KWEZI veki zimbalwa zizayo, uRhulumente waseManmohan Singh uza kujongana novavanyo lwesibini olukhulu kwizixhobo zenyukliya zaseIran. I-United States kunye namahlakani ayo aseYurophu babonakala bezimisele ukubhekisa iTehran kwiBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuze lilandele inkqubo yamandla enyukliya echasene ne-diktats yaseWashington. Ukuxhokonxa i-hysteria yasentshona yamva nje sisigqibo se-Iran sokwenza imifuniselo yophando malunga nokuguqulwa kwe-uranium kunye neminye imiba yomjikelo wamafutha enyukliya. Olu vavanyo lwenzeka kumaziko akhuselwe ngokupheleleyo yi-Arhente yaMandla eAthom yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IAEA). Ngaphezu koko, le misebenzi ayithintelwa nangayiphi na indlela phantsi kweSivumelwano seNuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) okanye isiVumelwano soKhuseleko sase-Iran kunye ne-IAEA, epapashwe yi-Arhente njenge. Infcirc 214.
Inqaku lesi-4 le-Infcirc 214 lithi: “Izikhuselo ezibonelelwe kwesi siVumelwano ziya kuphunyezwa ngendlela eyilwe: (a) Ukuthintela uphuhliso loqoqosho nobuchwepheshe lwe-Iran okanye intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwinkalo yezenzo zoxolo zenyukliya, kuquka. ukutshintshiselana ngamazwe ngamazwe ngezinto zenyukliya; (b) Ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okungafanelekanga kwimisebenzi yoxolo yenyukliya yase-Iran, ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo; …”
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Infcirc 214 —umnqophiso osisiseko osemthethweni olawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Iran ne-IAEA — uyikhupha ngokucacileyo i-Arhente ukuba yenze nantoni na enokuthintela uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe lwe-Iran kummandla wezenzo zoxolo zenyukliya. Ukuqhuba uphando kunye nemifuniselo kumjikelo wamafutha enyukliya kuwela ngokucacileyo phantsi kolu didi. Nangona kunjalo, i-US kunye ne-Bhritane, iFransi, kunye neJamani (ebizwa ngokuba yi-European-3 okanye i-E-3) ngoku ifuna iBhodi ye-IAEA yeeRhuluneli ukuba ihlangane ngexesha likaxakeka ngenjongo yokuthumela i-Iran kwi-UNSC ulwaphulo-mthetho lokungahambelani nezibophelelo zalo zokhuseleko.
Phantsi kweSivumelwano soKhuseleko, i-Iran ibophelelekile ukuba yamkele izikhuselo “kuwo wonke umthombo okanye imathiriyeli ekhethekileyo enokuqhekeka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yenyukliya enoxolo… ngenjongo eyodwa yokuqinisekisa ukuba loo mathiriyeli ayijikelwanga kwizixhobo zenyukliya okanye ezinye izixhobo ezidubulayo zenyukliya.” Kwicala layo, i-IAEA “inelungelo nesibophelelo” sokuqinisekisa ukuba izikhuselo ziyasetyenziswa kuyo yonke loo misebenzi “ngenjongo ekhethekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinjalo azithunyelwa kwizixhobo zenyukliya okanye ezinye iziqhushumbisi zenyukliya.”
Kangangeminyaka, i-Iran (efana noMzantsi Korea, iTaiwan, iYiphutha kunye namanye amazwe ambalwa) ayiphumelelanga ukunika ingxelo kwi-IAEA — kwaye kungoko iqinisekisa ukhuseleko —kwinani lentengiselwano nemisebenzi enxulumene nenyukliya. Ezi ziganeko zaphandwa ngocoselelo ngabahloli be-Arhente kwaye iifayile ezifanelekileyo kwezi zivaliwe. Ngaloo ndlela kwingxelo yakhe kwiBhodi yeeRhuluneli ze-IAEA ngoSeptemba 2, 2005, UMlawuli Jikelele u-Mohammed el-Baradei uqaphele ukuba "zonke izixhobo zenyukliya ezibhengeziweyo e-Iran zibaliwe, kwaye ke loo nto ayithunyelwanga kwimisebenzi engavumelekanga." UGqr. el-Baradei uthe, nangona kunjalo, i-IAEA yayingekabikho kwimeko yokugqiba ukuba akukho zenzo zenyukliya "zingachazwanga" ezenzeka e-Iran - isibophelelo esingasuki kwisivumelwano sokhuseleko kodwa kuphela kwi IProtocol eyongezelelweyo ukuba i-Iran yathi iya kubambelela ngokuzithandela kwi-2003.
Ngaphandle koku kufunyaniswayo, iBhodi yeeRhuluneli —esebenza phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-US kunye ne-E-3— ivotele ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesine kuSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukufumana i-Iran ingahambelani nesivumelwano sayo sokhuseleko kumxholo wenqaku XIIC loMthetho we-IAEA. Eyona nto yayingahoywa yinto yokuba inqaku XIIC, kunye namanqaku 18 kunye ne-19 e-Infcirc 214, achaza ukungathotyelwa ngokusisiseko njengophambuko lwemathiriyeli ekhuselweyo ngeenjongo ezingavumelekanga, into uGqr el-Baradei aye wayigweba ngokucacileyo. Njengesephu esiya kumazwe angakhululekanga yindlela umbuzo wase-Iranian owawusenziwa ngayo upolitiko ngokungafanelekanga, ibhodi yagqiba ekubeni ilibeke ecaleni ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwe-Iran kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN eligunyaziswe phantsi kwe-XIIC. Nangona kunjalo, le sop yayilungiselelwe kuphela njengemfuneko yethutyana ukuba irhoxiswe ngexesha lokuqala elifanelekileyo. Kwaye loo mzuzu, ngokubhekisele kwiWashington, ngoku ufikile.
Xa ndinonikwa i ulwakhiwo lwangoku lwamalungu angama-35 eBhodi yeeRhuluneli, i-US akufanele ibe nobunzima ekufumaneni iivoti ezifunekayo ukuthumela idokethi yase-Iran kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Nangona okuya kwenzeka emva kwayo kukuqikelela kwakhe nabani na, amava e-UN kunye ne-Iraq acebisa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kunye nemilinganiselo yokohlwaya ayincedi nto xa kufikwa ekudambiseni iinkxalabo zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nobukho obunokwenzeka bezixhobo ezinxulumene nezixhobo zenyukliya ezingekho mthethweni kulo naliphi na ilizwe. Ngokwamazwi kaGqr. el-Baradei, i-IAEA ayikabikho kwimeko yokwazisa ukuba i-Iran “ayinamisebenzi okanye izixhobo zenyukliya ezingachazwanga.” Ukuba ukungakwazi kwe-IAEA ukwenza isibhengezo esinjalo bekuya kuba sisizathu sokunika ingxelo ngelizwe kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwaye iligrogrise ngezohlwayo, hayi ngaphantsi kwamazwe ali-106— njengoko kwagxininiswa yi-European Union kunyaka ophelileyo — kuya kufuneka bafakwe edokisini kuba mhlawumbi abakatyikitya okanye abakaqinisekiswa okanye baphumeze iProtocol eyoNgezelelweyo.
Ukuba injongo ngenene kukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Iran ayinazo izinto zenyukliya ezingachazwanga —injongo engxamisekileyo nencomekayo, umntu unokongeza — eyona ndlela ingcono yokuyifeza kukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kohlolo lwe-IAEA. Iziza ekurhaneleka ukuba zifihla izibonelelo ezifihlakeleyo zinokujoliswa ngokumangalisayo okanye uhlolo lwesaziso esifutshane. Kodwa ukuba injongo kukugcina isigqubuthelo sokungacaci njenge-casus belli yexesha elizayo, ukubhekisa i-Iran kwi-UNSC iya kuba linyathelo elisengqiqweni lokulithatha kuba iWashington inqwenela “ukubambisa” iTehran ukuba iqhawule amakhonkco ayo kunye ne-IAEA okanye ibhengeze ukuba ayizukuba yingxaki. ukuvumela ixesha elide ukuhlolwa — indlela enye ekunokumiselwa ngayo ubumsulwa bayo.
KuRhulumente kaManmohan Singh, iphulo lamva nje lokuthumela i-Iran kwi-UNSC kwaye ibeke izohlwayo njengesohlwayo ibeka umngeni onzima wezomthetho nezopolitiko. NgoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-India ivotele isisombululo se-IAEA kodwa inike "ingcaciso yokuvota" apho ichaze ukuba ayikholelwa ukuba i-Iran yayingathobeli okanye inkqubo yenyukliya yase-Iran ibangele imibuzo engaphakathi kwisakhono seBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Akukho nto yenzekileyo ukusukela ngoSeptemba ukwenza ukuba olu bhukisho lungasebenzi lungasebenzi.
Ukuba ikhona, kaNovemba 2, 2005, ingxelo kaGqr. el-Baradei yayinochuku ngokufanelekileyo kwintsebenziswano yaseIran, yiyo loo nto i-E-3 yagqiba ngobulumko ukuba ingacinezeli ukuba kuthunyelwe iBhunga loKhuseleko ngoko nangoko. Kwaye ukuqaliswa kwakhona kophando olukhuselweyo lwenyukliya — nangona kuphawula ukuphela kokuzithandela kwe-Iran, ukuzibekela yona ukumiswa kwayo yonke imisetyenzana enxulumene nomjikelo wamafutha — akunakufane kubizwe ngokuba kukwaphulwa kwezikhuselo ze-IAEA.
Umntu unokuthi, ngeyona ndlela, abuze ubulumko bezopolitiko bukaTehran ekukhetheni ukuphelisa oku kunqunyanyiswa okwangoku kodwa ingelilo ilungelo lakhe lokukwenza oko. Ukuba ivoti yaseIndiya ngokuchasene ne-Iran kulo nyaka uphelileyo yothusa umhlaba kwaye yadala isaqhwithi sezopolitiko ekhaya, ukuvota kwakhona ngoku kuya kwenza intlekisa ngezikhundla zelizwe ezichazwe ngokusesikweni kwaye ubuze, kwakhona, ukuzinikela kukaRhulumente “kumgaqo-nkqubo ozimeleyo wangaphandle.”
Kule veki, xa u-Undersecretary wase-US u-Nicholas Burns efika eNew Delhi, umba wase-Irani unokubonakala ubalasele njengokwahlulwa okucwangcisiweyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya zase-Indiya nezomkhosi. Nangona ikhuthazwa luqwalaselo olukhulu lobuchule, isivumelwano sikaJulayi ophelileyo sase-US-India malunga nentsebenziswano yabemi benyukliya sikwanxulunyaniswa ngokungenakuphikiswa kumbuzo wase-Iran ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lukaBush. Kwi inkomfa noonondaba nge-5 kaJanuwari, USosiba weLizwe laseUnited States uCondoleezza Rice wayengenakucacisa ngakumbi ngalo nxibelelwano xa wabuzwa ngezizathu zokuba isivumelwano senyukliya neIndiya sasibaluleke kangaka eWashington: “Asinakuthi kumaIndiya kwelinye icala, wena. ngeke — singathanda ukuba ubungabandakanyekanga kubudlelwane bamandla, umzekelo, i-Iran, kodwa ke, inyukliya yasekuhlaleni ivaliwe kuwe.
Abaxolisi ngevoti yokuqala ye-IAEA ngokuchasene ne-Iran ngoSeptemba ophelileyo bathi ukuba abantu baseMelika banyanzelisa 'nokuba-okanye', kunomdla we-India ukukhetha intsebenziswano yenyukliya kunye neWashington ngaphezu kwee-hydrocarbons ezivela e-Iran. Into abangayiqondiyo kukuba ilizwe elinamandla e-Indiya linamandla ezopolitiko kunye nozakuzakukwazi ukuzifumana zombini. Into abangayiqondiyo kukuba olona phawu luncinci lokuvuma kwamaIndiya ukuvumela i-US ukuba iyalele ukhetho lwayo olucwangcisiweyo luya kukhokelela eWashington ukuba izame ukukhupha ngakumbi.
Ivoti yaseIndiya ngokuchasene ne-Iran kulo nyaka uphelileyo, umzekelo, ikhokele i-US ukuzama ukumisela iimeko ezintsha oko kwakuchasene neleta nomoya wesivumelwano senyukliya sangoJulayi 18. Phakathi kwezi yayilibango lokuba i-Indiya yamkele izikhuselo zanaphakade kwaye iwancame amabango ayo — njengoko evunyiwe kweso sivumelwano - kumalungelo kunye nezibophelelo ezifanayo kwibala lenyukliya njenge-US kunye nothethathethwano kwinyukliya yomkhosi wamajoni. Ukwahlukana kume ngamandla, uRhulumente waseManmohan Singh kufuneka axhathise isilingo sokuqhwanyaza okwesibini.
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Bona kwakhona uthotho lwam lwangaphambili lwamanqaku nge-Iran kunye ne-IAEA:
I-Persian Puzzle I: Iran kunye nokuyilwa kwengxaki yenyukliya (21 Septemba 2005)
I-Persian Puzzle II: Yintoni ngokwenene efunyenwe yi-IAEA e-Iran (22 Septemba 2005)
I-Persian Puzzle III: Umhlaba kufuneka ume uqinile kwidiplomacy (23 Septemba 2005)
Ukutyhilwa kwepuzzle yaseIndiya yasePersi (27 Septemba 2005)
Xa ukungcungcuthekisa kunganelanga, zama ukungachazi (21 Novemba 2005)
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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