Abasebenzi baseBolivia eArgentina bacinezela urhulumente ukuba athathe inyathelo ngokuchasene neemeko ezinje ngamakhoboka ngaphakathi kweevenkile ezifihlakeleyo zelaphu emva kokuba umlilo kumzi-mveliso ubulale abantu abathandathu eBuenos Aires nge-30 kaMatshi. Urhulumente uqalise ukuhlolwa kweevenkile zokuthunga eziqesha abantu baseBolivia nabaseParaguay. Abahloli bavala ubuncinane i-100 yezi zityalo.
'Kuye kwafuneka ukuba sithule kwaye samkele ukuphathwa kakubi. Ndidikiwe kukubetha imivumbo. Siyaqala ukulwa iicompañeros, enkosi ngokuba lapha.' La ngamazwi kaAna Salazar kwindibano yabasebenzi belaphu ngobusuku bangeCawa. Idangatye elibulale abantu abathandathu'”kubandakanywa abantwana abane kunye nabasetyhini ababini'”lizise ukukhanya kwiimeko zokusebenza ezixhaphazayo ngaphakathi kuthungelwano lwezityalo zamalaphu ezifihlakeleyo eBuenos Aires.
Abameli abasuka kwiManyano yabaSebenzi beSeamstress, indibano yabasebenzi abalukiweyo abangabhalwanga phantsi babike ubuncinci amatyala angama-8,000 okuphathwa gadalala kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwiivenkile zesixeko eziphantse zibe ngama-400 zokuthunga iimpahla kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo. Ngokumalunga ne-100,000 abafuduki abangabhalwanga phantsi basebenza kwezi zityalo zingakhuselekanga kunye nomvuzo ophakathi kwe-100 yeedola ngenyanga, ukuba bahlawulwa konke.
Ngokuka-Olga, umsebenzi welaphu owacela ukuba igama lakhe lokugqibela lishiywe ngenxa yemicimbi yokhuseleko, iimeko ezinjengobukhoboka kwiifektri zempahla zicwangcisiwe. 'œNgexesha lesiqhelo lomsebenzi evenkileni usebenza ukusukela ngentsimbi yesi-7 kusasa ukuya ezinzulwini zobusuku okanye ngo-1 kusasa. Amaxesha amaninzi ababahlawuli abafazi kwaye babatyala iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu intlawulo. Ngenxa yokungabi namaxwebhu ethu asemthethweni okanye ukungazi ukuba ngawaphi amalungelo ethu eArgentina kuye kwafuneka ukuba sithule. Awunalo ilungelo lokuqesha igumbi okanye ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni.'
Kwiimeko ezininzi abasebenzi baye batsalelwa kuthungelwano ngonomathotholo okanye ngamaphephandaba eBolivia bebathembisa ngemivuzo enesidima, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya nezinto zokuhamba eziya eBuenos Aires. Abasebenzi bathuthwa ngeelori kwaye kufuneka bawelele eArgentina ngokungekho mthethweni. Xa sele bengaphakathi kumzi-mveliso weempahla banyanzelwa ukuba basebenze iiyure ezili-16 ukuya kwezili-18 ngosuku kwaye bayalunyukiswa ukuba ukuba bayakhalaza baza kuphelelwa ngumsebenzi baze bagxothwe ezitratweni. Bangaphezu kwama-40 ekhulwini abasebenzi abahlala kwimizi-mveliso yaye kwiimeko ezininzi batshixelwe ngaphakathi. Amangqina athi iintsapho ezingama-25 bezihlala kumagumbi azizikwemitha ezine ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso otshayo.
I-Union de Trabajadores Costureros, i-UTC) yenziwe ngaphandle kwendibano yendawo yokuhlala kwindawo yabasebenzi baseParque Avalleneda. Ekuqaleni, indibano yayiliziko lezentlalo leentsapho ngeeCawa, ekuphela kwemini yabasebenzi beempahla ababenokuphuma evenkileni. Iintsapho zaqalisa ukuhlanganisana kwindawo yendibano, ekwikona yepaki. Emva kwexesha, abasebenzi belaphu baseBolivia ngaphandle kokumelwa kwemanyano baseka i-UTC kuba iimanyano zemveli zaseArgentina ziyala ukwamkela abantu abangabhalwanga phantsi.
U-Nestor Escudero, waseArgentina othatha inxaxheba kwi-UTC, uthi amapolisa, abahloli, kunye neenkundla zikwanoxanduva lweemeko ezibhaliweyo ezifana nekhoboka ngaphakathi kwiifektri zamalaphu. 'Lo mbutho uneenyanga ezine kuphela uzelwe wasekwa kwiingxwabangxwaba zabasebenzi kwiindibano zocweyo zamalaphu ebumelwaneni, apho kwiimeko ezininzi kuye kuthotywe ubukhoboka. Beza nabaphambukeli ngokungekho mthethweni ukuze babaxhaphaze ngenkohlakalo. Umsebénzi wezelaphu uhlawulwa iisenti ezingama-75 ngempahla ethi kamva ithengiswe ngeedola ezingama-50. Le ngeniso yanele ukuhlawula izinyobo nokugcina le nkqubo iqhubeka.'
Ukususela ngo-2003, amawaka eengxelo zeemeko ezinjengobukhoboka ziye zafumba ezinkundleni ngaphandle kwaso nasiphi na isigqibo. Kwiimeko ezininzi xa abasebenzi benikezela ngeengxelo emapoliseni zempatho engekho mgangathweni kuquka izoyikiso, impatho-gadalala, kunye nokusebenza ngenkani, amapolisa athi awanakukwazi ukwenza nto kuba amaxhoba akanalo i-DNI yawo, isazisi sesizwe. I-Escudero ye-UTC iqinisekisile ukuba abasebenzi abaninzi be-textile baye bafumana izisongelo zokufa ngokubika kumajelo eendaba kwiimeko ezifana nekhoboka ngaphakathi kwezityalo ze-textile.
Uthungelwano lwamalaphu afihlakeleyo lwavela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 eBuenos Aires, kulandela ukungena kwempahla ephuma ngaphandle engabizi kakhulu yaseAsia. Uninzi lwabanini bemizi-mveliso yamalaphu ngabantu baseArgentina, baseKorea, okanye baseBolivia. Abasebenzi benza iimpahla zodidi oluphezulu njengeLacar kunye neMontage. Imizi-mveliso yelaphu yaseClandestine ikhule yaba lishishini lonyaka le-$700 yezigidi.
Kubaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni eArgentina, ukusinda ngumjikelo ombi. Abasebenzi abangabhalwanga ngabona basesichengeni ngakumbi kwizigrogriso zokuphelelwa yimisebenzi. Abasebenzi abanakukwazi ukurenta igumbi kwaye abaphathi abaninzi behotele abafuni ukurenta amagumbi kubantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi xa benabantwana. Abaninzi abafudukayo baye baphathwa ngenxa yeemeko zempilo ezinzulu ezinxulumene neemeko zokusebenza zangaphantsi komntu kubandakanya isifo sephepha kunye neengxaki zemiphunga ukusuka kubukho obusisigxina bothuli kunye neentsinga kunye neengxaki zomqolo. Ukufumana umsebenzi osemthethweni phantse akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwekhadi lesazisi lesizwe. Namhlanje e-Argentina, i-45% yabantu bebonke basebenza ngaphandle kweencwadi (ngaphandle kwekhontrakthi esemthethweni).
I-UTC iye yabeka izityholo ngokusesikweni ngokuchasene ne-Consulate yaseBolivia e-Buenos Aires, u-Alvaro Gonzalez Quint, ngokuhlawulisa abaphambukeli ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeedola (elingana nomndilili womvuzo wenyanga ohlawulwa kubasebenzi beempahla) ukugcwalisa amaphepha ayimfuneko kumaxwebhu abo. UGonzalez Quint uye waqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo engqongqo eyenziwa ngurhulumente wesixeko saseBuenos Aires kwizityalo zendwangu. I-Argentine League yamaLungelo oLuntu iye yahlawulisa uGonzalez Quint kwiNkundla ye-Federal ngokudibanisa kwinethiwekhi yokuthutyeleziswa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kwizityalo ze-textile ezifihlakeleyo.
Umongameli waseBolivia u-Evo Morales wathumela abathunywa ukuba baphande iimeko zabafuduki eArgentina emva kwesiganeko somlilo ngo-Matshi 30. Ikhomishini yaseBolivia yacela urhulumente waseBuenos Aires ukuba abavumele ngokusemthethweni abasebenzi abangamaxwebhu asemthethweni. Phambi komlilo womzi-mveliso olusizi, i-UTC nayo yatyhala ukuba urhulumente avume ngokusemthethweni abaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni. Urhulumente udize ukuba ii-ofisi ezintsha zizakuvulelwa ukuba zibe semthethweni abasebenzi abathungayo ngaphandle kwentlawulo.
Ukusukela oko kuvalwe, iifektri ezininzi ziye zafudukela kwidolophu yaseBuenos Aires njengendlela yokuphepha uhlolo olusanda kwenziwa. Abasebenzi beempahla ezilukiweyo baququzelela uthotho lwemingcelele befuna ukuba abaphathi kunye nabanini balo mzi-mveliso utshise umlilo bagwetywe. Bakwanyanzelisa ukuba kube semthethweni ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwabaphambukeli, izindlu zabaphambukeli abahlwempuzekileyo, kunye nokupheliswa kobukhoboka.
UMarie Trigona unikela rhoqo kwiNkqubo ye-IRC Americas, kwi-intanethi ku-www.americaspolicy.com. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe]. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga ne-UTC tyelela www.agoratv.org.