Ukudutyulwa kwabantu abaninzi kwiplanti ye-Kraft Foods e-Argentina kubangele uqhanqalazo kwilizwe lonke, kwaye kwavuselela igagasi elitsha labasebenzi abaququzelelayo. Ngo-Agasti, u-Kraft wagxotha abasebenzi be-160 emva kokuba bagwayimbile befuna amanyathelo afanelekileyo ezempilo kwifektri yenkampani kwidolophu yaseBuenos Aires ngexesha lobhubhani womkhuhlane wehagu e-Argentina. Uninzi lwabasebenzi abagxothiweyo ibingamalungu emibutho esebenzayo; phantse bonke abathunywa bomanyano lomzi-mveliso bagxothwa.
Abasebenzi baseKraft baphendule ngokuthatha isityalo. Baye banqumamisa umsebenzi kangangeentsuku ezingama-40, uninzi lwabasebenzi abangama-3,000 abathe bathabatha inxaxheba kolu qhankqalazo. Inkampani esekwe e-US ityhola abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo ngokuthintela abasebenzi ukuba baphume kwiplanti, kodwa imanyano ithi bebemise inkampu ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso ngoxolo befuna imisebenzi yabo. NgoSeptemba 25, amapolisa ahlasela abasebenzi kwaye abasusa ngamandla ukuze uKraft aphinde aqalise ukusebenza kwezityalo.
Lo mzi-mveliso ukhangeleka njengentolongo kunomzi-mveliso. Ucingo oluhlabayo lunqumla amasango, abalindi bahamba kumjikelezo nezinja ezihlaselayo, kwaye amapolisa agade akhwele ihashe. Amalungu eManyano awavumelekanga ukuba angene.
"Kukho amapolisa ngaphakathi kwiplanti. Abahloli baya emigceni kwaye banyanzelise abantu ukuba basebenze. Ngaphandle kwendawo, kukho amapolisa ajikeleze umzi-mveliso, "utsho uCarlos Mores, umthunywa womanyano ogxothwe eKraft.
Kraft: UKumkani woManyano
Imbali kaKraft izele zizinto ezithengiweyo, ezithengiweyo, ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nokuxinana okukrwada kwamandla entengiso. Inkampani ibuyele kwi-1903 xa uJames L. Kraft wavula umsasazi wamashizi eChicago, e-Illinois. Ngowe-1913, iKraft yavula isityalo sayo sokuqala ukwenza itshizi. Ibango likaKraft lodumo lafika ngokudibanisa kunye nokulandela isiqubulo sika-Andrew Carnegie: "Faka onke amaqanda akho kwibhasikithi enye uze ubukele loo bhasikidi, musa ukusabalalisa ukudubula kwakho. Impumelelo enkulu yobomi yenziwa ngokugxininiswa. "
NgeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini isigebenga samasi sasithumela izigidi ezi-4 zeeponti zamasi aso afakwe kwipasteurized patented eBritani ngeveki. Ukuziseka kwi-coattails ye-complex yezomkhosi-zemizi-mveliso, umda wayo olandelayo yayiyikhitshi langoku lasekhaya laseMelika, elikhuthazwa ukuba kupheke ukutya okulula, okunencasa, okukhawulezayo okunesondlo esisezantsi kakhulu.
U-Kraft wakhula waba yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokutya emhlabeni emva kokufumana i-Nabisco Brands ngo-2000. Kungekudala emva koko, i-Marlboro Man yathenga i-Kraft ngo-1992. ulawulo lweKraft Foods, ngoku eyeyesibini ngobukhulu inkampani yokutya emhlabeni, emva kweNestle.
Inkampani ivelisa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-70, kwaye isasaza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-150. Kumazwe amaninzi, njengeArgentina, inkokeli yokulungisa ukutya ithenga ngokuthe cwaka iibrendi zengingqi kwaye ithengise uphawu phantsi kwegama elifanayo. Ukudityaniswa kwamandla entengiso kulo lonke ishishini lokutya kube yinto enyakazelayo, kwaye intengiso yokutya yaseArgentina iyafana. Eyona gem inkulu kaKraft eArgentina yiTerrabusi cookie brand.
Ngo-1994 ukutya kwaseNabisco kwathenga iTerrabusi, eyona mveliso inkulu kwilizwe lonke. Ngelo xesha, umzi-mveliso wawuqeshe abantu abangama-8,000 2009. Ngo-4,000, elo nani liye lehla ngesiqingatha laya kutsho kuma-50 kuphela abasebenzi. Inkampani ivalele phantse i-XNUMX% yemarike yecookie yelizwe, isenza isityalo sikaKraft kwindawo yabasebenzi basePacheco yenye yezona zibalulekileyo ngaphandle kweMelika.
I-US yamazwe ngamazwe ifumene inzuzo erekhodiweyo ngo-2008, ithatha i-$ 42 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwingeniso. "I-Kraft yenye inkampani ekwazile ukwenza kakuhle nangona imeko yezoqoqosho idodobala, kuba, abantu kufuneka batye," iqhayisa ngevidiyo ekwi-intanethi ye-Kraft. Ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, abathengi abaninzi baphendukela kuqoqosho oluthe kratya, ukutya okucutshungulweyo, ukunceda isitokhwe sikaKraft ukuba siphakame kakhulu ngoSeptemba 18, 2008 kwi-$34 isabelo.
Izenzo ezichasene noManyano
Ngexesha lokuqhambuka komkhuhlane wehagu eArgentina ngoJulayi, inkonzo yezempilo yakhupha izikhokelo zeendawo zokusebenza. Oku kubandakanya ukubonelela ngesepha echasene nentsholongwane, ijeli yotywala, kunye neetawuli zephepha zococeko olwandisiweyo kunye nokunika ikhefu kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, abaziwa njengabasemngciphekweni omkhulu wentsholongwane.
“Ungquzulwano lwaqala ngexesha lobhubhani we-H1N1,” utshilo uFernando, umsebenzi owagxothwa eKraft. “Besifuna ukuphuculwa okufana neetawuli zephepha, itoilet paper, ijeli yealcohol, nezinye iindlela zempilo. Ngenxa yokuba senze amabango ethu, bagxothe abasebenzi abalikhulu elinamashumi amathandathu.
Ukongeza, inkampani yalile ukunika abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabasetyhini abanabantwana ikhefu lokuya kubeleka. Umphathiswa wezabaSebenzi ucele ukuba i-Kraft Foods ithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko lwezempilo, njengoko izikolo, iindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye neendawo zokusebenza zivaliwe kwilizwe lonke ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ye-H1N1, kodwa inkampani yala. Ukongeza, inkampani yavala iziko lokhathalelo lwemini lenkampani elinikezela ngabasetyhini iipeso ezingama-200 (iidola ezingama-70) ukuze bazifumanele owabo ukhathalelo lwabucala. UMphathiswa wezabaSebenzi okanye iManyano yoKutya kunye neZiselo ayizange ingenelele, kodwa inkonzo ichaze uKraft njenge "nkampani enzima" ngokubhekiselele kwingxabano yabasebenzi.
Ngeli xesha, inkampani yeza namapolisa ukuba agade umzi-mveliso. Ngokutsho kwabameli bombutho, le nkampani iye yade yazisa abaphathi ukuba bancine abasebenzi namapolisa ekhona, kodwa ngaphandle kwamagqwetha abasebenzi. Abasebenzi bagqiba kwelokuba bayeke ukumisa umsebenzi, babonise iishifti zabo baze bamise iintente ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso.
Inkampani yase-US yatyhola abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo ngokuthintela abasebenzi ukuba bangene kumzi-mveliso kwaye begrogrisa abaphathi, kodwa imanyano ithi bebeqhanqalaza ngoxolo benyanzelisa iimfuno zabo. Emva kokuba abasebenzi abagwayimbileyo baye kwii-ofisi zolawulo lwefektri, uKraft wagqiba ekubeni agxothe abasebenzi abali-160 ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso.
Kwalandela iphulo elithathe inyanga yonke, lokunyanzelisa ukuba abasebenzi baphinde baqeshwe kwaye kupheliswe intshutshiso yamatshantliziyo emibutho yabasebenzi. Abasebenzi baqhube uthotho lweendlela zokuvala kunye nokumiswa komsebenzi ngokupheleleyo ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-40. Kwilizwe lonke, abafundi, amatsha ntliziyo emibutho yabasebenzi, abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo, kunye namaqela amalungelo oluntu aququzelele izenzo ngokubambisana nabasebenzi baseTerrabusi, namhlanje iKraft Foods, Inc.
Kwi-Kraft Foods, iimanyano zabasebenzi kunye noqhanqalazo lonakalisa umfanekiso woluntu wenkampani. NgokukaSara Jones ophuma kwiphulo elithi Hayi kuKraft eUnited States, ikomkhulu likaKraft belilandela uphuhliso lwaseArgentina ngokusondeleyo. "Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba senze iphulo lokubambisana ukusuka apha eChicago kukuba ikomkhulu lihlala e-Illinois kwaye siyazi kakuhle ukuba balawula lo 'msebenzi.' Kwiiwebhusayithi ezinikezelwe kwiindaba malunga nomzabalazo siye sabona iidilesi ze-IP zeekhomputha ezili-17 ezidityaniswe kwi-EDS/Kraft Glenview, IL."
Amatshantliziyo kwikhaya lika-Kraft e-Illinois aqala iphulo ngokumanyana nabasebenzi base-Argentina emva kokudutyulwa kwaye bakhokele iphulo lokugwayimba ngokuchasene nenkokeli yokutya, ngeemveliso kwi-98% yamakhaya aseMelika.
Ebudeni bokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini lonke, ukuphelelwa yimisebenzi kunokuyitshabalalisa ngokoqobo intsapho. Ngexesha apho iKraft ichaze inzuzo yerekhodi, ithatha isigqibo sokugxotha abasebenzi. U-Kraft uvumile ukuba ubagxothile abasebenzi ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo oluchasene nenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabathunywa bathi ukongeza ekucoceni abaphembeleli bomanyano kwinkampani, uKraft ucebe ukuhlengahlengisa utshintsho ngokunciphisa utshintsho kunye nokubeka iiyure ezongeziweyo kwabanye.
"Inkampani ifuna ukuphumeza iinguqu zeeyure ze-12, kodwa kufuneka banciphise abasebenzi. Okokuqala kwafuneka basuse yonke intlangano yabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwesityalo-abathunywa bethu abanyuliweyo kunye nekhomishini yangaphakathi kwifektri, "kusho uFernando.
Iimpawu zikhomba kwisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo sokugxotha abasebenzi, kunye no-Kraft esebenzisa uqhanqalazo njengesizathu sokubeka phantsi abasebenzi be-160 ngobuninzi kunye nokuzikhupha kwi-activism ye-union. Kudliwano-ndlebe olupapashwe kwi Iphepha/12 Umphathiswa wezabaSebenzi uCarlos Tomada uthe ingxabano kwifektri yaseKraft "yayiyingxabano apho inkampani yenza isigqibo sokuziphindezela kubasebenzi bayo."
Amathemba kaKraft kwiRiphabhliki yaseBanana
Ukulandela uthethwano olungaphumeleliyo phakathi koMphathiswa wezaBasebenzi, iKraft, kunye nabathunywa bemanyano ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba 25, amapolisa arhangqa umzi-mveliso ahlasela abaqhankqalazi. Babambe abantu abangama-60 kwaye benzakalise i-12, amapolisa adubula irhasi neembumbulu zerabha, babetha abanye kwaye bahlasela abaqhankqalazi ngelixa bekhwele amahashe. UFernando uthi: “I-Kraft yinkampani yaseMntla Melika enemali yokuxhasa ucinezelo kunye nokuhlawula izohlwayo kwiSebe lezaBasebenzi xa besaphula imithetho yezabasebenzi yaseArgentina. Lo mbutho utyeshele ixesha loXolelwaniso oluSinyanzeliso eliyalelwe liSebe lezaBasebenzi eliza kunyanzelisa ukuqeshwa okwethutyana kwabo bonke abasebenzi abagxothiweyo de omabini amacala afikelele kwisivumelwano. U-Kraft wade wacela i-ambassy yase-US ukuba ithathe icala layo kwingxabano yabasebenzi eyandayo.
Ukusukela kuqhankqalazo, inkampani iphinde yaphinda ivelisa imveliso yesiqhelo kwimigca emihlanu yemveliso engama-36. Ngethuba lokumisa umsebenzi weentsuku ze-40, imigca yokuvelisa yayikhubazekile, kubandakanywa umgca we-Oreo, ukuvala iipayipi kunye nekhilimu emhlophe esetyenziswe kwicookies. Izisele zalo mzi-mveliso ziye zaqokelela iincukuthu ezingcolisa umgubo. UMlawuli weKraft weMicimbi yeNkampani uPedro Lopez Matheu uthe inkampani ibone "ilahleko enkulu," xa kuthelekiswa nokuthengiswa kwe-2008 e-Argentina kwi-370 yezigidi zeedola.
Ngexesha lokugxothwa, amapolisa avale abaqhankqalazi ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso kwindawo ekhumbuza imibutho yabasebenzi yatshutshiswa, ivalelwa, yaza yanyamalala kumzi-mveliso wakwaFord ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi wesizwe ngowe-1976-1983. Igqwetha lamalungelo oluntu uMaria del Carmen Verdu uthi uKraft wophula ikhowudi yolwaphulo-mthetho yaseArgentina kuba wasebenzisa isityalo njengendawo yokuvalela. “Endaweni yokuba asiwe kwizikhululo zamapolisa, amabanjwa avalelwa ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso, kwimeko engazange ibonwe ngaphambili apho amagqwetha ebengakwazi nokungena kwindawo ebevalelwa kuyo amabanjwa.
Iinkokheli zamashishini zeManyano yezoShishino yaseArgentina (IUA) zityhala urhulumente ukuba abe lukhuni kuqhanqalazo olukhulayo. Boyika ukuba uqhanqalazo lungaphazamisana nezicwangciso zabo zokudendwa kwabantu abaninzi besebenzisa imeko yezoqoqosho njengesizathu. I-UIA inika ingxelo yokuba ukusukela ngo-2008 kuye kwakho ngaphezulu kwe-220,000 yokuyeka emsebenzini e-Argentina.
"Apha eArgentina ingxaki yezoqoqosho iya isiba mandundu. Iinkampani ezininzi kufuneka 'zihlengahlengise' kwaye zinciphise iindleko zabasebenzi ukuze zigcine inzuzo, "utshilo uCarlos Mores, omnye umthunywa wombutho waxoshwa eKraft owabona ukuhlaselwa kwamapolisa ngoSeptemba 25. "Kraft Foods. , kunye namanye amaqela ezizwe ngezizwe anenkxaso ye-UIA, afuna ukuhlengahlengisa abasebenzi.Yiyo loo nto urhulumente evumela ingcinezelo enobundlobongela ejoliswe kubasebenzi, kwimiboniso esingazange siyibone ukususela kulawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi.Kuba bafuna abasebenzi bathwale umthwalo wabasebenzi. imeko yezoqoqosho.
Ukwaphula isithembiso sakhe sokuyeka ukudubula, ngoSeptemba wama-26 uKraft wanqumamisa abasebenzi abali-100 ngakumbi ababebakrokrela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo. NgoSeptemba 28, amawaka abasebenzi kunye nabaxhasi bahamba eBuenos Aires befuna ukuba abasebenzi baphinde baqeshwe. Ityala le-Kraft ngokukhawuleza laba ngumqondiso wedabi elikhulu lokuba ngubani oza kuhlawulela ubunzima bezoqoqosho-abasebenzi okanye iinkampani eziye zafumana inzuzo yerekhodi ngaphambi kokuwa.
“Xa ungquzulwano luqala malunga namanyathelo ezempilo kumkhuhlane wehagu, uKraft wayesele enesicwangciso sokugxotha abathunywa bemanyano ukuze banciphise umva, ukongeza kwintlupheko kunye nentswela-ngqesho kuwo wonke lo mmandla,” utshilo uNora Cortinas, ovela kumbutho wamalungelo abantu. yasePlaza de Mayo kumngcelele omkhulu wokuxhasa abasebenzi baseKraft.
Ekugqibeleni, uKraft wavuma ukuphonononga ukugxothwa "kwimeko-ngemeko." Ekuphela kwento eyenziwe yinkampani yayikubasebenzi abangama-50, besithi abasebenzi abagxothiweyo bayingozi kwinkampani, ngokutsho kukaKraft's Lopez Matheu. Abathunywa bemanyano banqabile esi sithembiso kumjikelo wokugqibela weengxoxo kwiSebe lezaBasebenzi.
I-Ambassy yase-US ayizange ingenelele ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ikhuphe ingxelo equlathe isoyikiso esifihliweyo sokuncipha kokuhamba kotyalo-mali lwangaphandle. "I-ambassy ilandele ingxabano ngokusekelwe kumdla wethu wokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwase-US e-Argentina, oluye lwanceda ukuvelisa imisebenzi yabasebenzi base-Argentina abangaphezu kwe-150,000."
“Ngaphakathi nangaphandle, isityalo senziwe ngomkhosi,” utshilo uMores. Eyona nto yaphula ngokuthe ngqo ikhowudi yezabasebenzi yaseArgentina yenkampani ibikukuthintela abathunywa bemanyano ukuba bangene kumzi-mveliso. Ngokomthetho, iinkampani kufuneka zivumele nabathunywa abanqunyanyisiweyo ukuba bafezekise indima yabo ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezaBasebenzi iphinde yaliphinda ilungelo labathunywa lokufezekisa imisebenzi yabo, kodwa amapolisa ephondo kunye nocingo oluhlabayo olukhusela umzi-mveliso lwenza ukuba oku kube yinto engenakwenzeka.
Kraft's Anti-Union Practices kulo lonke ihlabathi
"U-Kraft unembali yokususa abasebenzi abalungelelanisiweyo kunye nabaququzeleli bemibutho engekho phantsi kolawulo lwabo," kusho uJones, kwiphulo lokuqhawula i-Kraft e-United States. Umbutho woKutya waseColombia, iSinaltrainal, uxele ukutshutshiswa kwamalungu emanyano kwiifektri zaseKraft kwela lizwe.
U-Kraft uvale iifektri ezintlanu eMzantsi Melika emva kokufunyanwa kweempawu zeNabisco. Ukusukela ngo-2003, inkampani iye yagxotha amakhulu abasebenzi, yanciphisa abasebenzi ngama-37%. Xa ukudubula kwakunganelanga ukuthintela umsebenzi wombutho, inkampani iye yabhenela kwizisongelo ezingqalileyo, njengakwimeko yeqela labasebenzi abangama-30 ababevaleleke kwigumbi lesidlo sasemini baza baxelelwa ukuba basayine iileta ezibonisa ukuvunywa kwabo. Emva kokuba abasebenzi bebonile ukuba bavaleleke ngaphakathi, abazange bavume ukutyobela baza baqhankqalaza phambi komzi-mveliso waseColombia. Ngokufana netyala laseArgentina, eColombia uKraft ukwasebenzise amapolisa ukuba asuse ngenkani abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo kwiifektri.
"Abaphathi bemizi-mveliso abathe badlula kule nkampani kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo banemisebenzi ekhulayo, benyuka ngezithuba ezahlukeneyo kwaye bafuna ukunyuselwa ngokusebenzisa ngokungqongqo imigaqo-nkqubo yenkampani echasene nomanyano kunye nokusebenzisa amanyathelo anyanzelisa abasebenzi," utshilo umbutho weSinaltrainal. Kholambiya.
Iphulo lase-US lokwayikisa lithi uKraft ukwadlale indima kubhukuqo-mbuso lwaseHonduran lwakutsha nje. "I-Kraft Foods inobudlelwane kunye ne-coup yaseHonduras," kusho uJones. "I-Kraft Foods Inkampani ilungu le-Honduran American Chamber of Commerce-AMCHAM Honduras, exhasa kakhulu ukukhwabanisa eHonduras kwaye ichaze inkxaso yayo kuMicheletti." U-Kraft wajoyina i-CitiBank kunye no-Wal-Mart, nabo bangamalungu e-AMCHAM, kwingxelo yoluntu yokuxhasa "umongameli omtsha waseHonduras, uRoberto Micheletti."
IBhunga lezoShishino leSizwe laseHonduran, apho i-AMCHAM ililungu layo, yakhupha ingxelo yoonondaba mhla uMkhosi waseHonduran waxhwila umongameli onyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi, uManuel Zelaya, wamnyanzela ukuba akhwele inqwelomoya eya eCosta Rica. "Ukuhamba kukaMongameli uZelaya kuza ngenxa yokwaphulwa okucwangcisiweyo, ngurhulumente amkhokelayo, umgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho yaseHonduran ... Okwenzekileyo namhlanje kwakungatshintshi umongameli omnye komnye; namhlanje, equlunqwe kubumbano lwesizwe, intlonipho yomgaqo-siseko. , imithetho yelizwe, kunye nokumiselwa kwamaziko kwaphunyezwa,” itsho ingxelo yeendaba.
Ingxabano ye-Kraft e-Argentina ingaba ngumququ ophula umqolo wenkamela. Sele ibangele uqhanqalazo olukhulu njengesikhalo ngokuchasene nokudutyulwa okungakumbi kwilizwe lonke. Uninzi luthe ukuba uKraft uyabaleka, kukukhanya okuluhlaza kwiinkampani zaseArgentina ukuba zilandele. Amanye amaqela aquka umbutho wabafundi baseyunivesithi iFUBA, iqela lamalungelo oluntu Oomama basePlaza de Mayo Linea Fundadora, Abasebenzi beNdlela engaphantsi komhlaba, abasebenzi basezibhedlele kwilizwe lonke, iindibano zasebumelwaneni, kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi balwela ukumelwa kwiindawo zabo kwilizwe liphela befuna ukuba kupheliswe ingcinezelo. yemisebenzi yomanyano kunye nokudubula. Impendulo ebanzi yabemi ibonisa ingqumbo ethe yabakho ngokuchasene nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe eyaphula ulongamo lwesizwe ngokwaphula izithethe nemithetho yabasebenzi, kunye neemanyano ezingaphenduliyo kunye noorhulumente abangafuniyo ukukhusela abasebenzi.
I-Kraft inokuthi idibane nomdlalo wayo eArgentina. Ilizwe linesithethe eside sokuququzelela abasebenzi kunye neentshukumo ezomeleleyo nezisebenzayo zentlalo. Ingxaki ekhoyo inyuse amabango emodeli entsha yezoqoqosho engaxhomekekanga kakhulu kubatyali-zimali bangaphandle kunye neenkampani ezisebenzisa ukushukumiseka njengendlela yokulawula abasebenzi kumazwe asakhasayo.
UMarie Trigona yintatheli esekelwe eArgentina kwaye ubhala rhoqo kwiNkqubo yaseMelika (www.americaspolicy.org). Unokufumaneka ku mtrigona(a)msn.com.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela