IArgentina ivule amatyala amaninzi aphakamileyo olwaphulo-mthetho ahlawulisa owayesakuba ngamagosa omkhosi ngokuxhaphaza amalungelo oluntu ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi ngo-1976-1983. Okokuqala kwimbali yesizwe, inkundla yase-Argentina igwebe igosa lomkhosi ubomi babo bonke ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu ekuqaleni kwale nyanga. Njengoko ilizwe laseMzantsi Melika liphinda livavanya imbali yalo emnyama, amathambo amatsha kwikhabhathi aphinde avela.
Kungoku nje amapolisa akhangela ingqina elinamashumi asixhenxe anesixhenxe (77) elilahlekileyo nelinobungqina obubambekayo bokungcungcuthekisa abancede ukuba bagwetywe owayesakuba lipolisa kwimfazwe yokuqala? ityala ukususela ekubeni umthetho woxolelo uye wachithwa. UJulio Lopez, ingqina eliphambili kwityala letyala elibalulekileyo lamalungelo oluntu, walahleka ngobusuku bangaphambi komhla we-19 kaSeptemba wokugwetywa kowayesakuba ngumphandi wamapolisa. Amaqela amalungelo oluntu akhomba kumapolisa ephondo kunye namaqhina kulawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi we-1976-1983 ngokuxhwila uLopez.
Inkundla yamatyala yaseArgentina yamgwebela ubomi entolongweni owayesakuba ngumphathi wamapolisa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu nokubulala nokungcungcuthekisa abo bachasene nezobupolitika ebudeni bolawulo lobuzwilakhe ngowe-1976-1983. Umphathi wamapolisa osele esidla umhlala-phantsi uMiguel Etchecolatz, ngoku oneminyaka engama-77 ubudala, waqhuba amaziko okuvalelwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwiphondo laseBuenos Aires ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. Uligosa lomkhosi lokuqala ukugwetyelwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu kwaye ugwetywe ubomi.
Kwigumbi lenkundla u-Etchecolatz wancamisa umnqamlezo emva kokuba isigwebo sifundiwe. Ababukeli abaliqela bamgibisela ngepeyinti ebomvu baza bacula ngesigebenga xa wayekhutshelwa ngaphandle kwenkundla. Abasebenzi bamalungelo oluntu kunye nezihlobo zenyamalala babhiyozela isigwebo ngelixa besangana ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lenkundla eLa Plata, iikhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka eBuenos Aires.
Esi sigwebo sesibini kulowo wayesakuba ligosa lomkhosi etyholwa ngokuxhaphaza amalungelo abantu, emva kokuba iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseArgentina iye yasigatya njengesithintelo esingekho mthethweni somgaqo-siseko kwabo babesakuba ngamagosa awayesebenza ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. Wabanjwa waza wagwetywa iminyaka engama-23 ngo-1986, kodwa kamva wakhululwa phantsi kwesigxina kunye nemithetho yokuthobela eyaphunyezwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90 yavala nakuphi na ukutshutshiswa okuyimpumelelo kweenkokeli zangaphambili zomkhosi ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lwamalungelo oluntu ziinkundla.
Ngobungqina bakhe, uLopez wathi u-Etchecolatz wamthuthumbisa ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwakhe kwi-1976-1979. Uthe u-Etchecolatz uza kukhaba amabanjwa de angabikho zingqondweni kwaye ajonge iiseshini zentuthumbo. Angaphezu kwe-100 amangqina anikela ubungqina ebudeni betyala, kuquka nowayesakuba ngumongameli uRaul Alfonsin, owasithethelela isigqibo sakhe sokuxolela umkhosi owawubanjelwe ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ngexesha le-90's i-Etchecolatz yaxhamla kwisohlwayo esixhaswa ngurhulumente. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, u-Etchecolatz wayehlala kwiphondo laseBuenos Aires kwaye kutyholwa ukuba unobudlelwane namaqela e-neo-nazi kumkhosi wamapolisa wephondo.
Kwinkomfa yabezindaba, u-Adriana Calvo owathinjwa kwaye wanyanzeliswa ukuba abeleke kwindawo yokuvalelwa eqhutywe ngu-Etchecolatz, wathi ukunyamalala kukaJulio Lopez ngumzamo wokoyikisa abasindileyo ukuba baqhube iimvavanyo ezizayo malunga nabathuthumbisi. ?Sinxulumanisa ukulahleka kukaJulio Lopez? egwetywe enetyala lika-Etchecolatz ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu. Sicinga ukuba abaxhaphazi baka-Etchecolatz basaqhubeka baxhwila u-Lopez ngenjongo yokuziphindezela.
UCalvo wongeze ngelithi ukuduka kuka-Lopez kubusuku obungaphambi komhla we-19 kuSeptemba efunyanwe efunyanwe enetyala bekunokuyekisa okanye kulibazise izityholo abekwa zona u-Etchecolatz. Ngomhla wokulahleka kuka-Lopez, abatshutshisi bomthetho kwafuneka baveze izityholo ezichasene no-Etchecolatz. Njengobungqina obukhulu, u-Lopez wayefuna ukuba khona kwizityholo. Uphinde wabala nayiphi na into enokwenzeka yokuba uLopez wayenengxaki yobuqu ngokuphinda aphile ubungqina bakhe bokusinda kwiziko lokuvalelwa. ?Nangona, esandula ukuba neminyaka engama-77 ubudala, u-Lopez emtsha ngokugqibeleleyo ubukho bakhe enkundleni. Wayenebhongo ngento yokuba ephinde wayivuselela imisebenzi yakhe yobutshantliziyo.?
Uninzi lwamangqina afumene izoyikiso ezingaziwa, kubandakanya nezo zangqina kwityala lase-Etchecolatz. Ebudeni betyala, amapolisa awayebekwe apho ukuze agade amangqina kwafuneka ashenxiswe ngenxa yokuba ayecinezela amangqina ngaphakathi enkundleni.
Ngokuka-Enrique Fukman, owayesakuba eluvalelweni kwi-ESMA Military Mechanics School elona ziko likhulu lokuvalelwa ngokufihlakeleyo e-Buenos Aires, amapolisa anobudlelwane bobuzwilakhe bomkhosi afuna ukuphumeza uloyiko lokumisa amatyala ngokuchasene namagosa omkhosi awayesebenza ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. ?Iminxeba isetyenziselwa ukwenza uloyiko. Kodwa abakwazanga ukuwoyikisa amangqina, amangqina anike ubungqina obukhokelela kwisigwebo esiyimbali, apho inkundla yabhengeza ukuba ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwasemkhosini lwenze icebo lokutshabalalisa abantu abangavumelaniyo.
KuMargarita Cruz, owasinda kwintuthumbo kwiphondo laseTucuman, ukunyamalala kukaJulio Lopez kusisiphumo seminyaka engama-30 yokungabikho kobulungisa. ?Ukoyikisa amaxhoba ukuze la matyala ahlale engavulwa kwenzeke kwilizwe lonke. Kwabasindileyo ukunyamalala kuka-Lopez kubuyisela iinkumbulo zokuxhwilwa kwethu kunye nezinto esasiphila phantsi kwazo ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. Ukunyamalala kuka-Lopez yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokubonakalisa ubuzwilakhe nokungohlwaywa kulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini.
Amapolisa aseBuenos Aires, adume kakubi ngenxa yenkohlakalo yawo, ajongene nokuhlanjululwa kwamva nje ukususela ngo-1998. Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi amapolisa angasebenziyo asasebenza ngokusesikweni kwaye anobudlelwane namaqela aphiko lasekunene. EBuenos Aires kuphela, iqela lamalungelo oluntu i-COREPPI libhalise amatyala ali-1,900 e-gatillo facÃl, abantwana abancinci badutyulwe phantsi ngamapolisa.
Nkqu norhulumente uxhalabile malunga nokuba uphi na uLopez. Amapolisa ephondo encediswa zizinja zamapolisa azingela uLopez. Intengiso kamabonakude exhaswa ngurhulumente isasazwa ngobusuku, inikezela ngama-64,000 eedola kwibhaso lemali yokukhokela kwindawo ekuyo uLopez. UCalvo ophuma kuMbutho wabaBavalelweyo uthe imali ayinakuyisombulula ingxaki kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba amapolisa amfumane uLopez. Irhuluneli yaseBuenos Aires uFelipe Sola uvumile ukuba amapolisa ephondo anokudityaniswa nokuduka kuka-Lopez. Suku ngalunye oludlulayo, iba mabi ngakumbi amathuba okuba umntu afumane indawo akuyo.
Ngexesha lentlanganiso phakathi kwamaqela amalungelo oluntu kunye namagosa karhulumente waseBuenos Aires, abaphembeleli babuza uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko waseBuenos Aires uLeón Carlos Arslanian ukuba ngaba amapolisa asebenza ngexesha lobuzwilakhe ayesasebenza. Waphendula wathi, ?ewe malunga namagosa angama-70 kodwa ayeneminyaka engama-20 kuphela ubudala ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini.
UCalvo owayekho entlanganisweni wathi: ?Aniyazi ukuba la magosa aselula awayeneminyaka engama-20 kuphela ubudala asithuthumbisa njani.? USola uye wathatha umhlala-phantsi amapolisa angama-60 ephondo ebesebenza kumaziko okuvalelwa ngokufihlakeleyo ngoMvulo we-26 Septemba. Iyothusa into yokuba amagosa asebenza kumaziko okuvalelwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye ebenxibelelana ngqo namaxhoba entuthumbo ebesebenza njengamagosa asebenzayo kude kube kule veki iphelileyo.
UFukman uthi amapolisa namhlanje anomdla ocacileyo wokukhusela imithetho yoxolelo ekhusela umkhosi kunye namapolisa anyamalalayo angcungcuthekisa abantu abangama-30,000. ?Urhulumente usebenzisa imikhosi yokhuseleko ukucinezela, kulapho uxanduva lombuso ngokunyamalala kukaLopez luqala khona. Kaloku urhulumente uthi ufuna amapolisa acinezele kwaye kucace gca ukuba la maqela aza kucinezela akhusele ukungohlwaywa kwawo.?
Amaqela amalungelo oluntu aququzelela uluhlu lweendibano zokufuna ukuba uLopez aphinde avele ephila kwaye ekhuselekile. Ukunyamalala kuka-Lopez kunye nezoyikiso ezijoliswe kwabo babefudula bevalelwe kusisikhumbuzo esibi sokulandela ulawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. Abalwela amalungelo oluntu bathi abanako ukuyithemba imikhosi yamapolisa yanamhlanje, eqhubeka nomfuziselo oshiywe ngasemva ngumkhosi womkhosi. ?Siqinisekile ukuba amapolisa akayi kumfumana uLopez,? watsho uCalvo. ?Ekuphela kwabantu abanokunceda ukufumana uLopez ngamaqabane akhe kunye nabantu.?
UMarie Trigona yintatheli ezimeleyo. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe]