KWIMICIMBI YEZIZWE, iinkcukacha ezingephi zidla ngokusixelela okungakumbi ngemibandela enzima kunamazwi antsonkothileyo namaxwebhu anzima. Kwiveki ezayo, iNkulumbuso uManmohan Singh uya kuhambela eBrasilia naseHavana kwiintlanganiso ezibalulekileyo ezijolise ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane obuthathu baseIndiya kunye neBrazil kunye noMzantsi Afrika kunye nendima yayo kwiNtshukumo engaManyani. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo olu tyelelo luya kuba yimpumelelo enkulu. Kodwa kwinqwelo-moya ende ebuyela ekhaya, ucinga ukuba inqwelomoya kaGqr. Singh izakumisa phi amafutha? Hayi iAfrika, elele embindini nalapho uMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle kunye nenani elikhulu leenkampani zaseIndiya bezilima ngokuzimisela, kodwa iFrankfurt.
Frankfurt? Kwimihla yakudala, isiqhulo phakathi kwee-wags yayikukuba abezopolitiko baseIndiya babethanda ukuma kweZurich ukujonga iiakhawunti zabo ezinenombolo. Ngethamsanqa, uGqr Singh akanazo iiakhawunti ezinjalo. Ngelishwa, into angenayo naye ngabacebisi abanengqondo.
Ngaphezu kweshumi elinambini lamazwe ase-Afrika alele kumgca othe ngqo osuka eCuba usiya eIndiya kwaye nabani na kuwo ebenokuvuma ukusingatha iNkulumbuso yaseIndiya kutyelelo olungekho semthethweni okanye olusemthethweni. Amanye ala mazwe, njengeChad eneoyile eninzi, umzekelo, anepetroli eninzi kwaye afuna amaqabane amatsha emva kokulahla iChevron-Texaco kunye nePetronas. I-Sudan, nayo, ioli, enye i-India sele ityale imali kuyo. Emva koko kukho iSenegal, apho i-Tatas inobukho obukhulu kwaye apho iinkampani zikawonkewonke zaseIndiya zilindeleke ukuba zidlale indima enkulu ekulungiseni imizila kaloliwe yelizwe.
La ngawo onke amazwe apho iIndiya ibandakanyeka ngokwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho. Ekuphela kwento engekhoyo yezopolitiko, enokunceda ukwazisa inyathelo lotshintsho kubudlelwane. Thelekisa indlela yamaIndiya naleyo yamaTshayina. U-Hu Jintao, uMongameli wase-China, sele ephethe isithuba esingangonyaka ngaphezu kukaGqr Singh. Kodwa sele etyelele i-Afrika kabini kukhenketho olongeziweyo xa kuthelekiswa nenqaku leNkulumbuso yaseIndiya elingu-zero.
Ngokuphathelele kwiLatin America, ixesha lokugqibela iNkulumbuso yaseIndiya yatyelela amazwe amabini apho yayingo-1968, xa u-Indira Gandhi wayesiya eChile naseArgentina. Uhambo lwakhe olucwangcisiweyo lokuya ePeru lwarhoxiswa ngenxa yeGeneral Velasco Alvarado's icoup d'etat, kwaye la mava angqineke ebuhlungu kuMzantsi Block kangangokuba lonke ilizwekazi lahlala terra incognita kwiintloko zoorhulumente baseIndiya ezalandelayo kwiminyaka engama-38 ezayo.
Ngaphandle kokungabikho okungaqondakaliyo kunye nokudidayo koMphathiswa Wezangaphandle, idiplomacy yaseIndiya ithwaxwa yindibaniselwano yezigulo ezithathu namhlanje. Eyokuqala yi-Eurocentrism, ejonga ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi ubukhulu becala kunye ne-axes yehlabathi eqikelelwayo, okwesibini, ukuzingca okuthile okubangelwa ngamazinga aphezulu okukhula kwelizwe kunye nokunyuka kweprofayili yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye okwesithathu, ukunyaniseka ekujonganeni nemibuzo emikhulu yemfazwe noxolo. Oku kubangela ukulangazelela kakhulu "ukubandakanya" amaziko asele ekhona amandla ehlabathi kumanqanaba aphezulu kwiindawo ezikude njengeGleneagles okanye iVladivostok kodwa ukuphepha ukuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko kwenye indawo.
I-NAM njengento yokuthintela
Ngenxa yeentlekele ezivelayo kunye neengxabano kubumelwane bayo obandisiweyo, nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba i-India ingakwazi ixesha elingakanani ukuhlala kude. Kwaye ingqungquthela ye-NAM e-Havana inika ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuba i-Indiya ibonise ukulangazelela kwayo ukuphinda idibanise amazwe ase-Asia, e-Afrika, naseLatin America ngentsebenziswano enokubuyisela ukulinganisela kunye nomlinganiselo kwihlabathi elingqingiweyo ukusuka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. yeempembelelo eziphazamisayo.
Kodwa ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwe-NAM namhlanje, kubalulekile ukuqaphela inyaniso exakayo yokuba ulwahlulo lwangaphambili lwe-bipolar lwehlabathi lwaluzenzekela kuphela kwiprojekthi yokuNgalungelelanisi. Ngexesha leMfazwe yoMlomo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-NAM kwakulele ekuthinteleni iimpembelelo amalungu ayo aziva ngathi zimbi kakhulu kwinkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe, ezizezi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omkhosi kunye nezoqoqosho njengesixhobo sokulawula amazwe awayesakuba ngamakoloniyali, iUnited States, kwaye, kancinci, eSoviet Union. Ulwahlulo lwe-bipolar luncede i-NAM ukuba ifezekise le njongo kodwa yayingeyona nto iphambili kwiprojekthi engahambelaniyo njengoko abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba ngelo xesha. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuvunywe ukuba i-NAM ayikhange iphumelele kakhulu ekudlaleni le ndima yothintelo kuba uninzi lwamalungu ayo aphela ehlaselwa ngamandla amakhulu.
Ngokwahlukileyo kubungqina bexesha leMfazwe Yomlomo, ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi namhlanje lukwimeko eguquguqukayo. Ngelixa kunzima ukuphawula inkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe njenge "unipolar," "multipolar" okanye into ephakathi, ukuqonda okuthile ngobume bekhonkrithi bolungelelwaniso lwehlabathi kunokuqondwa ngokuphonononga amanqaku amaninzi okuphazamiseka avele kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Phakathi kwezi ziingxaki ezibangelwe luhlaselo lwamaNgesi namaMerika eIraq naseAfghanistan, ukuqhubeka ngokuhlala kuka-Israeli kumhlaba wasePalestine nowaseArabhi, uhlaselo lwakutsha nje lwamaSirayeli ngokuchasene neLebhanon, impikiswano egquba ngokukhawuleza ngenkqubo yenyukliya yase-Iran, enokukhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukuhlasela kwe-Iran. ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso eoli kunye nemfazwe, ingxaki yoluntu eDarfur eSudan, kunye nengxaki yenyukliya kusingasiqithi waseKorea.
Kukho ezinye iindawo zesiphithiphithi kwenye indawo รขโฌโungquzulwano lwaseSri Lanka lula ukuba lube lolunye umlinganiselo wamazwe ngamazweรขโฌโkodwa ezi zibalwe ngasentla ngokuqinisekileyo zezona zinobuzaza. Bonke ngaphandle kweDarfur bahlala eAsia. Bonke banamandla okukhokelela emfazweni, eneziphumo ezibi kukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nomdla waseIndiya. Kodwa kwimeko nganye, i-Indiya รขโฌโigunya elikhulu laseAsia elihleli kanye esizikithini selizwekaziรขโฌโ alibandakanyeki kwiinzame zokuzama ukufumana izisombululo zoxolo. E-Iran, kukho i-P5 + 1, yaseKorea iintetho zamaqela amathandathu, kunye nenkqubo yoxolo yoMbindi Mpuma iQuartet. E-Afghanistan, i-NATO iqhuba umboniso ngelixa umsebenzi wase-US e-Iraq ungabonakali zimpawu zokuphela. ELebhanon, eIndiya, eneqela elikhulu lomkhosi elibekwe njengenxalenye ye-UNIFIL, yakhetha ukungazibandakanyi kwiingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nesigunyaziso esitsha se-U.N.
Umba osesichengeni ayilobhongo lase-Asiya okanye inkohliso yamaIndiya yobungangamsha kodwa yinyani ebambekayo yokuba eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokujongana nale ngxaki nganye ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa eneneni iyawandisa amathuba ongquzulwano nemfazwe kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula kobunqolobi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Indiya inomdla obalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ase-US kummandla.
Ngaphambi kokuba imikhosi yase-US ihlasele i-Iraq ngo-2003, ihlabathi lonke lalisazi i-denouement ebuhlungu eyayiza kulandela. Ngokufanayo, ukuba i-US inyanzelisa ukuba iBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo linyanzelise izohlwayo e-Iran, le ngxaki iya kwanda. Kanye njengokuba ubusuku bulandela imini, inqanaba lezohlwayo liya konyuswa kwaye i-Iran ekugqibeleni iya kubhengeza ukurhoxa kwayo kwiSivumelwano seNyukliya sokuNganandisi, njengoko ililungelo layo elizimeleyo ukwenza. Ngelo xesha, i-Iran iya kuluma imbumbulu kwaye inyanzeliswe ukuba iphuhlise isixhobo senyukliya. Okanye iya kuba phantsi kwebhombu yasemoyeni yi-US, eneziphumo ezibi kulo mmandla.
Ukuphelisa umdlalo we-Iran
Ngaphezu kwengxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nobume obuzimeleyo bomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle waseIndiya, kukungakwazi kunye nokungafuni ukuzibandakanya ekusombululeni iingxaki okukhathazayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente waseManmohan Singh wangaphandle unokuzimela okanye ungazimeleyo. Kodwa xa kufikwa ekuthatheni amanyathelo okuthintela ubungozi beemfazwe ezintsha ebumelwaneni bayo, iIndiya ayisebenzi kwaye ayicingi.
Umzekelo, nawuphi na umbono umntu awuthathayo ngevoti yaseIndiya ngokuchasene ne-Iran kwi-Arhente yaMandla eAtomiki yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoSeptemba ophelileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo umceli mngeni ojongene neNew Delhi namhlanje kukufumana iindlela zokuphuma kwesi siphelo sibi silindeleke kakhulu. Njengelizwe elinomdla obalulekileyo ekusonjululweni ngoxolo kwengxabano, i-Indiya ayinakho ukuvalela ekwenzeni iinkcazo zesiko malunga nokubaluleka kwengxoxo kunye nothethathethwano.
Ngokukwanjalo naseLebhanon, ngeli lixa iPalamente iphumeze isigqibo esigxeka ubundlavini bakwa-Israeli, i-India ayizange inyuse ubuhlobo bayo neTel Aviv icebisa iNkulumbuso u-Ehud Olmert ukuba indlela ayithathayo iza kwenza ilizwe lakhe lingakhuselekanga kangako. UMnu. Olmert usenokuba wala naliphi na icebiso elinikwe ngumthunywa okwinqanaba eliphezulu laseIndiya okanye wade wancama ukudibana nomphathi weendaba ezinjalo kodwa i-India yayiza kuphumelela ekuthumeleni umqondiso onamandla kummandla wokuba kukho abadlali abaninzi kuneQuartet kuphela.
Yayilubalo kanye olwakhokelela ukuba abaPhathiswa baMazwe angaPhandle baseIndiya, eBrazil, naseMzantsi Afrika (IBSA) babhengeze ngoMatshi ka-2004 ukuba bajonge ukuzifaka kwinkqubo yoxolo kuMbindi Mpuma ecaleni kweQuartet. Okubuhlungu kukuba, eso sibhengezo asizange silandelwe. Inkulumbuso uSingh wenze kakuhle ukutyumba umthunywa okhethekileyo we-West Asia kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Kodwa ikwayinyani yokuba urhulumente wamisa umthunywa iinyanga ezininzi ngenxa yokoyika ukuba utyelelo kulo mmandla luza kukhokelela kwiintlanganiso kunye ne-Hamas kunye ne-Hizbollah, eya kuthi ke yona yenze umthetho we-Indo-U.S. isivumelwano senyukliya eWashington kunzima ngakumbi.
Ngexesha lesamithi ye-IBSA yokuqala eza kubanjelwa eBrasilia kwiveki ezayo, uGqr. Singh kufuneka azame ukuguqula iqonga leengxoxo lamacala amathathu libe liqela lejinja elinokuthi linike amandla i-NAM ukuba iphinde idlale indima yokumodareyitha kunye nokuthintela kwezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe. Kwaye ekubuyeni kwakhe, kufuneka atyumbe ngokuphambili uMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle, ukungabikho kwakhe okuthintela kakhulu ukusebenza kwediplomacy yaseIndiya.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela