Ngokubhekiselele kum, asinakukwazi ukubeka phambili izikhumbuzo ezaneleyo malunga nendlela urhulumente wase-US, kunye neenkampani eziphetheyo, enza ngayo ishishini. Iingcamango malunga noxolo, inkululeko, ubulungisa, njl njl. ecaleni, umhlaba wenkululeko awunamdla ukude ekusasazeni idemokhrasi. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi obuxhasa le nkcazo. Okwangoku, ndinikezela ngomzekelo we-post-World War II Italy. U-Mussolini wayehambile kodwa i-elite yase-US yayingenanjongo yokuvumela i-Italiyane iphumele kwiintanda.
Xa abantu base-Italiya ababedinwe yimfazwe babesiya kuvoto ngo-1946, iQela lamaKomanisi lase-Itali kunye ne-Socialist Party zadibana zafumana iivoti ezininzi kunye nezihlalo ezingakumbi kunyulo lweNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko kunee-US-Christian Democrats. Oku akuzange kumangalise, xa uqwalasela ukuba umbutho osekelwe kubasebenzi kunye nabalimi balwa amacandelo amathandathu aseJamani ngexesha lenkululeko yaseMantla e-Italiya...ngoncedo oluxabisekileyo lombutho wamaKomanisi. Njengoko unyulo luka-1948 lwalusondela elundini, nangona kunjalo, i-US yabona ukuba iimbono ezithile zokwenyani kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokunzulu. โKungelo xesha apho i-US yaqala ukuqeqesha imipu yayo emikhulu yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko kubantu base-Italiya,โ uchaza uWilliam Blum kwiKilling Hope. "Lonke ulwazi olulungileyo lukaYankee, yonke iMadison Avenue enolwazi kubugcisa bokutshintsha izimvo zoluntu, yonke i-razzmatazz yaseHollywood iya kuziswa 'kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo'."
Ijongela phantsi iimfaneleko zokuchasa ubufazi zamakomanisi kunye nerekhodi elinokuba lihlazo lentsebenziswano noMussolini ebonakaliswe yiChristian Democrats, i-US ngobuchule yaqulunqa idabi elijikelezayo, into uBlum ayibiza ngokuba โngumbuzo 'wedemokhrasi' ngokuchasene nobukomanisi' ( ingcamango โyobungxowankuluโ ihlale ngokulumkileyo kwicala elinye),โ yaye owona mbandela wawunamandla wonyulo yayiluncedo lwaseUnited States.
Amajelo eendaba anempembelelo aseMerika athobela ngokuthobela iphephandaba leNew York Times kaJanuwari 21, 1947 lisithi, โAbanye abakhi-mkhanya apha bavakalelwa kukuba olunye ujikelo lwasekhohlo eItali luya kulubazisa uncedo.โ NgoMatshi 22, 1948, iphephancwadi i<em>Time lalichaza uloyiso olwalunokubakho lokunxaxha eItali njengento โeya kufikelela kwintlekele.โ Njengoko unyulo lwalusondela, iCIA yakhupha zonke iindawo zokumisa. UBlum ubhale amanye amanyathelo athathiweyo kolu โhlanganiso lumangalisayo lwezixhobo.โ Imizekelo embalwa yabameli kufuneka inike umbono wobubanzi kunye nobunzulu bepropaganda:
Iphulo lokubhala iileta elisuka kumaTaliyane-aseMelika lisiya kubahlobo neentsapho zabo e-Itali lalikhokelwa โziisampula zeeletaโ ezinikelwe yi-US, eziquka izicatshulwa ezifana nezi: โUloyiso lobukomanisi luya kuyonakalisa i-Itali. I-United States ingalurhoxisa uncedo kwaye kuya kuba nemfazwe yehlabathi. โ
Usasazo lwamaza amafutshane oluya eItali lwalumkisa ngelithi โphantsi kolawulo lobuzwilakhe lwamakomanisi eItali,โ uninzi โlwemizi-mveliso yelizwe luya kudilizwa luthunyelwe eRashiya yaye izigidi zabasebenzi baseItali ziya kugxothelwa eRashiya ukuze zisebenze ngenkani.โ
Iinkwenkwezi zaseHollywood, ezinjengoGary Cooper kunye noFrank Sinatra, babizelwa ukuba benze usasazo lukanomathotholo lweVoice of America kunye/okanye bazibandakanye ekuqokeleleni imali ngezizathu ezifana โneenkedama zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya base-Italiya abafela emfazweni.โ
Ngokumalunga noncedo oluthe ngqo, i-CIA yavuma ukuba inike i-1 yezigidi zeedola kumaTaliyane "amaqela aphakathi," nangona uBlum esithi inani linokuba phezulu njenge-$ 10 yezigidi. Ukuba zonke izinto ezihlekisayo ziye zasilela, i-CIA ithathe inyathelo lokuququzelela i-Operation Gladio, iqela lamajoni ayimfihlo e-Italiya, "elinezinto ezifihliweyo zezixhobo kunye neziqhushumbisi ezithe gqolo kwimephu," utshilo umbhali uMark Zepezauer. Ngelixa isizathu sokungenelela okulolo hlobo โyayisisongelo sohlaselo lwaseSoviet,โ uZepezauer utyhila eyona njongo ye-Operation Gladio, umz. "i-15,000 lamajoni akhe aqeqeshelwe ukubhukuqa urhulumente wase-Italiya ukuba uthe waphambuka kwindlela ethe ngqo nemxinwa."
Akuyomfuneko ukuba bazikhathaze kuba, emva kokuba isekisi iphumile edolophini, iChristian Democrats yema njengabaphumeleleyo ngokucace gca ngeevoti ezingama-48 ekhulwini.
Izifundo zexesha elizayo zase-Itali zazichathiwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ndiyeke ukuba ubukhe wayiva lento...
Mickey Z. ingaba kwi Web kwi http://www.mickeyz.net.
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