Abantu abamalunga nama-30,000 1976 banyamalala ebudeni bolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi waseArgentina ngowe-1983-XNUMX. Baxhwilwa ngamaqela e-commando ezinzulwini zobusuku, basiwa kumaziko okuvalelwa ngokufihlakeleyo. Elona ziko lentuthumbo likhulu nelona lidume kakubi, Isikolo se-ESMA Navy Mechanics eBuenos Aires sisamile nanamhlanje, kodwa njengemyuziyam yeMemori.
Kwi-ESMA uMkhosi waManzi kunye namanye amaqela amapolisa kunye namajoni ayile inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokunyamalala kwabantu ngenkani. Uninzi lwamabanjwa lwalugcinwe kwiKota yeGosa, apho amagosa aphezulu ayelala kwaye ehlala ngelixa abafazi kunye namadoda bathuthunjiswa kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye ne-attic.
Ixhoba lentuthumbo uVictor Basterra wabanjwa e-ESMA ukusuka ngo-1979 de kwaba sekupheleni kolawulo lobuzwilakhe. Kumgangatho ongaphantsi we-ESMA's Officer's Quarters, u-Basterra wanqumla kwindawo enye apho yena namabanjwa batyhubela uloyiko olungathethekiyo. Lo mmandla wawubizwa ngokuba yi ‘huevera’ okanye ‘ikomityi yeqanda’ ngenxa yokuba iindonga zazinebhokisi zamaqanda ukuze kungabikho ingxolo.”
Bangaphezu kwama-5,000 abantu ababanjiweyo kwaye banyamalala kwisikolo se-ESMA Navy Mechanics School. Amakhulu amagosa, abafundisi kunye namagosa akwinqanaba eliphezulu asebenza kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Kwakhona amabanjwa ayevalelwa aze athuthunjiswe kwigumbi eliphezulu elalikwabizwa ngokuba yi “Capucha” okanye “Hood.” Umkhosi walithiya eli gama limbi ngenxa yokuba amabanjwa ayebotshwe izandla yaye egqunywe iminqwazi.
Uninzi lwamaxhoba avela kwi-ESMA ayenziwe iziyobisi kwaye awela elwandle kwiinqwelomoya zokufa. Imbalwa imizimba ethe yafunyanwa.
I-ESMA yayihlala kwindawo efihlakeleyo yokubeleka apho abafazi abakhulelweyo ababebanjelwe e-ESMA banyanzelwa ukuba babelekele eluvalelweni. Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baye bancedisa ekuhanjisweni. Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zahlukaniswa noonina zaza zahluthwa ngoomatiloshe okanye eminye imikhosi yasemkhosini. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantwana abangama-35 bazalwa ngelixa oomama babo babegcinwe ekuthinjweni ngokungekho mthethweni kwi-ESMA.
Amaxhoba ambalwa okuthuthunjiswa awasinda kwi-ESMA anikezela ngolwazi oluninzi malunga nokuba yintoni eyaziwayo malunga nendlela i-ESMA esebenza ngayo. U-Basterra, oza kungqina kweli tyala, wathatha iifoto zamagosa kunye namabanjwa ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe e-ESMA, ebeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni ukuze abakhuphele ngaphandle kamva enika ubungqina bokuzama amagosa. Iifoto zasetyenziswa kwi-Junta Trial yokuqala ngo-1985.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, abasindileyo kunye neentsapho zabo babelindele ukuxoxwa kwetyala lamagosa asebenza kwi-ESMA kwaye ngoku ajongene nezityholo zokuxhaphaza amalungelo oluntu, intuthumbo kunye nokubulala.
Kangangeminyaka engama-29 iqela lamalungelo oluntu iMothers of Plaza de Mayo belibambe unyaka walo ngoMatshi wosuku lwaminyaka le lweResistance on Human Rights ukuze lifune ubulungisa nolwazi lokuba baphi abantwana babo. UMarta Ocampo de Vazquez ngumongameli wooMama bePlaza de Mayo - uMnini wokuSekwa. “Namhlanje sibambe umhla wama-29 kuMatshi weResistance, sikhumbula ixesha lethu elidlulileyo. Kwaye sikhumbule ukuba asinayo inyaniso kunye nobulungisa. Asikayazi yonke inyani kunye nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kubantwana bethu. ”
Ukususela ngo-1977, ooMama basePlaza de Mayo baye baqhankqalaza kwimbali yePlaza de Mayo. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi loomama ngoku sele lukwiminyaka yama-80 ubudala, abanye banexhala lokuba abayi kuphila de babone umkhosi ubekek’ ityala ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwawo. UMatshi walo nyaka wokuchasa ufike kusuku ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ityala elikhulu lamalungelo oluntu.
Ngomhla wokuvula ityala le-ESMA, abasindileyo, izalamane kunye nabalwela amalungelo banxibe izikipa ezibonisa umyalezo wetyala kunye nesohlwayo. UVictoria Donda, owazalwa e-ESMA ngelixa umama wakhe wayeseluvalelweni waya kweli tyala (owesibini ukusuka ekhohlo). UDonda waphinda wazichaza ukuba ungubani ngo-2003.
Ulingo lwe-ESMA lolona lingo lukhulu lwamalungelo oluntu kwimbali yaseLatin America. Phakathi kwabo baseluxolweni baquka uAlfredo Astiz, uJorge Acosta, uRicardo Cavallo kunye no-Adolfo Donda, ekubhekiselwe kubo ngamaqela amaLungelo oLuntu abanye babona bacinezeli ababi phakathi kwamanqanaba omkhosi. Lilonke, amajoni aselwandle alishumi elinesithathu, amapolisa amabini, unogada waselunxwemeni omnye, kunye negosa lomkhosi elinye basenkundleni.
Ityala le-ESMA linyathelo elamkelekileyo elisingise kubulungisa, nangona kunjalo kuninzi okuseza kwaziwa malunga nokuba babephi abantu abangama-30,000 abathe banyamalala ngenkani. Amatyala enziwa ukuba abe nokwenzeka ngumsebenzi wabalweli bamalungelo oluntu abasoloko befuna okusesikweni ngolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa kwabo babathandayo.
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UMarie Trigona
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