Kwiminyaka yakutshanje ekhokelela kwingxaki yemali yaseArgentina yowama-2001, amawaka-waka emizi-mveliso avaliwe yaye izigidi zemisebenzi ziye zaphulukana nemisebenzi. Abasebenzi abaninzi baye bagqiba kwelokuba boyise ikamva lokungaqeshwa, bathathe indawo yabo yempangelo kwaye baphinde bafumane isidima sabo njengabasebenzi. Angaphezulu kwe-180 amashishini ahlaziyiweyo asebenzayo, aqeshe abasebenzi baseArgentina abangaphezu kwe-10,000 kumashishini aqhutywa yintsebenziswano, avalwa ngabaphathi kwaye aphinda avulwa ngabasebenzi. Phantse kuzo zonke iimeko abasebenzi bathabathe amashishini awayeshiywe okanye avaliwe ngabanini bawo phakathi nengxaki yemali.
Iifektri ezininzi ezilawulwa ngabasebenzi namhlanje zijongene nobutshaba kwaye zihlala zinogonyamelo oluvela kurhulumente. Abasebenzi kuye kwafuneka bazilungiselele ngokuchasene neenzame zokugxothwa ngobundlobongela kunye nezinye izenzo zobundlobongela baseburhulumenteni. Oku kuchaphazela abasebenzi kunye namashishini njengoko kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi kufuneka bayishiye indawo yokusebenza, batyale amandla kwidabi elisemthethweni kwaye balwele imithetho exhasa amashishini ahlaziyiweyo.
Ukuchasa inkcaso yekamva elingaqinisekanga elisemthethweni, amashishini amaninzi asele echanile aye ahlanganisana ukuze anyanzelise urhulumente ukuba asicombulule ngokusemthethweni intsebenziswano yawo. Ngomhla wama-27 ku-Okthobha, abasebenzi be-Renacer besebenzisa izixhobo zasekhaya, abasebenzi be-CUC baqhuba inkampani yezihlangu, ihotele ye-BAUEN, ihotele yase-City, i-BahÃa Blanca ex-Paloni indlu yokuxhela, i-La Foresta yokupakisha inyama kunye nomsebenzi we-Zanon-FaSinPat uqhuba isityalo se-ceramics ngaphandle kwenkundla yobumbano ukuya. ukunyanzelisa umthetho wesizwe wokuhluthwa komhlaba.
Uninzi lwamashishini ahlaziyiweyo asebenze kwaye akhuphisana kwimalike yongxowankulu iminyaka ngaphandle kokuma okusemthethweni. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso yomthetho, abasebenzi abaninzi abaqhuba amashishini baye babuyela ngasemva kukhuphiswano, abakwazi ukubamba umngcipheko kwimarike kwaye balahlekise abantu abaphakathi.
Ukusukela ngo-2003, abasebenzi bebesebenzisa ihotele yentsebenziswano ye-BAUEN ngaphandle kokuma okusemthethweni okanye inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Ukususela oko bathatha ihotele ngoMatshi 21, 2003, abasebenzi baye baqalisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukucoca ihotele ephangiwe nokuqesha iinkonzo zehotele. Ihotele iphinde yavulwa inabasebenzi abangama-40 kwaye ngoku iqeshe abasebenzi abamalunga ne-150.
Abasebenzi bahlangane ngoDisemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukunyanzela urhulumente wesixeko saseBuenos Aires ukuba avale umthetho oxhasa ukubuyisela ihotele ezandleni zomnini wangaphambili. Urhulumente weBA wala ukuvala umthetho. Ukuba ubambiswano lwe-BAUEN aluphumeleli ukutyhala umthetho omtsha ovumayo basengozini yokuphulukana nehotele yabo.
Ishumi elinesibini labasebenzi baseRenacer (Ex-Aurora) bahambe ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-5,000 ukuya kwindibano eBuenos Aires, becinezela ukuhluthwa ngokusisigxina kweplanti yabo. Imanyano yomvelisi wezinto zasekhaya iRenacer yasekwa ngo-2000 emva kokuba umnini-shishini wangaphambili egqibe kwelokuba avale umsebenzi, etyala iibhanki kunye namawaka abasebenzi emivuzo engahlawulwanga. Isityalo ebesaziwa ngokuba yiAurora savelisa oomatshini bokuhlamba. Kangangamashumi eminyaka umsebenzi weshishini wehlile kule ngingqi, eyona ndawo ibiza kakhulu ukuhlala eArgentina. I-Ushuaia yaziwa nangokuthi "isiphelo sehlabathi," enemozulu enzima ye-artic, engaphantsi kweekhilomitha ze-500 ukusuka kwi-Artic yaseMzantsi.
"Ifandesi yesityalo sethu sisisongelo esihlala sihleli, sijonge isisombululo esisisigxina ukuze sikwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso zethu ngokuzimeleyo kurhulumente," kuchaza uMonica Acosta, umongameli wangoku weRenacer. Ngaphezulu kwe-100 labasebenzi kunye neentsapho zabo baxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano, engakwaziyo ukuvelisa imveliso epheleleyo ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso. “Uninzi lwemithetho yokuhluthwa amashishini aphumeleleyo kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Emva kweminyaka emibini, umasibambisane kufuneka uqhube inkqubo kwakhona kwaye ujonge isisombululo esisemthethweni ukuze uqhubeke nokuvelisa. ” Ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali kunye nesisombululo esisisigxina, intsebenziswano kuye kwafuneka isebenzele iinkampani ezinjengeSanyo, iinxalenye zesixhobo sokugaya.
“Kukho iinyanga esigoduka nazo iidola ezingama-300, kodwa kukho ezinye iinyanga apho singenazo izinto ezaneleyo zokugoduka netshekhi yokurhola. Emva kokuhlawula irhafu kunye neendleko zethu siphela sisilela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu ezingundoqo,” utshilo uAcosta. Ukwathi abasebenzi akufuneki baqonde indlela yokuqhuba ishishini labo ngempumelelo kodwa baxhalabele nokuba abasemagunyeni baza kuwisa umthetho wokugxotha eli shishini. “Kufuneka senze izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye: ukuvelisa kunye nomzabalazo. Nathi asinakuyeka, kuba mhla siyeka ukulwa okanye ukuvelisa amashishini ahlaziyiweyo ayaqhotswa. Siyazi ukuba akukho politiki kweli lizwe le-oligarchic kunye ne-impiriyali liza kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba babe ngabanini beendlela zokuvelisa. "
Amakhulu abasebenzi abasuka kwezinye iifektri ezininzi eziqhuba abasebenzi bazibandakanya nentsebenziswano yeRenacer kwiimfuno zabo zomthetho wokuhluthwa komhlaba, kuquka nabasebenzi abasuka kwifaSinPat. Abasebenzi bomzi-mveliso we-ceramics iZanon babhiyozele uloyiso lwakutsha nje. Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Okthobha, abasebenzi baphumelele idabi elisemthethweni lenkundla yomanyano ukuba ivume ngokusemthethweni intsebenziswano yeFaSinPat iminyaka emithathu.
Imfuno yexesha elide eZanon yeyokuhluthwa kwelizwe phantsi kolawulo lwabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi baseZanon baye balwa idabi elifanayo kwinkundla yomanyano ukuze baqaphele ngokusemthethweni iFaSinPat (iFactory ngaphandle komphathi), intsebenziswano yabo yabasebenzi. Ngo-Oktobha 2005, iFaSinPat iphumelele ingxabano yomthetho, icinezela iinkundla ze-federal ukuba ziyiqaphele njengequmrhu elisemthethweni elinelungelo lokuqhuba intsebenziswano unyaka omnye. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ngokusondela komhla wokuphelelwa kuka-Okthobha, indibano yabasebenzi ivotele ukunyusa amanyathelo kunye neenzame zoluntu.
Ngokutsho kuka-Omar Villablanca, umsebenzi waseZanon osebenze kwisityalo se-ceramics iminyaka eyi-9, i-FaSinPat ayinakuze ibeke phantsi iingalo zabo ekulweni nomthetho welizwe lokuhluthwa. “Asizange siphumelele iminyaka emithathu yomthetho weFaSinPat kuba iijaji zingabantu abaqondayo. Siye samkelwa ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokuba [thina basebenzi] salwela iinkundla ukuze zibone oko sikufezileyo. Ngabasebenzi kuphela abavumayo ukubuyisela umzi-mveliso owawungamabhodlo owawunamatyala esisigidi seerandi awayesishiye ngasemva owayengumnini-mzi uLuis Zanon. Yayisithi [ngabasebenzi] kuphela ababekwazi ukudala imisebenzi. Abezopolitiko kwilizwe lonke bathetha ngeZanon kunye namanye amashishini ahlaziyiweyo, kodwa abakayivumi imigaqo-nkqubo enokubonelela ngesisombululo esiqinisekileyo ukuze abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-10,000 abaqeshwe kumashishini aqhuba abasebenzi basebenze ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokugxothwa emngciphekweni. ”
Ngemeko yomthetho, iFaSinPat inokugxila ekucwangcisweni kwemveliso, ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza kunye neeprojekthi zoluntu. Njengenxalenye yombhiyozo wabo, i-FASINPAT intsebenziswano imeme abasebenzi ukuba batyelele i-Zanon ukuze bafunde ukuba abasebenzi banokusebenza ngaphandle komphathi okanye umnini. Indibano yabasebenzi igqibe ekubeni ngoku iqumrhu labasebenzi likwimeko yokufundisa abanye abasebenzi ukusukela kwiminyaka emine enesiqingatha yokufunda ukuzilawula kwabasebenzi.
Nangona, i-Villablanca yakwenza kwacaca ukuba nangona imeko yezomthetho yesikhashana, i-FASINPAT iqoqo aliyi kuzishiya iingcambu zabo. “Into yokuqala esiyenzileyo emva kokufumana iindaba zokuba ijaji ivume ukuba sisemthethweni iminyaka emi-3 kukuvota kwindibano yethu yabasebenzi ekufuneka siqhubeke nokumatsha ezitalatweni nokuxhasa imizabalazo yabanye abasebenzi kunye neyamazantsi.”
Ngexesha le-rally ye-27 ka-Okthobha abasebenzi abavela e-Renacer, e-BAUEN nase-Zanon bavakalise ubumbano lwabo nabasebenzi abathi kwiintsuku ezingaphambili bajongana nokukhutshwa ngobundlobongela. Amapolisa angaphezu kwama-50 ahlasela ngogonyamelo abasebenzi abali-14 ababekwisikhululo sokutha ipetroli eBuenos Aires. Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuba abanini mashishini bebanga imali, abasebenzi baseka ikopolotyeni yasePunta Arenas. Banyanzelisa ukuba isikhululo sepetroli sihluthwe kwaye sinikezelwe kubasebenzi njengembuyekezo yokubuyisa imivuzo umniniyo angazange ayihlawule. Ngaphandle kweyantlukwano kunye negqwetha elixhasa ubungxowankulu uLuis Caro omele ubambiswano lwasePunta Arenas, abasebenzi baqhuba amashishini asuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo bathi: ukuba bayamosha omnye wethu, basonakala sonke.
“Iifektri ezivaliweyo zizifektri zokufa ezibulala iintsapho ziphela,” utshilo uFernando Velazquez ovela kwihotele yaseCity, umsebenzi oqhube waphinda wafumana ihotele kwisixeko esiselunxwemeni iMar del Plata. Iifektri ezithathwayo kunye namashishini abonisa ukuba aququzelela ukuphuhlisa amaqhinga okukhusela abasebenzi baseLatin America abasesichengeni sokuvalwa kwefektri kunye neemeko ezimbi zokusebenza. Ngelixa la mava enyanzeliswa ukuba aphile kunye kwimalike yongxowankulu benza imibono emitsha yenkcubeko entsha yokusebenza. “Imizi-mveliso evaliweyo kufuneka ibuyiselwe ngabasebenzi kwaye iinkundla kufuneka zilamkele ilungelo lokusebenza,” utshilo uVelazquez. "Sonke sifanelwe kukuhluthwa okuqinisekileyo kuba sihlaziya imisebenzi kunye nesidima."
UMarie Trigona yintatheli ezimeleyo, umbhali kunye nomenzi wamaxwebhu osekelwe eBuenos Aires. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe]