Ehlabathini lonke, ukulima kwemizi-mveliso eyodwa kuye kwasusa ukuveliswa kokutya okuqhelekileyo kunye namafama, okonakalise amaxabiso okutya kunye nokongamela kokutya. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kumazantsi ehlabathi, apho umhlaba ugxininiswe kwizityalo ezisingiselwe i-biodiesel kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana. Ukuphendula, abalimi kunye namafama amancinci baququzelele izenzo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-53 nge-15 ka-Okthobha kuSuku lokuTya lwaMazwe ngaMazwe njengenyathelo le-Via Campesina, omnye wemibutho emikhulu ezimeleyo yemibutho yentlalontle, emele phantse abantu abazizigidi ezili-150 kwihlabathi liphela.
I-National Indigenous Campesino Movement yaseArgentina ijoyine uqhanqalazo olwenzeka kwihlabathi jikelele ngokuququzelela uqhanqalazo eBuenos Aires kuSuku lokuTya lweHlabathi. IArgentina ibisoloko ichazwa njengengobozi yesonka yaseMzantsi Melika kuba ibikhe yavelisa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nenyama yenkomo kuninzi lo mmandla. Kodwa nge-transgenetic soy boom ilizwe liye latshintshela kwimveliso yenkcubeko ye-mono yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle, ukugxotha imveliso yokutya yesintu kunye namafama.
Amakhulu e-campesinos aphawule usuku ngoqhanqalazo oluchasene nale modeli yezolimo ngaphandle kweSebe lezoLimo laseArgentina. “Kurhulumente, indawo yasemaphandleni [yenziwe] yimibutho yabanini-mhlaba kunye namashishini ezolimo, asikho,” utshilo uJavier ovela kumbutho we-campesino eCordoba, umbutho obandakanya iintsapho ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 ebezixhomekeke. kulimo lwemveli kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. “Nathi siyinxalenye yasemaphandleni, sithi thina esihlala emhlabeni sikhusela umhlaba, sifuna ukuqhubeka siphila kumhlaba wethu, kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Abalimi abagxothiweyo
Ngokutsho kobalo lwabantu lwezolimo lwase-Argentina, ngaphezu kwe-2008 iifama zivaliwe phakathi kwe-60,000 kunye ne-2002, ngelixa ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beefama bonyuka ukusuka kwi-2008 ukuya kwi-421 yeehektare. Ukutshintshela kwisoya kuthathe indawo yokulinywa kweenkozo ezininzi kunye nemifuno kunye nemveliso yenyama yenkomo yelizwe. Umphandi kwiziko lesizwe lophando lwentlalontle iCONICET, uTamara Peremulter uchaza ifuthe le-monoculture soy kwimveliso yokutya. "I-Soy ngokwembali ayizange ikhule e-Argentina. I-Soy yaziswa ngexesha le-538 ngexesha le-Green Revolution. I-soy ye-Transgenetic iye yaziswa kumazwe apho ngaphambi kokuba ukulima kwakungeke kwenzeke. Ixabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa i-soy lincede le nkqubo. I-Soy ithathe indawo yezinye izityalo, iindawo ezihlaselayo ezazifudula zityiswa iinkomo kunye nemveliso yobisi. I-Soy iphinde yahlasela iindawo zokuhlala zemveli kunye nemveli.
Ukufikelela kumhlaba kunye neengxabano malunga netayitile yomhlaba kuye kwaba ngomnye wemiba ephambili kumafama emveli athatyathelw' indawo ngoomatshini kunye neefama zobugcisa obuphezulu be-mono-culture. INational Indigenous Campesino Movement of Argentina (MNCI) inikela ingxelo yokuba i-82 pesenti yamafama aphila kwi-13 pesenti yomhlaba wesizwe osetyenziselwa ukulima, ngelixa i-4 pesenti yabanini-mhlaba abakhulu okanye "amachibi akhulayo" abatyali-mali bemali kwishishini lezolimo banezinto ezingaphezu kwe-65. XNUMX ekhulwini. Umahluko kwiitayitile zomhlaba kukhokelele ekugxothweni ngobundlobongela.
Ngomhla we-12 ku-Okthobha ka-2009 ngosuku apho abantu bomthonyama bekhumbula imbubhiso yabantu babo emva kokufika kukaChristopher Columbus ngo-1492, umlimi womthonyama, uJavier Chacoba wabulawa ngexesha loqhanqalazo lokugxothwa ngenkani kwabantu bomthonyama emhlabeni. Umfama oneminyaka engama-68 ubudala wabulawa kukudutyulwa kompu esiswini nguDario Amín, umnini-mhlaba. Amalungu oluntu lwaseChuschagasta ebemise inkampu ecaleni kwendlela yephondo ekumda wemihlaba efuna ukwamkelwa komhlaba weChuschagasta xa u-Amín kunye namagosa amabini awayesakuba ngamapolisa avela kuqhanqalazo. “Ngomhla wokukhumbula iminyaka engama-519 yembubhiso eLatin America, siye sasokola ukulahlekelwa ngumzalwana wethu (Javeri Chacobar) ngenxa nje yokumela amalungelo akhe, ekhusela isidima sakhe nomhlaba ongowakhe,” utshilo uMargarita Mamaní, ilungu lebhunga. Uluntu lwaseChuschagasta.
"Baye bakhupha amafama kunye namalungu oluntu lwemveli kumazwe. Abantu baye babulawa ekugxothweni," utsho uRicardo Ortiz ngummeli wemveli ovela kwiCampesino Movement yaseSantiago del Estero (MOCASE). Ngaphezulu kwe-9,000 yeentsapho zenza i-MOCASE, intshukumo esezantsi yamafama emveli kunye namaqela emveli. “Ngoku babulele umfama waseTucuman ubhuti, ebekumngcelele efuna amalungelo abo yaze indoda ethenge amasimi yakhupha umpu yadubula le ndoda yangxwelerha abane. ; kungenxa yoko le nto sinexhala.
Ingcinezelo yamapolisa
Ngo-2008 kuphela ngaphezulu kwama-35 e-campesinos abanjwa kwaye izigunyaziso zokubanjwa ezikhutshelwe ezinye ezingama-95, eMendoza, Formosa naseSantiago del Estero, kuluntu olukhabayo imodeli yoshishino lwezolimo. ISantiago del Estero liphondo elakhe latyeba kumhlaba wamahlathi kwaye alizange lichukunyiswe yisoya. Oku kwatshintsha njengoko ukunyuka kwamaxabiso esoya kwenze ezi ndawo zikude ngoku zibenengeniso kubalimi besoya.
Oku "kukuzingelwa kwamagqwirha," njengoko i-MNCI iyichazile imeko yee-campesinos zokuchasa ukugxothwa komhlaba, nokukhusela iinkcubeko zemveli. Amapolisa asekuhlaleni anyanzelisa imiyalelo yokugxotha kwaye ahlangabezane naluphi na uxhathiso ngamapolisa, iiklabhu kwaye amaxesha amaninzi iimbumbulu. "Ukuchasa iiCampesinos zitshutshiswa ngobundlobongela bezopolitiko. Sifuna ukuba amafama avalelweyo akhululwe, amagosa, iijaji kunye namapolisa anyhasha amalungelo oluntu makaphandwe kwaye kupheliswe ukugxothwa kwabantu," ibhengeze i-MNCI.
UShishino lwezoLimo ludala ukungabikho kwemisebenzi
Utshintsho kwizityalo zenkcubeko enye kunye nokugxininiswa komhlaba kuye kwanwenwela ekubeni kulinywe ngokwesithethe kuqeshwa amafama amancinci afana nezidiliya. Ishishini lewayini lase Argentina liye lakhula kule minyaka yakutsha nje, ixabiso lilonke le wayini yase Argentina linyuke ukusuka kwi 75 yezigidi ukuya kwi 146 yezigidi zeedola phakathi ko 2006 kunye no 2008. IMendoza yeyona ndawo ivelisa iwayini eArgentina, enemozulu entle kumdiliya weMalbec. Ufikelelo lwamanzi ngowona mba uphambili kuluntu lwasemaphandleni kunye nelomthonyama apho.
UMarcelo Quieroga ophuma kwi-Union of Rural Workers (UST) uthi uninzi lwezidiliya zaseMendoza zilawulwa ngabatyali-zimali baseFransi nabaseSwitzerland, abathenga umhlaba kunye noomatshini bemveliso yewayini. "Basebenzisa oomatshini endaweni yabasebenzi. Ngokuvelisa iwayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle iindawo zewayini ziye zalawula imveliso. Osokolayo ngumsebenzi wasezilalini ongafumani msebenzi, aphele ehlala kumatyotyombe ngenxa yokungaphangeli ezilalini. "
Ukufuduswa kwabantu emaphandleni kubangela ubuhlwempu nokungabikho kwemisebenzi; awona maphondo ahlwempuzekileyo eArgentina asindleke ngokumangalisayo ishishini lesoya, kunye namasimi esoya athabathel' indawo amahlathi kunye neenkomo. I-MNCI inike ingxelo yokuba imodeli yesoya idala isithuba somsebenzi esinye kuphela kwiihektare ezingama-500 ezilinywayo. Ngeli xesha, ulimo lwemveli lubonelela ngezithuba zemisebenzi ezingama-35 kwiihektare ezili-100 ngalinye ezilinywayo, ngeli lixa ziqinisekisa ukwahluka kokutya, imveliso okanye iimarike zasekuhlaleni kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kobutyebi obunjengomhlaba namanzi.
Ulongamo Lokutya
Urhwebo kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwenkqubo yokutya yaseArgentina kukhokelele ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso okutya, kunye nokwanda kwentlupheko yasemaphandleni. Oku kuye kwaba yinto yehlabathi jikelele. UVandana Shiva ubhala athi: “Izigidi ngezigidi zabantu azinakutya ngenxa yokuba iifektri zahlutha ubomi babo kwezolimo kunye nelungelo labo lokutya.
I-Via Campesina inayo enye indlela kwishishini lezolimo, inyanzelisa oorhulumente ukuba bakhuthaze ulimo lwasekhaya, ulimo lwemveli olubonelela uluntu ngokutya kokwenyani. "Lixesha lokuba yonke imibutho yoluntu ibuqonde ubunzulu bale meko, i-capital yehlabathi akufuneki ilawule ukutya kwethu, okanye ithathe izigqibo emva kweminyango evaliweyo. Ikamva lokutya kwethu, ukukhuselwa kwemithombo yethu kwaye ngakumbi imbewu yethu, lilungelo abantu, utshilo uDena Hoff, umnxibelelanisi weVia Campesina kuMntla Merika.
Ulawulo lokutya njengoko luchazwa yi-Via Campesina lilungelo labantu lokuchaza umgaqo-nkqubo wabo wezolimo kunye nokutya, kunye nelungelo lamafama kunye nabalimi bokuvelisa ukutya. Uluntu lwehlabathi lonke lufuna enye indlela yomzekelo olawulwa yiCargill, iMonsanto, iGeneral Foods, iNestle kunye neKraft yokutya. Belambile yimizi-mveliso kunye noxinzelelo, abemi ngoku balambele iindlela zokuvelisa zemveli kunye nokwahluka kwinkqubo yokutya.
UMarie Trigona ngumbhali, umvelisi werediyo kunye nomenzi wefilimu ozinze eArgentina. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe]
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