I-24 kaNovemba iphawule ukuvalwa kweForam yesiBini yaMazwe ngaMazwe, "Frente a la Globalización: El Pueblo Es Primero" (Ukujongana nehlabathi jikelele, abantu beza kuqala), kunye namakhulu abathunywa bemveli, abaququzeleli be-campesino, amatshantliziyo aphantsi, iintatheli kunye namazwe ngamazwe ngokumatsha ngokubambisana. kwizitrato zaseQuetzaltenango, eGuatemala. Ngaphezu kwama-800 abathunywa abamele imibutho engama-262 abathathe inxaxheba kumsitho weentsuku ezintathu ukuququzelela amaqhinga kunye nokuphuhlisa izindululo zokuchasa imodeli yeniyoliberal yophuhliso eLatin America. Ukudlula kwiimarike zeziqhamo, abathengisi basezitalatweni kunye neendawo zokutyela zaseMcDonald's, amazwi akhwaza ngazwinye, evakalisa umzabalazo wamazwe ngamazwe ochasene nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi. Ngokugqithisileyo, isoyikiso sePlani ecetywayo yePuebla Panama yayiyeyona nto iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo kwizilogeni zoqhanqalazo, amazwi kunye nezindululo ngexesha leforum.
UVincent Fox, umongameli waseMexico, wabhengeza ngokusemthethweni iPlan Puebla Panama (PPP) ngoMatshi ka-2001 njengesiphakamiso soluhlu lweeprojekthi ezinkulu kwi-American Isthmus, ummandla osuka kuMzantsi-mpuma weMexico ukuya ePanama, eyenzelwe ukudibanisa ummandla kwihlabathi jikelele. uqoqosho. Abameli bePPP baceba ukuguqula ummandla ube yindawo yokucubungula kunye ne-corridor yokuthutha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuMntla Melika naseNtshona Yurophu. Izicwangciso zokuphuhlisa iEucalyptus kunye namasimi esundu ase-Afrika, iifama ze-shrimp zoshishino, icandelo lemveliso ye-maquiladora, imigodi kunye nothungelwano lwamandla olutsha luqulunqa i-corridor yemveliso yeprojekthi. Ukuze kuthuthwe iimpahla eziveliswayo, i-Plan Puebla Panama izimisele ukwakha uthungelwano lweendlela ezihamba phambili, imijelo eyomileyo, imizila kaloliwe enesantya esiphezulu kunye namachweba anzulu. I-American Isthmus ngummandla otyebileyo kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo, izibonelelo zendalo kunye neyantlukwano yenkcubeko, zonke ezo zisongelwa ngokufezekiswa kwePlani yasePuebla Panama. Ngokukodwa, isicwangciso sinakho ukufaka isandla ekulahlekeni komhlaba we-campesino, ilahleko yokuzimela koluntu, ilahleko yesakhono sabavelisi basekhaya ukuze bakhuphisane kwimarike yehlabathi, kunye noxinzelelo lwamafama emveli ukuba angene kwicandelo loshishino loqoqosho.
UNicolás Bravo, uluntu oluzabalaza ukukhusela ihlathi laseChimalapas kwiminqweno yeenkampani zokugawulwa kwemithi zangaphandle, urhulumente kunye noluntu olungabamelwane luhlala entliziyweni yalo mmandla kwiPlan Puebla Panama. Uhambo oluya eNicolás Bravo, ehlala kwiphondo elisezantsi lase-Oaxaca, libonisa izoyikiso zokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nomzabalazo woluntu ukugcina umhlaba, indalo kunye ne-biodiversity yaseMesoamerica. Ukuze ufike eNicolás Bravo, umntu kufuneka ahambe kwindlela enzima, edlula iindawo zokujonga amapolisa asemkhosini, indawo yokusebenza yenkampani yaseJamani yokugawulwa kwemithi i-PRICECA, kunye noluntu oluselumelwaneni, iNuevo Centro de Dotación de Ejido ebiphikisana namabango ngobundlobongela ilizwe likaNicolas Bravo. Umzabalazo woluntu uquke imbali ende yokuchasana noxinzelelo kunye nomdla weenkampani zangaphandle kulo mmandla.
Amanyathelo okuvala ukusebenza kwePRISECA kwenzeka ngo-1987 xa inkampani ingazange ilandele isivumelwano sokubonelela ngoncedo lweziseko zoncedo eluntwini ukuze kusetyenziswe umhlaba wayo.
Ngo-1990, umzabalazo wakhokelela ekudlwengulweni nasekubulaweni kuka-Cecilia kunye no-Lucía Cruz Escalante, iintombi zika-Anastacio Cruz Paz, inkokeli ye-campesino kunye nomceli mngeni we-PRICECA. Ukubulala kwaba sisiphumo soqhekeko phakathi koluntu malunga nokuba isicelo okanye ukungasifaki isicelo se-ejidal status (i-communal landtenure) kurhulumente, okuye kwanda ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye nomdla wamaqumrhu angaphandle. Umzabalazo womhlaba uye waqina ngakumbi ngo-1992 emva kokuphunyezwa kohlaziyo lweSiqendu 27 soMgaqo-siseko waseMexico owavumela ngokusemthethweni ukwenziwa kwabucala komhlaba we-ejidal.
Ukuqaphela ukuba imihlaba kaNicolas Bravo ayisayi kuphinda iqatshelwe phantsi kweSiqendu 27, uluntu lwaqala ukusebenzisana ne-UCIZONI, i-Union de Communidades Indigenas de la Zona Norte del Itsmo (Umanyano lwaBantu boMthombo kuMmandla oMntla we-Isthmus), ukuze ukuqhubeka nomzabalazo wokukhusela umhlaba wayo. I-UCIZONI, njengombutho wemveli osuka kwingca, ibixhathisa intsebenziswano yehlabathi kwaye ikhusela umhlaba we-ejidal kunye noluntu e-Oaxaca iminyaka eli-17. Iinkampani zamazwe angaphandle zokugawula imithi ezisebenzisa indlela yokufikelela okwandisiweyo kwimihlaba eyayikade ilawulwa ngabalimi nabemi bomthonyama, sele iqalisile ukucinezela uluntu ukuba luthengise imihlaba yalo xa lukhuselwe phantsi kweGatya lama-27. kwaye unikezela ngokwakha iindlela kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo ezingcono zokwakha izindlu njengenxalenye yothethathethwano, ngelixa urhulumente engenzanga nto ingako ekuphuculeni iziseko zophuhliso.
Abahlali baseNicolás Bravo balwazi kakuhle unxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zokujonga zomkhosi ezikwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka eluntwini, kwandisa ukungavisisani kunye neNuevo Centro de Dotación de Ejido malunga neengxabano zomhlaba kunye nezibonelelo zeenkampani zokugawula imithi yokucima iihektare ezisikiweyo zemithi ngaphakathi kumasipala. Ngokucacileyo, ngaphandle kwenkxaso evela kurhulumente, uxinzelelo lokuba abahlali badibanise kuqoqosho lwehlabathi luvumela ukhetho olumbalwa; yeka umhlaba, usebenze kwicandelo le-maquila elicetywayo, ufudukele e-US, okanye ujongane nemigaqo-nkqubo efana nePlan Puebla Panama enokuba yingozi yokonakalisa inkcubeko, umhlaba, i-biodiversity, kunye nokuphila koluntu kwingingqi ye-Isthmus. .
Kwiforam yeentsuku ezintathu eXela, eGuatemala, abathunywa ababemele imibutho yasekuhlaleni yaseMesoamerica babonise amabali afanayo nembali kaNicolás Bravo. Abathunywa babe nethuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwaye babonise uhlalutyo lweSicwangciso sasePuebla Panama kwiitheyibhile ezisebenzayo malunga nemiphumo enokubakho yeSicwangciso kubantu bomthonyama kunye nemithombo yendalo kunye nezindululo zezinye iimodeli zophuhliso. Nangona i-critique ye-globalization yayikhona ngokucacileyo ngaphakathi kwiforum, izithuba zabathathi-nxaxheba ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso eziphathekayo kwiphulo lokubambisana ngokuchasene nePlan Puebla Panama kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo efanayo yayilinganiselwe. Kwiqonga lokugqibela, abathunywa abamele imibutho yoluntu bagxeka umbutho weqonga kunye nezibhengezo ezicetywayo. U-Zoila José Juan, umthunywa osuka e-UCIZONI kunye nomfazi womthonyama wase-Oaxaca, eMexico, uvakalise ngamandla ukugxeka kwakhe iqonga. Kubaphulaphuli ababenomdla, waligxeka eli qonga ngokubandakanya ikakhulu izifundiswa kwaye wavakalisa imfuneko emandla yokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini, abantu bomthonyama, kunye nabaququzeleli basekuhlaleni abangeyiyo i-NGO kwiiforamu ezizayo.
IForam Xelajú iqukunjelwe kwindawo esembindini ye-Quetzal- tenango kunye nabathunywa befunda izibhengezo ezichasene ne-PPP kunye nezicwangciso zayo zokuhlanganisa i-Isthmus kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. U-Berta Caceras, umthunywa omele i-COPINH, umbutho wabemi bomthonyama kunye nee-campesinos ezilwa nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi eHonduras, ufunde izivumelwano zokugqibela zeforam. Izibhengezo zachaza ukugatywa ngokupheleleyo komfuziselo wophuhliso olucetywayo phantsi komanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe olubeka emngciphekweni amalungelo, ukhuseleko, impilo kunye nokwahlukana kwebhayoloji yoluntu lwaseMeso-america kwaye kwachaza ukuzinikela okunamandla ukujongana nale migaqo-nkqubo ngokuchasa ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu.
Ukubaluleka kweforamu kubonakaliswe kwisakhiwo sothungelwano lwabathunywa kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi ukuze kwakhiwe ulungelelwaniso lwekhonkrithi lokumelana nePlan Puebla Panama. Eqinisekisa imfuneko yeforum, uNeil Harvey, umthunywa kunye nombhali weChiapas Rebellion uthe, "Inqanaba lokuchasa lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lolwazi." Uphinde waqinisekisa olu luvo ngenkxalabo yokuba inyathelo elilandelayo kweli phulo kukunikela olu lwazi lusanda kufunyanwa ngolwimi olufikelelekayo kuluntu olunomdla nendlela yokuphila esemngciphekweni. Isindululo sephulo lemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nemiphumo enokubakho yeSicwangciso sasePuebla Panama kunye neemfuno zokuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo koluntu kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo zezivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso loqoqosho zomeleze indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukufikeleleka kolwazi kumzabalazo. . IQonga leSibini laMazwe ngaMazwe elichasene nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi libonise amandla ephulo lamazwe ngamazwe elichasene neSicwangciso sasePuebla Panama kwaye lavakalisa isibhengezo sika-Sub-commandante Marcos, isithethi somzabalazo waseZapatista: “I-Isthmus ayithengiswa.”
Iqonga lesithathu kuqikelelwa ukuba liya kuba eManagua, eNicaragua ngowama-2002. Z
————————————————————————————
UMarie Trigona ube yinxalenye yegqiza lePlan Puebla Panama. Usebenza njengoMncedisi weNkqubo kwi-Africana kunye neNkqubo yeZifundo zaseLatin America kwiYunivesithi yaseColgate.