Ukutshintshiselana ‘noncedo’ ukuze ibe ‘ligunya lehlabathi’, iIndiya iyacelwa ukuba yenze konke okusemandleni ayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkulungwane yama-21 iba yinkulungwane yeMelika eAsia. Ukuphucula ukusebenzisana komkhosi kunye namalungelo okufikelela ngamanyathelo okuqala kule nkqubo.
ILIBALA Isixhobo senyukliya esisebhodini okanye kwanezixhobo zenyukliya ubukho bakhe iWashington bungaqinisekisi okanye bukhanyele. Esona sizathu sokwenyani amaIndiya aziva engakhululekanga ngokumema urhulumente USS Nimitz ukulahla i-ankile e-Chennai kukuchasa kwabo ubudlelwane obunzulu kunye ne-United States olumele olu tyelelo.
Le nkcaso iqhutywa ngokupheleleyo kuluvo lokuba i-US iyinto yokungazinzi e-Asiya, ukuba ukuhlasela kwayo i-Iraq kunye ne-saber-rattling ngokuchasene ne-Iran yonakalisa imeko yokhuseleko kwintshona yethu, kwaye iinzame zayo ezifihlakeleyo zokurhangqa i-China ziya kuthi. ukwenza umonakalo ngakumbi kwithemba lokhuseleko lwentsebenziswano e-Asiya kunokulungileyo. I-ankile ye-TV yarhona ngenye imini ukuba abantu babechasa utyelelo lwenqanawa. kuphela ngokuba yayiyiMelika. Ewe, le yeyona ngongoma. Sagqibela nini ukuva ngeenqanawa zaseRashiya okanye zaseFransi ezidubula ubumelwane bethu? Ukuba uMkhosi waManzi wase-US ufuna inkululeko yokuhamba ngesikhephe isiqingatha sehlabathi ukuze ujike i-Iraq ibe sisihogo esiphilayo kubantu bayo okanye yoyikise i-Iran, kutheni le nto nabani na enokuthi anxunguphalise amaIndiya ngenkululeko athi angathanda ukubamba iinqanawa ezinjalo?
Nangona iNkulumbuso uManmohan Singh exelele iintatheli ukuba uNimitz akanazo izixhobo zenyukliya, ukapteni wenqanawa ebengekafiki. Ngoku i-Nimitz, ngokusemandleni, iphethe iipons eziqhelekileyo kuphela kodwa abanye abahlalutyi baye baphikisa ukuba nokuba i-Nimitz yayixhobile ngenyukliya, kuya kuba bubuhanahanisi ukuba amaNdiya achase kuba i-India ngokwayo inezixhobo zenyukliya. Le ngxoxo ayinalwazi kwaye ayinyanisekanga.
Ibhombu yenyukliya yaseIndiya bububi obuyimfuneko obunyanzeliswa elizweni ngokusilela kwamazwe amahlanu ezixhobo zenyukliya ezinkulu ukukhupha izixhobo. AmaIndiya amaninzi ayenokuthandabuza malunga nesizathu sovavanyo lwango-1998 kodwa ibhombu ayinakunqweneleka ngoku kuba iphandle. Nangona kunjalo, imfundiso yenyukliya yaseIndiya ayicingi kukusetyenziswa okokuqala kwezixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye inkcubeko yezopolitiko yelizwe ayisayi kuzivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe njengesixhobo sobugqwetha ngokuchasene nezixhobo ezingezizo ezenyukliya. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-arsenal yaseMelika yenyukliya isekelwe kumgaqo wogwayimbo lokuqala. I-US ihambe ngaphaya kokuqonda kweReagan-Gorbachev ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya ayinakulwa okanye iphumelele. Izixhobo zenyukliya ezivelisa isivuno esiphantsi zenzelwe ukwenza ukuba "zisebenziseke" ngakumbi kwaye ukhuselo lomjukujelwa lujolise ekunikeni i-US inkululeko yokutshabalalisa umchasi wenyukliya ngaphandle kokubethwa.
Xa kujongwe olu phuhliso, olucinezela ukhuseleko lwaseIndiya kumgangatho wehlabathi kunye nommandla, umntu akanakungakhathali kubukho obunokwenzeka bezixhobo zenyukliya kwi-Nimitz. I-Indiya kufuneka ifune isiqinisekiso esicacileyo kulo naliphi na ilizwe elifuna ukuthumela inqanawa kumanzi aseIndiya ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya azikho. Imidla yaseIndiya ayenziwa ngokuphakamisa ubume obukhubekisayo benyukliya kunye nemfundiso yase-U.S. okanye nasiphi na esinye isizwe sezixhobo zenyukliya, okanye ngokuququzelela ukuthunyelwa lula phambili kwezo zixhobo. Ngokunjalo, ukuba i-Indiya ibinokwenza ubudenge bokuthumela izixhobo zenyukliya kulwandle oluphezulu, naliphi na ilizwe apho inqanawa yomkhosi wasemanzini yaseIndiya inokuba nelungelo lokufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba akukho zixhobo zenyukliya zikhwele.
Ukusuka kwiKicklighter ukuya eNimitz
Kubalulekile nangona kunjalo, umbuzo wezixhobo zenyukliya yintlanzi ebomvu. Ngenjongo yokwenyani emva “kotyelelo oluphawuliweyo” lomhambisi wenqwelomoya kukuhlazisa uluntu lwaseIndiya kwizicwangciso zeminyaka elishumi zePentagon zofikelelo lwezixhobo kunye “nokusebenzisana” nomkhosi waseIndiya, ngaloo ndlela kugudiswa ukuthatha inxaxheba kweIndiya ekugqibeleni “kulwakhiwo lwentsebenziswano olukhokelwa yi-US. uphaphile” kummandla obanzi waseAsia.
Ngandlela ithile, imbali yokutyelela kukaNimitz ibuyela kwi-1991, xa uLt. Gen. Claude C. Kicklighter, owayengumlawuli we-US Army Pacific, wanikezela ngeeseti zeziphakamiso zentsebenziswano yomkhosi-kumkhosi kunye neIndiya. Oku kwakubandakanya ukutyelelwa kwabasebenzi ngokufanayo kunye nokufunda kunye noqeqesho lwabaphathi njengeebhloko zokwakha zofikelelo olubanzi lwaseMelika kwizibonelelo zaseIndiya. I-1995 'UMzuzisa oVunyiweyo kuBudlelwane boKhuselo' wongeze uqheliselo oludibeneyo kwaye ibambe ithemba logqithiso lwetekhnoloji enkulu kodwa icala laseIndiya lafumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-US yayinomdla kuphela ekuzinziseni ubudlelwane benkonzo-kwinkonzo. Uvavanyo lwenyukliya lwango-1998 lwaphazamisa umfutho wokuhlanganisana kodwa ngo-1999 unxibelelwano lwezokhuselo lwalusebenza kwaye lusebenza kwakhona.
Emva kokuba iIndiya ibonelele ngezixhobo zomkhosi e-US kwimisebenzi ekhubekisayo e-Afghanistan, ubudlelwane bathatha inguqu entsha. I-Pentagon ikhetha iPakistan njengesithuba sokumisa kodwa yasebenzisa i-India inikezela ukutyhala isivumelwano senkxaso ye-logistics, njengoko yavunywa ngu-Admiral Dennis C. Blair ngoFebruwari 2002. Isantya sokuzivocavoca kwe-naval kunye nomoya wadubula phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, icala lase-US laqonda ukuba itshatha entsha iyafuneka ukuze kufumaneke izibonelelo ezipheleleyo ezinikezelwa yi-Indiya. Ngokukodwa, abacwangcisi bePentagon babesazi ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo ophumle ngakumbi wokudluliselwa kweengalo wawufuneka, hayi nje njengento emnandi yecala laseIndiya kodwa njengento ebalulekileyo kusukelo lokusebenzisana. KwangoDisemba ka-2001, amagosa aphezulu omkhosi wase-US nawo apapasha imbono yohlengahlengiso kumthetho wenyukliya wasekhaya waseMelika njengenkuthazo kumaIndiya ukuba basebenzisane.
Kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kwesivumelwano senyukliya sikaJulayi ka-2005, i-Indiya kunye ne-US batyikitye 'iNkqubo-sikhokelo eNtsha yoBudlelwane boKhuselo,' eyayicingela isicwangciso sokusebenza esisusela kuqheliselo oludibeneyo, intsebenziswano kwimisebenzi yezizwe ngezizwe, "ukwandisa intsebenziswano nezinye iintlanga" ( oko kukuthi amahlakani ase-US afana neJapan kunye ne-Australia), ukuphucula amandla okulwa nokunyuka kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa, intsebenziswano yokukhusela i-missile, njalo njalo. Kwiminyaka emibini ukuya phambili, izinto ezininzi zesi sicwangciso sokusebenza sele ziqalisile ukwenzeka.
Nangona i-Indiya isahleli ichasa i-Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), imithambo emibini yokugqibela yase-'Malabar' yomkhosi wasemanzini ibone uqheliselo olunxulumene ne-PSI olufana nokuthintela ulwandle kunye ne-VBSS (ndwendwela-ibhodi-ukukhangela-ukuhlutha) imisebenzi. Iintlanganiso zokhuseleko ezimacala amane sele ziqalile. Intengiso yakutshanje ye USS Trenton (wabhatalwa ngokutsha i INS Jalashwa) - ngoku inqanawa yesibini ngobukhulu kwi-inventory yaseIndiya - iya kuvumela uMkhosi waManzi waseIndiya ukuba athumele i-dock yeqonga lokumisa uhlobo lwemisebenzi yezizwe ngezizwe isakhelo esitsha sokhuselo sicinga. Iinqwelomoya zothutho ze-Hercules nazo zithengiwe e-US Kwi-anvil ngoku yikontrakthi ye-126 yeenqwelo-moya zokulwa ezininzi (i-MRCA) apho iWashington iphakamisa iphulo elinobundlongo.
Ethetha kwiveki ephelileyo kuphehlelelo lwencwadi yakhe, Amandla amatsha aseAsia aDynamic, unozakuzaku waseIndiya owaziwayo nomququzeleli weBhodi yeeNgcebiso yeBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko, uM.K. Rasgotra, waqinisekisa ukuba ‘iNkulungwane yeAsia’; - yindlela ihlabathi lonke elithetha ngayo ngeNkulungwane ye-21 kunye ne-China ekhuphukayo kunye ne-India ekhulayo- "inokwenzeka ukuba ibe 'yiNkulungwane yaseMelika e-Asia'." Inkulumbuso uManmohan Singh umamele ngokungakhathaliyo kolu qikelelo lumangalisayo. Imicimbi yamazwe ngamazwe, wathi kamva, yayingengomdlalo wokuziphatha. Unyanisile. Kodwa le ngcamango 'yenkulungwane yaseMelika e-Asiya' ayingomrhanelwa nje wokuziphatha, ikwayimbonakaliso yokungakwazi kwamaIndiya ukucinga ngobuchule malunga nendaleko yexa elizayo yase-Asiya kunye nokuba nombono wezakhiwo apho ummandla uyakwazi ukujongana nemeko yawo. iingxaki zoqoqosho nezopolitiko ngaphandle kongenelelo oludodobalisayo okanye 'ubunkokeli' bamandla angaphandle.
IWashington iyabazi obu buthathaka baseIndiya. Yiyo loo nto i-bargain eyicebisayo yile: i-US iya 'kunceda' i-Indiya ibe ligunya lehlabathi eliphambili ekutshintshiseni i-India yenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba 'inkulungwane yaseMelika e-Asiya' iba yinyani. Isivumelwano senyukliya sikaJulayi ka-2005 siphenjelelwe ngokuyinxenye yile njongo kwaye ingqiqo efanayo iqhubela phambili ibhobhomi engakholelekiyo kumkhosi womkhosi.
I-Indiya iyayazi ukuba le yintengiselwano kodwa icinga ukuba inokuhamba ngesiqingatha semilinganiselo. Ukusekwa kwayo kuyaqonda ukuba uninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US kulo mmandla - njengase-Iran - iyasingela phantsi imidla yaseIndiya. Umzekelo, uvavanyo loluntu lwezobuntlola kukuba idiplomacy yaseWashington (eyinxalenye yeNimitz) inokuqulatha ingxaki yaseIran kangangexesha elithile kodwa inyusa amathuba okungqubana nomkhosi, kunye neziphumo ezibi kwiIndiya ukusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla. , izisongelo kumaIndiya ahlala kwiGulf, nethemba lokwanda kwabanqolobi. Kwaye okwangoku, ukuziqhubela phambili, ukunxibelelanisa ubume bokuzibandakanya ne-US kunengqiqo yayo, ngakumbi xa isiza kubudlelwane obuvelayo phakathi kwemikhosi emibini.
Ngaphandle kwe-equation '123 ukuya kwi-126' edibanisa ikhontrakthi ye-MRCA kwikamva lesivumelwano senyukliya, iWashington ibeka uxinzelelo ubuncinane kwezinye iindawo ezimbini ezinxulumene nokhuselo. Inqwenela ukuba i-Indiya isayine iSivumelwano sokuFikelela kunye neSivumelwano soMnqamlezo weNkonzo (ACSA) esiya kuvumela umkhosi waseMelika ukuba ufikelele rhoqo kwiindawo zaseIndiya. Isiteyitimenti sika-Matshi ka-2006 uBush-Manmohan sathi isivumelwano-esibizwa ngokuba siSivumelwano seNkxaso yezoLungiselelo ngokuthobela uvakalelo lwaseIndiya - siza kulunga kungekudala kodwa icala laseIndiya liyazibetha ngoyaba iimfuno ezenziwa yi-US ezinjengokuguqula iGoa kunye neKochi zibe "zizibuko ezisisigxina biza” uMkhosi Waselwandle waseU.S. othunyelwe kwiPersian Gulf. I-US ifuna ukuba i-Indiya izise iSindhugosh ('iklasi yeKilo') i-submarines eyakhiwe eRashiya kwi-exercises edibeneyo ukuze ifunde ngakumbi malunga nokutyikitya kwabo ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Abacwangcisi bePentagon bajonga oku kubalulekile kuba i-Iran ineenkwili zeklasi ye-Kilo kwaye naluphi na uhlaselo lwaselwandle lwase-Iran luya kuba sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa kwe-torpedo. Ngesibongozo saseRussia, uMkhosi waManzi waseIndiya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku walile ukunyanzela.
Xa kuziwa ekukhuliseni umlingani, nangona kunjalo, i-US inamandla okubaleka umgama omde. Kwathatha iminyaka eyi-16 emva kotyelelo lukaGeneral Kicklighter eIndiya ukuba i-USS Nimitz yehlise i-ankile emanzini aseIndiya. I-US iyazi ukuba okukhona ilubeka eIndiya, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukuba iIndiya yale iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo. Ngokwasemkhosini, ineenjongo ezimbini. Okokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imikhosi exhobileyo yaseIndiya ayinakuze ibe ngumqobo kwiminqweno ye-hegemonic yaseMelika ngokwayo okanye ngokudibana namanye amagunya aseAsia. Kwaye okwesibini, ukunikezela ngemisebenzi ephantsi ye-hegemony, efana nokujikeleza, ukukhululeka koluntu, ukugcinwa koxolo, kunye nozinzo. I-US iyaqonda ukuba i-Indiya ayisoze ivume ukuthumela imikhosi kwimeko yokuphuma njenge-Iraq. Kodwa iminyaka emithathu phantsi kwendlela, umzekelo, ingathanda ukukwazi ukufumana amaNdiya, athi, athumele i-INS Jalashwa eSomalia kumsebenzi wozinziso lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye neqabane layo lomkhosi, i-Ethiopi a. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Indiya ayikho pushover. Kodwa iWashington iyazi ukuba okukhona imikhosi emibini ibanjwa, indleko iya kuba kuDelhi ukwala uncedo xa "iqabane lakhe elinobuchule" lisithi liyayidinga.
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