lwezabasebenzi oluthi lubeke iziphumo, kanye njengokuba ubunini babucala bunyanzelisa ukuba oongxowankulu balawule iziphumo zoqoqosho. Oko kukuthi, kanye njengokuba ongxowankulu belawula ubunini bubanika amandla amakhulu kunye neenjongo zokungahlali nabantu kodwa bazisebenzele, ngokunjalo udidi lwabaququzeleli olulawula umsebenzi wokuxhobisa lubanika amandla amakhulu (ingakumbi xa kungekho ongxowankulu bangentla) kunye neenjongo ezichasene noluntu kodwa ukuzisebenzela.
Thatha phezu komzi-mveliso kwaye ubhengeze umnqweno wokuwenza ube ngonobulungisa, osesikweni nobuntu. Akukhathaliseki nokuba unyaniseke kangakanani na, ukuba uthe wabugcina ubunini babucala uyakusilela kuba ubukho babo buzakubhukuqa iinzame zakho. Ngokufanayo, nokuba uyabususa ubunini babucala ukuze kungabikho oongxowankulu, ukuba uthe wagcina icandelo lezabasebenzi kwakhona uya kusilela nokuba uzama kangakanani na. Ulwahlulo lwezabasebenzi luya kuzibhukuqa iinzame zakho. Olu qwalaselo luqinisekiswa nalolona lwazi lusisiseko noluqhelekileyo lwabantu kunye namaziko, kodwa nangemizekelo emininzi yembali yazo zombini iindidi zokusilela.
Ke ngoko kuye kwavela ukuba ukuba nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo asiyonto yokunethezeka okanye imbonakalo yoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba kodwa, endaweni yoko, kungundoqo wokufumana ukungabi naklasi. Imbono yothatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho kukuba ukuba necandelo leshishini labasebenzi kuya kubhukuqa iinzame zokufumana ukungabi naklasi, ukuzilawula, kunye nokulingana, kodwa ukuba nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo kuya kuqhubela phambili ezo njongo zinqwenelekayo. Ukugqibelela, abameli be-parecon babiza iklasi elawula umsebenzi oxhobisayo iklasi yomququzeleli kwaye ibize iinkqubo zezoqoqosho eziphakamisa elo nqanaba kwisimo sokulawula (ngenxa yokusilela ukuphelisa ulwahlulo lweshishini lomsebenzi) ulungelelwaniso. Iindidi ezimbini zoqoqosho ezinolu phawu kanye, kwaye abathetheleli be-parecon bayibiza ngokuba ngumnxibelelanisi, yinto ethe yangena phantsi kweleyibhile yemarike yesoshiyali kunye nesicwangciso sobusoshiyali esisembindini.
UCwangciso loThatho-nxaxheba
Njengophawu lwesine nolokugqibela oluchazayo lothatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho, kutheni le nto uqoqosho kufuneka lube nesicwangciso sothatho-nxaxheba ukuze lungabi naklasi, luzilawule, njl.njl.? Ngaba bekungayi kuba lula ukunamathela kwiimarike apho abadlali abahlukeneyo bakhuphisanayo, okanye ukukhetha ucwangciso oluphakathi olwenziwe ukusuka phezulu ukuhla? Yeyiphi ingqiqo efuna uhlobo olutsha lolwabiwo?
Abameli bothatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho ngokuqinisekileyo bavuma ngokukhululekileyo ukuba ngenene kuya kuba lula ukunamathela kwiimarike okanye kucwangciso olungundoqo kunokwamkela inkqubo entsha yolwabiwo, kodwa bakwagxininisa ukuba ukugcina ezi nkqubo zindala zolwabiwo kuya kuba kukuzibulala ekufumaneni ukungabi naklasi, kancinci kakhulu ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo. ukuzilawula, ubulungisa, njl.
Abameli bezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba bathi zombini iimarike kunye nocwangciso olusembindini zineziphene ezinokuthi zigqwethe ukhetho lwezoqoqosho lwento enokwenziwa kwaye itye, kwaye, nangaphaya koko, banamandla angaphakathi anyanzelisa abasebenzi kunye nabathengi ukuba benze ukhetho oluchasene nokugcina ulawulo lobuqu. , umanyano, ulingano, ukungabi naklasi, ubugosa bendalo, njl. njl. Ukuba sifuna ukungabi naklasi, kufuneka sikhethe indlela entsha yolwabiwo.
Nangona kunjalo iingxoxo ezinjalo zifuna okungakumbi ukuba zigqitywe, ngokufutshane, ngokwengcaciso yayo, ucwangciso olusembindini lunika impembelelo egqithisileyo kubacwangcisi kunye nempembelelo ephantsi kwabanye. Abacwangcisi nabo bafuna amahlakani athembekileyo ngaphakathi emsebenzini ukuze banyanzelise imiyalelo yabacwangcisi nokuqokelela ulwazi olufunwa ngabacwangcisi. Xa uthuli luzinzile sibuyela kumahluko phakathi kwabavelisi abaxhotyisiweyo nabaphelelwe ngamandla โ oko kukuthi, amalungu eklasi yomnxibelelanisi kunye nabasebenzi.
Ngaphaya koko, bakuba benewonga lodidi olulawulayo, abacwangcisi kunye nawo onke amalungu eklasi yabanxibelelanisi abaxhotyisiweyo bayagoba izigqibo zokuqhubela phambili imidla yabo, nangona kusegameni lokugcinwa kwenkqubo. Oku kuqikelelwa ngokusekwe ekuqondeni abantu, iinkqubo, njalo njalo, kodwa kukwangqinelwa yimbali ye-socialism yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini - eyasusa abanini kodwa yaseka ulawulo lodidi lomnxibelelanisi endaweni yalo.
Ngeemarike ibali liyafana nangona iinkcukacha zihluke kakhulu. Kodwa apho ucwangciso olusembindini lunokuthi ngokuphikiswano lufikelele kuqingqo-maxabiso oluchanekileyo lweemveliso zoqoqosho kunye neenkqubo, iimarike azikwazi ukufikelela naloo nto kuba ziwachaza phosakeleyo amaxabiso ngokubhekiselele kwizinto zoluntu nezentlalo, impembelelo kwindalo, njl. njl. Iimarike zikwanyanzelisa ukuba abadlali baziphathe kakuhle. ngokuzingcayo, nkqu narcissistically, kwaye usabele kumgca wexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Akukho nto sinokuyenza ngaphandle kokwenza ukhetho ngaphandle kokukhathalela okanye naluphi na ulwazi oluchaphazela abanye abantu abasingqongileyo, singasathethi ke kwabanye abakude ngokwelizwe okanye abaphila kwixesha elizayo. Ngokwenene, kunye neemarike, umanyano luyohlwaywa, ukubawa kuyavuzwa.
Ngokunjalo, kodwa kuqondwa kancinci, iimarike ziphembelela umthetho wodidi. Kwingxakeko yokubamba isabelo semarike kunye nokuphepha ukukhuphisana kufuneka kucuthwe iindleko. Emva kwenqaku, oku kunokwenziwa kuphela ngeendleko zabasebenzi kunye nabathengi. Ukuyiphumeza kufuna abenzi bezigqibo abangakhathaliyo kwiimfuno zentlalo ezibanzi kwaye bazikhusele kwiilahleko ezithi zicuthwe iindleko ngeendleko zabasebenzi kunye nabathengi. Olu ludidi lomnxibelelanisi oluqeshwe ziifemu ukuqinisekisa intshiyekela nakwiminqweno yabasebenzi yokuzilawula.
Isigxeko ngasinye esiphakanyiswe ngentla apha, kungancinci konke, nangona sicaciswe ngokupheleleyo, sibonelela ngesizathu sokuba ngumcimi wentengiso kwaye azibandakanye nekwayara ngokubanzi ngokuchasene nocwangciso oluphakathi. Kodwa ngelixa uphonononga la manqaku angasentla kuya kubonisa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba kuya kuba kuhle ukuba nenkqubo entsha yolwabiwo engazange ivelise ulwahlulo lweklasi kwaye ikwazi ukuxabisa ngokufanelekileyo iziphumo zomntu ngamnye, ezentlalo, kunye ne-ecological, kunye nokuba nenkqubo yokwabiwa. iveliswe yi-dynamics yayo ubumbano endaweni yokuchasana noluntu kunye neyantlukwano endaweni ye-homogeneity, kutheni kufuneka samkele, ngakumbi, isicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba? Kutheni oko kuzalisekisa i-ajenda yethu? Kuthekani ukuba ukwamkela isicwangciso sothatho-nxaxheba akusayi kuqinisekisa iinzuzo ezifunwayo kodwa endaweni yoko kuya kuthatha uqoqosho kwi-pan yokuqhotsa luluse emlilweni?
Njengakwiempawu ezichazwe ngaphambili, ingxoxo esisiseko yocwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba ayintsokothanga. Sifuna indlela yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni hayi ngokuchasene nentlalontle. Sifuna uthatho-nxaxheba olunolwazi olunamanqanaba afanelekileyo okutsho, hayi imigangatho elawulayo. Sifuna iindleko zokwenyani zentlalo kunye neenzuzo ezithathelwa ingqalelo ngobulumko nangokukhululekileyo kwizigqibo, hayi iindleko zobuxoki kunye neenzuzo ezilawulwa ngokuzithandayo kwaye zixhatshazwe.
Le minqweno ifuna ukuba abo bachatshazelwe zizigqibo bathethathethane ngeziphumo zentsebenziswano kwaye nalo mdla uwodwa wanele ngokwaneleyo, ndiyakrokrela, ukunciphisa ulwabelo lwethu lokukhangela kucwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba njengoko kuchaziwe kwimodeli yeparecon, okanye kwinto efana nayo, nangayiphi na indlela. izinga.
Kucwangciso oluthatha inxaxheba, abasebenzi kunye nabathengi banokuvakalisa ngokukhululekileyo izinto abazithandayo kwaye oku akunakuphepheka ukuba sifuna ukuzilawula. Ngokwenza njalo, abasebenzi kunye nabathengi banexesha, ulwazi, kunye nenkuthazo yokuthathela ingqalelo into evezwa ngabanye kwaye bahlengahlengise ukhetho lwabo ngokufanelekileyo, ngasemva naphambili. Nje ukuba umntu acinge ngengxaki yolwabiwo enokuninzi engqondweni, okunye kuqhutywa yimiqobo yokuba noqingqo-maxabiso oluchanekileyo kunye nelizwi elifanelekileyo kubo bonke abadlali. Yiloo ndlela uHahnel kunye nam saye sayikhupha ngayo i-contours, nangaliphi na inqanaba, songeza kwinkqubo yothethathethwano edibeneyo kunye nentsebenziswano eyenziwe ngamanyathelo ebhunga kunye namaqumrhu aququzelelayo njengoko ayefuneka ukwenza imisebenzi ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwaye isebenze kuquka ukukwazi ukujongana nezothuso ezingalindelekanga, utshintsho kwizinto ezithandwayo, izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo, njl.
Ucwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba, ke ngoko, yimbonakaliso nje yeziko ye-anarchist yexesha elide, i-socialist edecentralized, kunye nomyalelo wenkolo wokuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi kufuneka benze isigqibo ngemveliso kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokwabo ngokweemfuno zabo kunye neminqweno kwaye benganyanzeliswa lukhetho olubekwe ngabanye. elite elimxinwa okanye udidi olulawulayo, nangona kukho uluvo oluthile lwe-parecon lolawulo lobuqu oluhlonyelweyo.
Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo umgxeki usenokuthi kuvakala kuzukile ngaphandle kokuba yonke le nkqubo isenokungena ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye, eneneni, kukho nabo banokuthi ukuzilawula bubuvuvu kuba kuya kuvelisa iziphumo ezingezizo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha, okanye ngubani onokuthi umvuzo olinganayo bubuvuvu kuba kuya kubakho inkuthazo eyaneleyo yokuba ngugqirha okanye ezinye iindima ezifuna amaqashiso. zoqeqesho kwaye zinemveliso kakhulu, okanye ukuba i-balanced job complexes yimbudane ngenxa yokuba ibhideke kakhulu kwaye nangawuphi na umcimbi abantu abaninzi abanako ukwenza oko ikufunayo, okanye ekugqibeleni olo cwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba bubuvuvu kuba luya kuwa tyaba, hayi kumaxabiso alo. , kodwa ekuphunyezweni kwayo. Konke oku kulungile ngokwaneleyo, kuba ukuba nayiphi na loo nto iyinyani, i-parecon iya kuba nesiphene kwaye iya kufuna uhlaziyo okanye, ukuba uhlaziyo lubonakalise ukuba alunakwenzeka, lugxothwe ngokupheleleyo. Akukho nanye kwezi, nokuba yinyani, nangona kunjalo, enokuqinisekisa ukubuyela umva kwiimarike okanye ukwahlulwahlulwa kweshishini labasebenzi, okanye ubunini babucala, xa kuthelekiswa nokufuna umbono osebenzayo ngaphaya kwazo zonke ezi.
Imo yangoku yeParecon
Siza kuthabatha ezi nkxalabo zingasentla, kunye nabanye ngokunjalo, kwinxalenye yesibini yolu vavanyo, kodwa nangaphambi koko, sinokubuza ngoku, kutheni umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo into yokuba iimpawu ezine ezichazayo ze-parecon zinokunqweneleka nawuphi na umcimbi? Ukuba bezinqweneleka ukuba bezinokuphunyezwa, umzekelo, bekungafanelanga ukuba abantu abaninzi baxoxe, baxoxisane, kwaye bathethelele uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, okanye bazame ukumisela ukuba luyasebenza na? Ukuba i-parecon iya kufaneleka ukuba ibonakalise ukuba inokwenzeka, kutheni kungekho ngxelo ingaphezulu, izincoko, kunye nenkxaso kunye nokugxekwa?
Uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, njengazo zonke iimodeli zengqiqo xa ziboniswa okokuqala, zazingabonakali kwaphela. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu kamva, nangona kunjalo, isagutyungelwe, masithi, ubuncinane ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu. Iyasokola ukusuka phantsi kwekhethini yokuzola rhoqo, kodwa emva koko iphinde iwe phantsi. Nokuba sithathela ingqalelo kuphela oongxowankulu abachasayo, nangona izinto sele ziqalisile ukuguquka njengoko ngokuthe ngcembe oongxowankulu abachasayo baye badibana ne-parecon baza baqalisa ukuzivavanyela bona, nanjengeziganeko zaseLatin America naseYurophu, kunye novoto, iivoti, kunye nonxunguphalo olucacileyo i-US kunye ne-UK sele iqalile ukubeka umba wento esiyifunayo phambili-inkqubela phambili ihamba kancinci, kwaye ingxoxo ebonakalayo iphantse ingabikho. Kodwa kutheni le nkqubo ithathe ixesha elide kangaka, kwaye kutheni, nangoku, kukho ingxoxo encinci yoshicilelo ecacileyo yalo mbono ngelixa amanani akhulayo amatsha ntliziyo kwiingcambu zengca eqala ukuthatha i-parecon ngokubalulekileyo?
Enye impendulo enokwenzeka, eluncedo kwaye engenachaphaza olubanzi, kukuba izimvo ezintsha kunye noqulunqo luhlala lufuna ixesha elininzi lokujongwa, kunye nexesha elingakumbi lokufumana uvavanyo lukawonke-wonke olunzulu. Ndicinga ukuba oku ngokuqinisekileyo yinxalenye yebali. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ayililo lonke ibali.
Kutheni, umzekelo, kungakhange kubekho uphononongo olukhulu kunye nezincoko malunga ne-parecon, nokuba zigxeka kakhulu, okanye ngobulali okanye zixhasa ngokungqongqo? Ndicinga ukuba kukho iinxalenye ezimbini kwimpendulo ngaphaya kokuqaphela ukuba izinto ezinjalo zithatha ixesha.
The first part is that there is relatively little written, whether as a review or otherwise, about any economic vision at all. It isnโt just particpatory economics that goes under-discussed (even in alternative media), but other economic visions as well (and, really, any kind of vision at all).
Yenza ibango elitsha malunga nendlela obusebenza ngayo ubukhapitali, okanye ubuhlanga, okanye nantoni na, kwihlabathi esinyamezela yonke imihla, kwaye iya kucalulwa, ngakumbi ukuba abantu banendlela yokungavumelani nayo. Yenza ibango malunga nokuba yintoni emayithathe indawo yobukhapitali, ubuhlanga, okanye nantoni na, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kuya kubakho inzolo yokuthula. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba athini na amabango ombono.
Kodwa ngelixa ukuchaswa kombono okungekho ngqo kuchaza ixesha elide, elicothayo kuwo nawaphi na amabango anombono, ndicinga ukuba inxalenye yesibini yempendulo kwimeko yezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, kukuba i-parecon ineempawu eziqhelanisa abantu abaqhuba upapasho oluqhubekayo, imiboniso yerediyo, kunye imibutho kude ekuyinikeni ukubonakala okuthobekileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba i-parecon ikhuthazwa ngokubanzi ngakwesobunxele, kuya kuvela uxinzelelo lotshintsho kumaziko asekhohlo ukuba awahambise kwiindlela ze-pareconish kwaye abantu abaninzi bavakalelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba olo tshintsho luya kutshabalalisa, okanye ngamanye amaxesha bade bawachase ukukhusela ukuqhubeka kwabo. iindima.
Kukho isifaniso esikhululekileyo kodwa esifundisayo ekunyukeni kobufazi okanye amandla amnyama kumashumi eminyaka emva. Njengoko ezo mbono zibanzi ziye zafumana amandla kuye kwakho uxinzelelo olukhulu lokunciphisa ubuhlanga kunye nesini kwiintshukumo zasekhohlo kunye neeprojekthi kunye nokuqhubela phambili iyantlukwano yenkcubeko kunye nobufazi. Kukwakho nochaso olumandla kolu tshintsho, hayi kancinci kubantu ababebabona besongela iimeko zabo. Ndicinga ukuba kuyafana kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba.
Abo bangabanini okanye abalawula iiprojekthi ezishiyiweyo, upapasho, kunye neentshukumo, ngokungafihlisiyo okanye ngokucacileyo baqonde kwinqanaba elithile ukuba ukuba iimbono zoqoqosho ezingabalulekanga ziye zaba namandla kwii-ajenda zabo zangoku zemizamo ekhohlo ziya kuphazanyiswa kukuqhutywa kukufuna ukulingana, ukuzilawula, kwaye ngokukodwa ukulungelelana. iindawo zemisebenzi ngaphakathi kweeprojekthi zabo kunye nemibutho. Nokuba bayaluchasa olu hlobo lotshintsho ukuze baphephe ukuphulukana nesikhundla okanye kuba becinga ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba kuya kuba yingozi kuyahluka ngokwahlukeneyo.
Kwakukho ixesha apho iphephabhuku elalingenaphononongo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho, okanye naluphi na uhlobo lokubonakala kwe-parecon konke konke, lalinokuthi ngokusemthethweni libange ngenxa yokuba i-parecon yayiyiseti yezimvo, ngaphandle kwenkxaso eninzi, nangenxa yokuba 't, enyanisweni, ifumene nakuphi na okubhaliweyo malunga ne-parecon. Ukungaceli kwabo ukubhala bekungayi kubonakalisa ukuxhathisa okusebenzayo kodwa, endaweni yoko, isimo nje esiqhelekileyo kude nombono nangaluphi na uhlobo, okanye nokungazi okunyanisekileyo kobukho be-parecon, okanye ukuthandabuza okunyanisekileyo malunga nexabiso layo. Kodwa kule mihla ubuncinci inani elilungileyo lamaphepha-ncwadi ashiyekileyo afumene ungeniso oluninzi kwaye aliwe ngokukhutheleyo okanye ahlala engahoywa onke kuquka nababhali abaziwayo kunye nabantu kwiintonga zabo. Ndicinga ukuba loo nto icebisa ukuguquguquka okwahlukileyo kunokungahoywa kakuhle.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, nokuba ziyintoni na izizathu, ukungabikho kwabantu abaxoxa ngokunzulu ngokufaneleka kwe-parecon kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo kuthintela kakhulu ukusasazeka kwayo. Umntu onokuba ngabafundi anokucinga ngokufanelekileyo kuye, ngaba kufuneka ndiyifunde le ncwadi, okanye eli nqaku nje? Ngaba ndifanele ndingene kule webhusayithi? Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenze ukuze ndiqonde ezi ngcamango? Ngaba kufuneka ndiphuhlise iimbono zam ngabo? Kulungile, yima, mhlawumbi akufanele ndiyenze nayiphi na loo nto. Ngapha koko, iijenali zam endizithandayo azikhange zithethe nelimdaka ngalo mbono. Ke kufuneka ndingayihoyi kwaye ndilinde kwaye ndibone ukuba i-parecon izuza ukuthembeka ngaphambi kokuba ndityale naliphi na ixesha lam elilinganiselweyo lokuyivavanya.
Olu hlobo lokuyeka ukufunda ukuthatha i-parecon - okanye nayiphi na enye into engahoywayo ngamajelo asekhohlo - ngokungqongqo ngokunika ixesha kunye nengqalelo, ngenxa yokungabikho kwengxoxo enzima yoshicilelo malunga nayo, kunengqiqo kumntu ngamnye. Ndenza izibalo zohlobo olufanayo, rhoqo, malunga namabali kunye nophando olungeyonxalenye yam. Ukuba abakwazi ukufumana ingqalelo kwabanye abasondeleyo kwisihloko, andiboni ukunika ixesha lam kubo. Kodwa ibhalwe nkulu - ngombono ngamnye, kunye ne-parecon, oku akukho ngqiqweni ukuba, njengoko ndikholelwa, ukuthi cwaka phakathi kwemithombo yeendaba ayikho ngqiqweni.
Nakweyiphi na imeko, olu hlobo loguqulo lusebenze ubuncinci ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Ukunyuka kwamanani abantu anxulumene ne-parecon ngaphandle kokungabikho kwengxoxo yoshicilelo kunye nengxoxo ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kunokuba kucothe, xa kubonwe kuloo mxholo. Kodwa nokuba iyacotha okanye iyakhawuleza, ngoku sinokuba nethemba, ngesizathu esithile, ukuba ingqalelo i-parecon ifikelela kwinqanaba eliya kuqhubela phambili ugwebo oludibeneyo lokufaneleka kwemodeli. Kwaye mhlawumbi oko kuya kuncediswa ngulo mnikelo uyinxalenye yesithathu.
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Nikela