Kwiintsuku ezilandela inyikima enkulu eyahlasela i-Ecuador nge-16 ka-Epreli, imigca yokuphuma kwiivenkile ezinkulu yayinde kakhulu. Abantu abaqhelekileyo base-Ecuadorian abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi badibana ukuze bathenge ukutya, amanzi okusela kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kumaxhoba. Yayiyeyona ntlekele yemvelo imbi kwelo lizwe kwiminyaka engama-70, eyashiya abantu abali-1,000 10,000 befile, abangaphezu kwe-3 XNUMX bengenamakhaya, yaza yabangela umonakalo oxabisa ngaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezi-XNUMX zeerandi.
Inyikima yenzeke kanye xa ilizwe lingena kwimeko yokudodobala koqoqosho - amaxabiso e-oyile ehlabathi afikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye urhulumente sele kufuneka ehlise inkcitho kawonke-wonke, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kwenkangeleko yezoqoqosho engalunganga, uMongameli uRafael Correa usengoyena usopolitiki welizwe.
Isizathu sokuthandwa kweCorrea, ngakumbi phakathi kwamahlwempu elizwe, silula. Ukususela ekunyulweni kwakhe ngo-2006 izinga lentlupheko liphantse lancipha, ukusuka kwi-45 ukuya kwi-25 yeepesenti kunye nokungalingani kwehle kakhulu. Kunye nerhafu ephakamileyo yezityebi, kuye kwakho inkcitho eyandisiweyo kwinkxaso-mali yezindlu, ukudluliselwa kwemali kwabangathathi ntweni, kwaza kwaphinda kabini ukutyala imali kwimfundo karhulumente. Kwakhona, iziseko ezingundoqo kwilizwe lonke ziphuculwe ngokubonakalayo, ngoohola bendlela abaninzi, iiyunivesithi kunye nokuphuculwa kwezothutho lukawonke-wonke.
ICorrea ikwazise umlinganiselo othile wozinzo kwezopolitiko. Phakathi kuka-1996 kunye no-2007 i-Ecuador yadlula koomongameli abasibhozo kunye neengxaki ezimbi zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ngexesha uCorrea eshiya ubongameli ngo-2017, uya kube sele elawule iminyaka eli-10, ixesha elide kunaye nawuphi na umongameli ukusukela oko u-Eloy Alfaro, omnye wabaseki besizwe, owashiya isikhundla ngo-1911.
Enye indawo apho urhulumente ebekhe wajongana neengxaki kutshanje kubudlelwane bakhe nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yentshukumo yemveli eneziqhekezo, amaqela amancinane asekhohlo, amaqela okusingqongileyo, kunye necandelo lombutho womanyano baye bagxeka uMongameli ngokubuyela emva kwizithembiso zomgaqo-nkqubo oqhubekayo kunye nokulawula ngendlela enegunya. Bathi uye wasilela ukusuka 'kwi-extractivism' kunye nokuxhomekeka kweoli, ekukhuseleni ngamandla okusingqongileyo, kunye nokubandakanya imibutho yoluntu ekuphuhliseni imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kula maqela yintshukumo yemveli, leyo, ngaphandle kolwahlulo lwangaphakathi, inokuthi imele ukuya kutsho kwi-10 lepesenti yabemi.
Ilizwe lixhomekeke kakhulu kwioli. Phantse isiqingatha sengeniso ye-Ecuador ye-export ye-export ivela kwi-oil exports kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kwixabiso leoli, oku kunika ikota yesabelomali sikarhulumente. Ngaphandle kobunzima boqoqosho lwehlabathi ngo-2008, i-Ecuador yakwazi ukugcina umndilili oqinileyo wonyaka GDP ukukhula okungaphezulu kweepesenti ezine phakathi ko-2000 no-2012. Nangona kunjalo, inyaniso yokuba ilizwe lamkele US idola njengemali yayo elandela ukudodobala koqoqosho ngo-2000 iphazamisa inkqubo yezoqoqosho kakhulu.
Nangona i-Ecuador ililizwe elamkela abantu basemzini, abanye bayijonga njengeyona igcinakeleyo kwaye ivaliwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqhomfa akukho mthethweni phantse kuzo zonke iimeko. Kwakhona, izimo zengqondo ezisekelwe kudidi oluthobekileyo zisaxhaphakile. Ukanti ilizwe lingazingca ngokuba libandakanye ingqikelelo yemveli yokuba ubomi obuhle (ukuphila ubomi obulungileyo) kumgaqo-siseko wayo ka-2008 kwaye ngokwenza njalo ube negalelo kwingxoxo yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokufikelela kuluntu olungasebenzisi bathengi kunye noluntu oluphilileyo.
Indawo yase-Ecuador eyohlukeneyo-kuquka iAmazon, iilwandle ezintle, amahlathi asezintabeni, iZiqithi zeGalapagos kunye neentaba-mlilo ezimangalisayo-kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zabantu kunye nezopolitiko, zenza ilizwe elingenamdla. Ngoku njengoko imikhosi egcinayo kwi-Latin America izama ukuhlehlisa indawo ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-pink tide', into abajolise kuyo ngokulandelayo iya kuba yi-Ecuador kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kuba nomdla ngakumbi.
UGreg Wilpert
Inkokeli | Umongameli uRafael Correa Delgado. |
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Economy | I-GNI ngomntu ngamnye i-$ 6,090 (i-Peru i-$ 6,360, i-United States i-$ 55,230). I-Ecuador iye yasilela kwityala layo elizimeleyo ngo-2008 kwaye emva koko yaphelisa izivumelwano zotyalo-mali zamazwe amabini, kuquka nesinye ne-US. I-Correa iguqukele e-China endaweni yoko: ngoDisemba ka-2013 wavuma isivumelwano kunye ne-Beijing egubungela i-9.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwintengiso ye-oyile kwangaphambili kunye nenkxaso yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ilizwe lisaxhomekeke ngokungafanelekanga kwi-oyile, ingakumbi njengoko amaxabiso ehlabathi ephantsi kangaka. |
Eyona nto ithunyelwa ngaphandle | I-Petroleum, iibhanana, iintyatyambo ezisikiweyo, i-shrimps, i-cocoo, ikofu, iinkuni, intlanzi. |
Iyunithi yezemali | US dollar (ukususela 2000). |
abantu | 15.9 yezigidi. Izinga lokukhula ngonyaka nge-1.5%. Abantu ngekhilomitha yesikwere 64 (UK 267). |
impilo | Ukufa kweentsana 18 kwi-1,000 yokuzalwa okuphilayo (i-Peru 13, i-US 6). Umngcipheko wobomi bonke bokusweleka komama 1 kuma-440 (i-US 1 kwi-1,800). Izinga lokuxhaphaka kwe-HIV yi-0.3%. |
okusingqongileyo | I-Ecuador inezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi nge-square kilometer ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe emhlabeni. Ikwasiso kuphela isizwe esinomgaqo-siseko owamkelayo ukuba indalo inelungelo lokuphila nokuchuma. Ngo-2007 urhulumente waseCorrea ubonise inyathelo leYasuní- ITT, ukwenzela inkxaso-mali yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhusela inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Amazon ekusetyenzisweni kweoli. Eli nyathelo aliphumelelanga, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ukuhlolwa kweoli kwaqala kwipaki yesizwe yaseYasuní ngo-2016. |
ulwimi | ISpanish lolona lwimi lusemthethweni, nesiQuechua sesona sithethwa kakhulu kwiilwimi zomthonyama. Kunye noShuar, isiQuechua sonyulwa ‘lulwimi olusemthethweni lobudlelwane benkcubeko’. |
inkolo | Catholic 74.0%, Evangelical Protestanti 10.4%, AmaNgqina kaYehova 1.2%, abanye okanye abangakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo 14.4%. |
Isalathiso sophuhliso loluntu | I-0.711, i-98 kumazwe angama-188 (i-Peru 0.737, i-US 0.914). |
Ukwabiwa kwengeniso | Ukungalingani kunye nentlupheko yehle kakhulu kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo. Ilizwe lisenendlela ende ekufuneka liyihambile, nangona kunjalo. |
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inkululeko | Inkululeko yokuthetha, ukuhlanganisana kunye nokudibanisa iqinisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyeliswa kwamagosa karhulumente kusenokukhokelela kwizityholo, njengokuba kunjalo kwamanye amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. |
Isikhundla sabasetyhini | Ubume babasetyhini buphucuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusukela ngoo-1990. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhupha isisu kuhlala kungekho mthethweni. |
Ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala | Kwi-94.5%, ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala luphezulu, kodwa amazinga asesezantsi kakhulu phakathi kwabemi bomthonyama. |
Izinto ozilindile emhlabane | Iminyaka eyi-76 (iPeru 75, i-US 79). |
Abancinci ngokwesondo | Ngo-2016 i-Ecuador isandula ukunika iwonga elisemthethweni kwimitshato yabantu besini esinye. Ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisini sokuziqhelanisa nesondo alukho mthethweni. Intshukumo ye-LGBT iyasebenza kwaye iququzelela iimatshi zonyaka zeGay Pride kulo lonke ilizwe. |
UVavanyo lwe-NI (kwezoPolitiko) | Unyulo lwaseCorrea ngo-2006 lwabonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo e-Ecuador. Ezopolitiko zelizwe zizinzile ngakumbi, urhwaphilizo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho luphantsi kakhulu, amaziko karhulumente asebenza kakuhle, kwaye inxaxheba yezopolitiko inamandla kuwo onke amacandelo. Uhlala egxile kakhulu kwinkcaso yengingqi yaseLatin America kwi-neoliberalism - iManyano yeZizwe eziMazantsi eMelika iseke iHQ yayo eQuito. UMongameli, nangona kunjalo, angathetha ngqwabalala kubagxeki bakhe, nokuba usuka ekhohlo okanye ekunene. |
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Nikela