Njengoko ndandifunda incwadi entsha kaNorman Finkelstein, Ndizakuyitshisa laa bhulorho Xa ndifika kuyo!: Iingcamango zobuxoki kwiPolitiko yesazisi, ukurhoxisa iNkcubeko, kunye neNkululeko yezeMfundo., Ndacinga kwangethuba ihlaya lika-Obama ngeendleko zikaRahm Emanuel: โungomnye wohlobo, kwaye ndiyambulela uthixo ngokuba ngomnye wohlobo.โ UFinkelstein, naye, ulunge kakhulu lolunye uhlobo. Kodwa umzekeliso noEmanuel uyasilela, kuba enyanisweni Nye URahm Emanuel zininzi kakhulu ngelixa enye iFinkelstein ayiphantse yanele. Sifuna amakhulu akhe. Oko kukuthi, sifuna amakhulukhulu eengqondo ezisekhohlo ezinenkalipho kunye nobukrelekrele bokucinga ngokwabo kwaye bangaze bazithengise, ukwala ukuthomalalisa-nokuba babeke emngciphekweni wokuhlukanisa nabanye abantu abashiyekileyo ngokuchasa esidlangalaleni inkcubeko evukileyo kunye neendlela ezingenamntu zezopolitiko. ukuthanda ukubambelela ngokungagungqiyo kwezopolitiko zodidi. Kwaye bekungayi kuba buhlungu ukuba nababhali abaninzi abanobuchule nabahlekisa njengaye.
Kuyaziwa ngokubanzi ngakwesobunxele ukuba uFinkelstein, ngokungathi kunjalo, ungumfeli-nkolo kwinyaniso nobulungisa, emva kokuba ephantsi kwe-calumniation ekhatywayo kwaye wakhanyela umsebenzi wezemfundo ngenxa yokukhuthaza kwakhe okungapheliyo kwi-Palestine. Nge Ndiza Kutshisa Laa Bridge, ubonisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukutshisa iibhulorho kungekuphela nje ngokusekwa kodwa kunye "nekhohlo" lanamhlanje, apho abonisa ukudelela okuncinciweyo. Uyithathela ingqalelo, okanye imikhwa ephambili kuyo, ukuba iye yehla ekunyukeni ekuphakameni kokuziphatha nobukrelekrele kunye noRosa Luxemburg, WEB DuBois, kunye noPaul Robeson kwinkcubeko yokujonga inkaba enyanyekayo, exakeke zizinto ezingenamsebenzi ezifana nezimelabizo zomntu ngeendleko. yomzabalazo womanyano wehlabathi elingcono. โNanini na ndibona yena / yena or yena / yena, Ndiyacinga Mka.โ (โUmele ukuba uphila ubomi obuxabiseke ngendlela eyoyikekayo,โ uhlabela mgama esithi, โukuba, phakathi kokuphelelwa lithemba okugqugqisileyo kwezoqoqosho ekuwohlokeni ngokukhululekileyo, eyona nkxalabo yakho iphambili ibambelele kwizimelabizo zakho.โ) Ukuba le ncwadi ayityeshelwa nje, enye unokulindela ukuba iya kubangela umkhukula wokubethelwa kwabantu abasekhohlo kunye nabenkululeko: "ubuhlanga, ubugwenxa, i-transphobic, i-white supremacist, intsha, incoherent, petty!" Umfundi okrelekrele akayi kuhendwa zezo zigwebo zilula kodwa endaweni yoko uya kusebenzisana nomxholo wencwadi, kuba inezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuthetha.
Iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini: okokuqala, uFinkelstein "uchitha" ipolitiki yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko yokurhoxisa enike yona, egxininisa kumanani amahlanu awakhuphayo: uKimberlรฉ Crenshaw, uTa-Nehisi Coates, uRobin DiAngelo, u-Ibram X. Kendi, kunye noBarack Obama. Kwicandelo lesibini, uqwalasela isifundo esinxulumeneyo aqhelene kakhulu naso: inkululeko yokufunda. Kufuneka kulawuleke kangakanani ulawulo lwenkululeko yokuthetha kwikhampasi yeyunivesithi, kwaye phantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho intetho โekhubekisayoโ yesifundiswa kwindawo kawonke-wonke ikhokelela kwisenzo soluleko? Ngaba kuphosakele ukuba iidyunivesithi zinike abantu abaphika iHolocaust iqonga? Xa befundisa, ngaba oonjingalwazi bafanele bazabalazele โukulungelelanaโโbanikele ngandlelโ ithile zonke iinkalo zombandela ukuze abafundi bazenzele ezabo iingqondoโokanye bafanele bafundise imbono yabo kuphela? Yintoni esifanele sicinge ngeekhowudi zokuthetha zasekhampasini? UFinkelstein uphendula yonke imibuzo enjalo ngobude nangomoya wobuzaza obungaqhelekanga.
Umfundi okrelekrele akasayi kuhendwa ku โฆ izigwebo ezilula kodwa endaweni yoko uya kuzibandakanya nomxholo wencwadi, kuba inezinto ezibalulekileyo ezizithethayo.
Obunye ubunzima kule ncwadi kukuba inomlinganiswa ojikelezayo nojikelezayo, obandakanya iinkumbulo ezahlukeneyo, ingxabano ekhohlakeleyo, iingxoxo ezixineneyo, ukucalulwa kwezibhalo ezininzi, iingcaphulo ezininzi ezinde, imibhalo esemazantsi engenakubalwa, kunye nokuhlekwa okuhlekisayo kwayo yonke into kunye nawo wonke umntu ovela kuMichelle. Obama ukuya Bari Weiss, ukusuka ENew York Times ukuvusa amagama afana neLatinx ("kutheni iqela lobuhlanga lifuna ukuvakala njengesayithi lamanyala?"). Embindini wayo, nangona kunjalo, phantsi komgangatho ohlukeneyo, le ncwadi ibuhlungu cri de coeur ngokuchasene nokubola okugqugqisileyo kwenkcubeko, yezopolitiko, kunye nobukrelekrele-ukhuselo olungenaluxolelo kunye nokuchazwa kwe "canon yaseNtshona" (uJohn Stuart Mill, uKarl Marx, uBertrand Russell, uKant, uDuBois, uFrederick Douglass, njalo njalo), isijwili esiqhubekayo phezu indlela ekhohlo liwele ngayo, ukukhalinyelwa okugqugqisileyo kwe-philistinism kunye ne-pusillanimous groupthink (icaphula iMill: "Ukuba bambalwa kakhulu ngoku abanesibindi sokuzifihla kuphawu lwengozi enkulu yelo xesha"), kunye nombhiyozo ongeyiyo ngebhongo weengcinga ezintle ezifana neNyaniso. , Isizathu, kunye noBulungisa (apho uFinkelstein asebenzisa imali enkulu, kwi-consciously anti-postmodernist ichuma). Ubume bencwadi ye-kaleidoscopic kunye nobude oboyikisayo busenokumphazamisa umfundi, ke kolu hlaziyo ndicebisa ukuba ndishwankathele kwaye ndinike izimvo kwiingxoxo zayo eziphambili, ukuququzelela ukusasazwa kwazo.
Ngaphambi kokwenza njalo, nangona kunjalo, andinakuchasa ukucaphula ii-zingers ezimbalwa ze-Finkelsteinian, ukuqalisa le ngxoxo inzima ilandelayo kunye ne-levity. Kwi-MSNBC's Joy Reid: "ubungqina obuphilayo bokuba ayizizo zonke ii-yenta ezingamaYuda kwaye ayizizo zonke iinkomo ezizinkomo." Ku-Angela Davis: โNgelinye ixesha wayekuLuhlu lweFBI oluFuna kakhulu. Ngoku ukuLuhlu oluHlanu lweSidiliya sikaMartha soLudwe Oluhlanu Olunqwenelekayo.โ KuHenry Louis Gates: "i-virtuoso ekukhase emhlabeni ngelixa echwetheza kwikhibhodi yakhe." Ku-Amy Goodman (angamkhankanyanga ngegama): โUthixokazi Wokuvukaโฆ Ngo-Ibram X. Kendi: โigrifter-malletโฆisimo esingafanelekangaโฆ[othi] 'imbali eqinisekileyo yeembono zocalucalulo eMelika' ithomalalisa ukubizwa kwamagama amabini angaphambili. Ngokuzibhokoxa kukaRobin DiAngelo ngokuxilonga โubuhlangaโ: โNguKapteni u-Ahabhi onemaniacal ekuleqeni umnenga omhlophe. UliPhepha elincinci likaJackie eliphume ukuze abulale iPuff the Racist Dragon. Iphalethi yakhe inemibala emibiniโemhlophe nemnyamaโฆ Onjani wona ukudinwa, ukungazisoli, nokunganyamezelekiyo!โ Ngomdla oxhaphakileyo ngabantu abatshintshe isini: โNgosuku lokuqala lwesemina yabaphumelele izidanga, abafundi babedla ngokuchaza umdla wabo wobukrelekrele. Kule mihla, i-de rigueur ukubhengeza uhlobo lwakho lwezesondo. Kuphela nje umcimbi wexesha ngaphambi kokuba umfundi abhengeze, 'Ndinguye yena / yena kwaye ndipakisha into eshinyeneyo, enencindi yesentimitha ezilithoba.'โ
Kuhlengahlengiso luka-Emma Goldman's "Ukuba andikwazi ukudanisa, andifuni iRevolution yakho," uFinkelstein uthi: "Ukuba andikwazi ukuhleka, andifuni iRevolution yakho." Abagcini bezopolitiko, nabo, baye bakhalaza malunga nokungabi namahlaya kwesihlwele esivukileyo, kodwa ukuba uyawahlukanisa nabashiyekileyo, mhlawumbi lixesha lokucinga kwakhona ngemiyalezo yakho.
Iipolitiki zesazisi
Iingxoxo ngasekhohlo malunga nezopolitiko zesazisi zibuyela emva kumashumi eminyaka, kwaye kulula ukugula ngabo. Ngelishwa, akukho themba lokuphela kwabo logama nje ipolitiki yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko evuselelweyo ihlala ilawula ekhohlo nakwiqela leDemocratic Party-njengoko besenza namhlanje, ngeendleko zezopolitiko zodidi. UFinkelstein uyazi ukuba izazisi zezopolitiko zasekhohlo azifani ncam nezopolitiko zeDemokhrasi, kodwa ulungile ukuba ziyadibana, kwaye ezo politiki zikulungele ngakumbi ukuba zingafakwa kwisimboli esingenanto (imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, uphawu. Ukumelwa kudidi lweshishini, kunyulwe igcisa elingenamsebenzi elifana no-Obama) kunesitayile sikaBernie Sanders-okanye ezopolitiko ezibukhali ngakumbi.
Abasekhohlo abazimiseleyo, njengoRobin DG Kelley, babhale ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwezopolitiko zesazisi, kwaye uFinkelstein ngokuqinisekileyo akaphikisi ngokuchasene nemfuneko yokubandakanya ukuchasana nobuhlanga, ukuchasana ngokwesini, ukuchasana nokuthanda abantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo, kunye nezinye ii-ajenda "zokuvuka" kwiintshukumo ezidumileyo. Into ayichasayo ziifom ezihlala zithathwa yipolitiki yesazisi, kunye notyekelo lwazo lokuguqukela ekubhiyozeleni isazisi sesizwe esingaqhelekanga. Umzobo wokubini, olinganiselayo wemigca phakathi kwamaqela kunye nokudelela iqela "elicinezelayo"-omhlophe vs. black, cis vs. trans, straight vs. gay, man vs. woman-kukwi-parochialism kunye nokunciphisa umanyano ngokuchasene ubungxowankulu, hayi indlela ebonakala ngayo ipolitiki yasekhohlo. Ucaphula ixesha elide amazwi kaFrederick Douglass ngo-1894 anokuthi โarhoxisweโ namhlanje:
Siyeva, ukusukela ngenkululeko, kuninzi okuthethwa ziinkokeli zethu zale mihla xa zincoma ukuzingca ngohlanga, uthando lohlanga, inzame yohlanga, ukongama kohlanga, amadoda ohlanga, njalo njalo... [Kodwa] ndiyaqaphela kwaye andamkeli isiseko esimxinwa kwiingcamango zam, iimvakalelo zam. , okanye iindlela zesenzo. Bendiya kuzibeka, kwaye bendiya kunibeka, bahlobo bam abaselula, kumhlaba ophakame kakhulu nangaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na isiseko sobuhlanga okanye ngebala... Singaze silibale ukuba awona mazwi anamandla kunye nawona maciko akhe aphakanyiswa egameni lenjongo yomntu ontsundu, yayingamazwi abamhlophe. Hayi ngokogqatso; kungekhona ngenxa yebala, kodwa ngenxa yendoda nobudoda bodwa, basebenza, balwa baze bafaโฆ Kungcono ukuba lilungu losapho olukhulu loluntu, kunokuba lilungu lalo naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lwentsapho yoluntu... Ndibeka unyawo lwam phezu kwemigudu ukuzoba imigca phakathi kwabamhlophe nabamnyamaโฆokanye ukuzoba imigca yogqatso naphina kwindawo yenkululeko.
Ngaphezu koko, ingcamango yokuba โneqhayiyaโ ngelokuba ubani ukwiqela elinjaniโukuba neqhayiya ngokuba mnyama okanye ibhinqa okanye ifanasini okanye utshintsheโiyadida. โ[Mna] ndiyabhida ukuba kutheni umntu kufuneka azive abanekratshi umahluko phakathi kwezilwanyana nezilwanyana,โ ubhala watsho uFinkelstein. โ[W]ikhona ingqiqo ekwenzeni 'ihlelo' laloo nto umntu angenakuzikhethela ngayoโฆ? Ngaba ubani akafanele alangazelele ukudlula inxalenye โengenakuphephekaโโumbala wolusu lwakheโukuze agwetywe โngenxalenye ekhululekileyoโโokuqulethwe sisimo sobuntu bakhe?โ Ngokufanayo, ingcamango โyokuthanda abantuโ ayiqhelekanga, okokuqala kuba ifikelela โkukuthanda isiqu sikabani,โ nto leyo, ekuthandeni kwayo, kufane kubonakale ngathi yinto ebekekileyo. Iba yi-chauvinism ngokulula. Okwesibini, ngokuqinisekileyo ubani akanakubathanda bonke abantu ekutyholwa ukuba babumba โabantu bakowabo.โ Abaninzi okanye inkoliso yabo ubani ebeya kubacekisa ngokobuquโkanye njengokuba, kwelinye icala, ubani ebeya โkuthandaโ abantu abaninzi โbeqela elahlukileyo.โ Ukuchongwa kakhulu ngesazisi esimiselweyo esinjengobuhlanga yeyona nto kanye ikhokelela kubutshaba bobuhlanga obungenangqiqo (kuquka ngokuchasene nabamhlophe), ubutshaba besini (nakumadoda), kunye neminye imikhosi eyahlulayo ekuhlaleni. Ipolitiki yesazisi inokuba yingozi kwaye yonakalise, hayi kuphela ngasekunene kodwa nangasekhohlo. โEbuhleni nasebubini babo, kukho abantu kuphela, kungekhona abantu.โ
Ukungabi namsebenzi kwezopolitiko zangoku kubhengezwa ngokucokisekileyo ngokuthathela ingqalelo โiingqondo zayo ezinkulu,โ iiCrenshaws, Coateses, Kendis, kunye neDiAngelos. Ukudilizwa ngokucokisekileyo, uFinkelstein bekuya kufuneka ahlaziye irekhodi labafazi abahlukeneyo kunye neethiyori ezinqabileyo kakhulu, kodwa ngumsebenzi omkhulu owaneleyo ukugxeka ababhali ngokobuhlanga. Okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, ayisiyiyo kunzima umsebenzi-kulula kakhulu kangangokuba uFinkelstein uyakwazi ukunikela ngeziqendu ezikhulu zezi zahluko ukuba ahlekise nje-kodwa ifuna umonde kunye nokuzimisela ukutyhutyha kubudoda obungenasiphelo bobukrelekrele. Thatha iCrenshaw. Ngokungamangalisiyo, kwinqaku lakhe le-1989 elithetha ngokuhlangana kweendlela "Ukucandwa kwemida yokudityaniswa kobuhlanga kunye nesondo,โ โngokucacileyo uyalushiya udidi kulwahlulo lwakhe lwengcinezelo.โ Kuyamphazamisa ukuba abafazi abamhlophe bakhukhumele ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathethele abafazi abamnyama, kodwa "ubonakala engakhathazeki kakhulu okanye, ngenxa yaloo nto, nokuba uyazi ukuba ibhinqa eliNtsundu eliphumelele kakhulu lithetha ngoMnyama. iklasi yabasebenzi amabhinqa nawo asenokuba yingxaki.โ
Ukungabi namsebenzi kwezopolitiko zangoku kubhengezwa ngokucokisekileyo ngokuthathela ingqalelo โiingqondo zayo ezinkulu,โ iiCrenshaws, Coateses, Kendis, kunye neDiAngelos.
Okanye uthathe uDiAngelo. Une-pathological obsession ngobuhlanga kunye ne-Manichean ngokupheleleyo, imbono ye-paranoid yehlabathi. Ukuba umhlophe, unobuhlanga-nokuba unguJohn Brown okanye uJefferson Davis, i-fascist okanye i-anti-fascist. Ubuhlanga bukho kuyo yonke indawo, โbumiliselwe ngokungenakushukunyiswa kwiingqondo zethu nakwizakhiwoโ (njengoko uFinkelstein echaza amazwi akhe), โumoya esiwuphefumlayo namanzi esiwaselayo,โ utsho njalo, โngokuzenzekelayo,โ utsho, โngokuzenzekelayoโโkwaye ngoko, ngokucacileyo, ayinakunyangwa. Okona kulungileyo, ngamanye amaxesha "kunokuphazamiseka" -ngoqeqesho "lokwahluka" apho uDiAngelo egqwesileyo kwaye abize umrhumo omkhulu. Ngelo xesha, incwadi yakhe Ulwazelelo oluMhlophe uthengise phantse iikopi ezisisigidi kwaye ubenempembelelo enkulu kwinkcubeko evusiweyo, enceda ukubethelela ukulungiswa okudibeneyo-ngengozi-kwafanayo. idรฉe ukulungisa kaTa-Nehisi Coates (ngokweCornel West): indalo enamandla, engenakushenxiswa yobukhulu obumhlophe. UDiAngelo uthi: โAbelungu balawula onke amaziko aphambili ebutho labantu yaye bamisela imigaqo noqheliselo abanye abamele baphile ngalo.โ Ewe, abamhlophe bayi-homogeneous master-class: iibhiliyoni kunye nabasebenzi, bonke banetyala elilinganayo, bonke bangabacinezeli. Kwabantsundu uthi, njengoko uFinkelstein eshwankathela, โLumka! Ungabathembi abantu abamhlophe! Bonke bangabacalucalulo, banocalucalulo ngokugqibeleleyo! Ngamnye wabo wokugqibela! Banentambo eziqinileyo ngenxa yobuhlanga; ikwiDNA yabo.โ Lo ngumyalezo obalwe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuxabanisa abasebenzi. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba iklasi yezoshishino iyikhuthaze ngenzondelelo incwadi yayo!
Kuthekani ngo-Abram X. Kendi? UFinkelstein ubonakala evuya kakhulu ekukhupheni oku (njengoko esitsho) ongengomfundi kunye nongelotsha ntliziyo, kuba ukugxeka kwakhe / ukubulawa kwabantu kugcwele amaphepha ali-110 ubude kwaye uneempawu zokudityaniswa kwe-titan, iDuBois. Kulusizi ukuba uphononongo lwencwadi alukwazi ukunxibelelana nge-verve okanye uburharha bokusika kwesi sahluko (kunye nabanye). Incwadi kaKendi Isitampu ukusuka ekuqaleni: Imbali eSingqinisiso yeengcamango zobuhlanga eMelika, ngokomzekelo, โokuphela kwento entsha enokuthanani nokuziphatha kakuhle ngebala or umntu ochasene nobuhlanga, ucalucalulo or iassimilationist kuso sonke esinye isivakalisiโฆ[ingaphantsi] yimbali eqinisekileyo kunesixa esipheleleyo, nesidinisayo, KABLOOM oko kuthambile njenge-femur ebaliwe kwaye inobuqhetseba njengemallet enkulu. Isuka kwinto engathandekiyo, ephantse ukuba yintsha, ukuzicingela ukuba ukuncamathela okubini, iilebhile zeplanga kubadlali beqonga kunye neembono kwimbali yabaNtsundu kuya kuyikhanyisela. " Ingxaki enye ngoKendi kunye nenkcubeko yethu yokusetyenziswa kokuziphatha okubi, ngokungakhethi buso kweleyibhile โubuhlangaโ kukuba le ngcamango iye ihlanjululwe: โukuba buhlanga kuyeka ukuba yile nto bekumele ukuba yiyo: ibheji ebomvu yehlazoโฆ [W]inkcazelo igqithiswa ngeleyibhile ephelisa umahluko phakathi kukaFrederick Douglass [uKendi amgqala njengocalucalulo] kunye neGqirha eliKhulu le-KKK?โ Abolitionists babenobuhlanga bonke, njengoko kwakunjalo uDuBois, uMartin Luther King Jr., uRichard Wright, uE. Franklin Frasier, njl njl njl-ngoxa uKendi ekhetha indumiso uHarry Truman, uMichelle Obama, uEldridge Cleaver, uPam Grier, uBo Derek, Kanye West, njl. "[T] yena ngokungqongqo kwitaxonomy yakhe akakhumbuli iPeriodic Table kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, Pin the Tail on the Donkey."
Njengoko uFinkelstein esitsho, u-Kendi wamkela ukuzingca okuvukayo, malunga namakhulu amane eminyaka, โabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika ababhalisanga nkqubela phambili kumzabalazo wokulwa ubuhlanga. Inyathelo ngalinye elibonakala lisiya phambili lizinyaswe linyathelo elibuyela umva. Ukuba kukho nantoni na, utsho, izinto ziye zaba mbi ngakumbi! "Uhlalutyo" olunjalo lukhumbula i ngokwembali ecacileyo, Isikolo semfundo esingenazintloni ngokungenazintloni I-Afro-pessimism, kwaye, ngokuqinisekisa iiyantlukwano phakathi "abamhlophe" kunye "nabamnyama" kunye nokuqinisekisa ukucaphuka okuchasene nomhlophe phakathi kokugqibela, usebenza umsebenzi ofanayo wokuthintela ubumbano lweklasi oluyimfuneko ukuphumeza inkqubela phambili yokwenene kwimizabalazo yokusasazwa kobutyebi, iimeko zokusebenza, ezifikelelekayo. izindlu, amazinga aphezulu entswela-ngqesho, ukwandiswa kwezibonelelo zoluntu, ukhathalelo lwempilo enzonzobileni, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemekobume, i-hypertrophying militarism, njalo njalo. (Akumangalisi, kwakhona, ukuba u-Kendi uxhamle kukusekwa kwaye unokubiza i-$ 45,000 ngeentetho zakhe. Kuyanceda, kwakhona, ukuba isiphakamiso sakhe somgaqo-nkqubo wokwenene ...
Emva kokuvezwa kukaFinkelstein okutshabalalisayo kokungangqinelani okungabalekiyo kukaKendi, uhanahaniso, kunye nobudengeโukugxothwa kwakhe okuphaphazelayo kweMovement yamaLungelo oLuntu ngokuthanda i-macho Black Panthers (eyathi, ngokuthelekisa, ayizange iphumelele nto); yakhe (ngamazwi kaKendi) โezama ukwamkela nokulinganisa kunye xhobisa iyantlukwano ngokobuhlangaโ nanjengoko esithi ingcamango yobuhlanga โngummangalisoโ owayilwa ngenjongo yokulungelelanisa ukuxhaphaza; ukuzingisa kwakhe ukuba zonke iiyantlukwano zobuhlanga ekuhlaleni zingumphumo wobuhlanga; ukuqhayisa kwakhe ngeyantlukwano yobuhlanga (umz., uncoma โuBuntsundu obungenakuthintelwaโ bomhlobo wakhe) ngaxeshanye esithi abantu abachasayo babona abantu ngabanye kuphela hayi indlela yokuziphatha ngokobuhlanga (โayikho into efana nokuziphatha kwabaNtsunduโ); ukubeka kwakhe ulwahlulo olunzulu phakathi kwenkcubeko ebizwa ngokuba yinkcubeko yabamhlophe kunye nenkcubeko yabantsundu; Ukuphikisa kwakhe ngokuchasene nobuhlanga โothanda ukufanaโ nomnqweno wokuxabisa inkcubeko yabamhlophe ngaphezu kwabamnyama nanjengoko ebonakalisa ukuxabiseka kwenkcubeko yabamhlophe kunomntu omnyama (efundisa phambi kwabaphulaphuli abamhlophe, evuma ubudlelane kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, echongamela iziko lophando kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston, enebhongo ngokupapasha kwiijenali ezimhlophe njenge the Atlantic)โakukho nto iseleyo ngaphandle kwekhatshu elingenanto le-charlatan enyukayo ekuhlaleni. Ukuba umntu onjalo unokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi ukuba ungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngasekhohlo sisityholo esityumzayo sobume bekhohlo.
Kwi-charlatanry, nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abanokubetha ingeniso elandelayo kuluhlu lukaFinkelstein: Obama. "UBarack Obama sisixhobo esigqibeleleyo nesigqibeleleyo sezopolitiko, isishwankathelo sayo. Umele uloyiso olugxekayo lwemo phezu kwento, umbala phezu komlinganiswa. Ungumfo oNtsundu opholileyo nothembekileyoโngokwamazwi kaNjingalwazi uCornel Westโ'i-mascot yaseWall Street.'โ Uninzi lwabantu basekhohlo alunamdla ku-Obama, ngoko ke akufuneki ndilishwankathele ityala ngakuye. Andizange ndizame nokuzama, kuba andinakukwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona uburharha beFinkelsteinian-kwaye uninzi lwesi sahluko side sibandakanya (okwenyani okusisiseko) ukugculelwa, okujoliswe phantse kuye wonke umntu okwi-coterie yomongameli ka-Obama, โiintshaba ezivukelayo.โ Ngaphandle kuka-Obama ngokwakhe, eyona skewering yanelisayo, ndiyifumene, yayiyeye-Samantha Power, "i-Battleaxe evela esihogweni ... bubiโฆ[abazazela zabo] zisebenza kuphela ekubandezelekeni kwamaxhoba eentshaba ezisemthethweni zase-US.โ Omnye unokuxoxa ngelithi kwesi sahluko indelelo enzulu kaFinkelstein ngo-โElmer Gantry in blackfaceโ entloko yale gaggle ye-amoral mediocrities ufumana esona sipho sakhe sibalaseleyo soncwadi, kuba ukugculelwa okukhohlakeleyo kuyaqhubeka kwaye kuyadinwa, kodwa. ayinakuphikiswa ukuba yonke into ifanelekile.
Emva kwezahluko ezithandathu kunye namaphepha aphantse abe ngama-400 kulo mbandela, isishwankathelo sikaFinkelstein sezopolitiko kufanelekile ukucaphula:
Ipolitiki yesazisi iphazamise kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, yonakalise ngokuthe ngqo intshukumo esekwe kudidi [ukuthi, uBernie Sanders'] ethembise ngotshintsho olukhulu lwentlalo. Icebisa abantu abaNtsundu ukuba bangabathembi abamhlophe, njengoko ubuhlanga babo bendele yaye bukho kuyo yonke indawo ngokokude butyhefe iingcinga nezenzo zabo. Idlulisela kwabamhlophe abahlwempuzekileyo ukuba bona, abangekho ngaphantsi kodidi lwebhiliyoni emhlophe, bangabaxhamli bobuhlanga, ukuze kube bubudenge kubo ukunxulumana nabantu abaNtsundu... Emva koko, ipolitiki yezazisi ibeka amabango abonakala engqongqo kodwa eneneni ukunganyaniseki kwezopolitiko-Ukuhlawulela amapolisa, Ukupheliswa kweentolongo-njengoko bengenakho ukuphumelela okubonakalayo; okanye ezishiya inkqubo iyonke yonakele ngelixa zisavumela iqaqobana, elichaza ukuba limele amaqela angakhathalelwanga, ukufikelelaโngokulinganaโโkwiqela elikhethekileyo laba โnabo.โ Oku, eneneni, ukusebenza kwezopolitiko kubangele umhadi olizothe wamasela azibiza ngee-hashtag ezivakala kakhulu, akhuphe iitweets ezivakala kakhulu, kwaye azibeke kwizikhundla ezibalaseleyo, njengoko efumana iminikelo yenkampani, imali ehlawulwa yinkampani, exhoma. ngaphandle kwimingxunya yokunkcenkceshela yezityebi nabadumileyo, kwaye apho kunokuthenjelwa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba ungalumi isandla esibondlayoโฆ
Omnye unokuphikisa ukuba uzobe epeyinta ngebrashi ebanzi kakhulu apha, ukuba ukukhuthaza umdla wabantu abambalwa kunye nabasetyhini banako, ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo kunye nonobangela, ngokwenene ube yinkqubo yezopolitiko ebalulekileyo, kodwa akayi kukhanyela oku. Unentlonelo ephezulu kwi-Civil Rights Movement, emva kwayo yonke into-nangona angayikhanyela ukuba yayiyipolitiki yesazisi. "Amalungelo oluntu eqela elixhatshaziweyo kufuneka, ngokuqinisekileyo, akhuselwe ngokungaguqukiyo." Ingxaki ngakumbi kunokhuselo olunjalo kukwenza ihlelo lokuhlukana kweqela (iqela "ikratshi") ngendlela yokuvuka, kunye nokubeka imiba yeklasi ezantsi kwemfumba kunokuba iphezulu, apho ikhoyo. โIsidima somntu asinakukwazi ukuhlawulela uphahla phezu kwentloko kabani, impahla emqolo, nokutya phezu kwetafile.โ
Khawuqwalasele nje indlela ihlokondiba elivuke lasabela ngayo kwiphulo likaSanders, owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ekusekweni kwisizukulwana esingaphezulu kwesizukulwana...
Nokuba yeyiphi na impembelelo yokwenene yenkululeko ekhoyo kwezopolitiko kudala, iyonke, yondliwa kwaye yangcwatywa phantsi kophawu lwenkululeko ekhohlo, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokubonakala, umsebenzi, kunye nokonakaliswa kwasekhohlo. Khawuqwalasele nje indlela ihlokondiba elivuke lasabela ngayo kwiphulo likaSanders, owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ekusekweni kwisizukulwana esingaphezulu kwesizukulwana: bazamile โukurhoxisaโ uSanders ngokuba โyindoda emhlophe enelungelo elikhethekileyoโ enendawo engaboniyo kugqatso. "Ukunciphisa kwakhe uqoqosho," ngokutsho kuka-Angela Davis, kwamthintela "ekuphuhliseni isigama esimvumela ukuba athethe ... malunga nokuzingisa kobuhlanga, ugonyamelo lobuhlanga, ubundlobongela baseburhulumenteni." Njengoko uFinkelstein esitsho, "Xa 'iyure yengozi enkulu' kwimeko eyayikho ngexesha lovukelo lodidi lukaBernie Sanders, 'indalo yokwenyani' yokuvusa i-radicalism-hayi nje ithuba layo kodwa, nangaphezulu, undoqo wayo wokuphendula. โwabhencwa njengoko ngamnye kubo bonke aba bakha โbanookhokhoโ babebhalisele ukumnqanda. I-Woke irhoxise inkcubeko ibambisene nenkcubeko yokurhoxisa yemithombo yeendaba ukumisa ijuggernaut yaseSanders.
Rhoxisa inkcubeko kunye nenkululeko yemfundo
"Inkcubeko yokurhoxisa inokuchazwa njengokuguqula umntu abe ngumntu ongenguye." Ngaloo ngcaciso, sele ikhona ixesha elide kakhulu. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, indala njengempucuko. I-Red Scares yokuqala neyesibini e-US yayiyimizekelo yokukhansela inkcubeko; ngokunjalo impatho yemidiya yeshishini phantse wonke umntu osekhohlo; injalo ke impatho evusiweyo yakhe nabani na ophambuka esidlangalaleni emgceni weqela. Nokuba loo maxhoba amaphulo okonakalisa isidima ahlala efumana unyawo lwawo kwakhona okanye angasoloko efumana iziphumo zomsebenzi kwasekuqaleni, impembelelo yehlokondiba yokujonga nokuthula ihlala isebenza kwaye isoloko iphaphile. UFinkelstein uyazi ukurhoxisa inkcubeko ngaphakathi, kwaye ayimangalisi into yokuba uyayichasa ngokuqinileyo.
Ukuzikhusela kwakhe kulawulo lwentetho ekhululekileyo ephantse yanganyanzelwanga, okokuqala, ekukholelweni kwakhe ukuba le yeyona ndlela iqinisekileyo yeNyaniso. Ucaphula uDuBois: xa intetho ekhululekileyo icinezelwa, "isizwe ... siyawohloka ngokuziphatha kwaye sibotshelelwe ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye asinako ukuguqula lo mahluko usempilweni woluvo olukhokelela ekufumaneni inyaniso phantsi kweemeko eziguqukayo." Kodwa kaJohn Stuart Mill Kwinkululeko sisicatshulwa ngokuyintloko ubeka ingxabano yakhe, kwaye ucaphula kuyo ngokukhululekileyo kwisahluko sakhe ngasekunene kwanabaphikisi beHolocaust ukuba benze ityala labo kumaqonga oluntu afana nekhampasi yekholeji. โInkululeko epheleleyo yokuphikisa nokuphikisa uluvo lwethu,โ ubhala uMill, โyimeko kanye esithethelelayo ekucingeni ubunyani bayoโฆ ukubonisa ukuba azinasihlahla.โ Njengoko uFinkelstein eguqulela, "ukuba ufuna ukwanga isiqinisekiso sakho, kufuneka uqale ujongane nocelomngeni lwabo bonke abantu abagxekayo." Abachasi bakho banokuba njalo luncedo ukukukhuthaza ukuba ucinge kwakhona ngeengongoma ezibuthathaka kwisiseko sakho sokuqiqa okanye kubungqina, ukuveza iimpazamo ezincinci kwiingxoxo zakho, kukunika into onokucinga ngayo ongakhange uyihoye, ngokubanzi kukunika ithuba lokusekela iinkolelo zakho ngokusengqiqweni.
Umnqweno wehlokondiba lokuthulisa, ukuhlasela, nokutshabalalisa ubakho ngenxa yokuziva besongelwa, kungekhona ekuqinisekeni ngokusengqiqweni nangokuzithemba. Ezi zimo zengqondo zokugqibela kunokwenzeka ukuba zivelise ukuzola kunye nokuzimisela ukunika abachasi ukuva ngenxa yokuba uyazi ukuba unako ukuphikisa. Xa ihlokondiba lizama ukuthintela umntu ekuthetheni kuba eziva esongelwa yintetho yakhe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba, ngokufuthi, intetho yakhe inenyaniso ethile kuyo. Ukuyicinezelaโngaphandle kokuba yintetho nje echukumisโ intliziyo njengokuthi โuyakuphoxa!โโkunokwenza abo bachasayo baqhubeke beneembono ezibubuxoki okanye ezibubuxoki.
Kodwa omnye usenokuphendula athi, โKuthekani ukuba intetho yakhe iyingozi ekuhlaleni? Ngaba ayisosizathu esivakalayo eso sokuyicinezela?โ Ewe, inkcazo "yengozi", ngokuqinisekileyo, iyaphikiswa, kwaye iyavela ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Eugenics kunye nokuvalwa inzala ngenkani kwakukhe kwajongwa njengentshukumo ekhanyiselwe kakhulu, ixhaswa ngabaqhubela phambili abafana noBertrand Russell, uHelen Keller, uJane Addams, no-Oliver Wendell Holmes. Ngoku i-eugenics ithathwa njengento embi. Ngubani onokuthi inkcazo yakho โyeengozi ekuhlaleniโ, kuzo zonke iimeko, ilungile, okanye indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo isoloko ichanile? UFinkelstein uthi: โXa kufikelelwa kumbandela wokuthintela intetho, ngaloo ndlela amava angqina umgaqo oqhelekileyo kwimicimbi yabantu: ukuthobeka kumele kukhethwe kunekratshi.โ
Umnqweno wehlokondiba lokuthulisa, ukuhlasela, nokutshabalalisa ubakho ngenxa yokuziva besongelwa, kungekhona ekuqinisekeni ngokusengqiqweni nangokuzithemba.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba intetho โeyenzakalisayoโ ayithetheleli ngokwentlalo kangangokuba akukho mntu uyikholelwayo, yeyiphi ingozi enkulu ekuvumeleni umntu ayithethe ngamanye amaxesha? Ukuba, kwelinye icala, ayicaluli kodwa inemvume yezigidi, ukuvumela omnye umntu ayiveze kunika ithuba lokuphikisa aze atofe abantu. Iqhinga locinezelo olusulungekileyo lifanelekile ukukhokelela abaninzi ukuba bacinge ukuba kukho into โeyinyaniso eyingoziโ kuyoโโiqumrhu alifuni sive oku kuba lisongelwa yinyaniso yalo!โโkwaye ke linokuba negalelo ekusasazweni kwayo. kubo bonke abantu. Abantu basenokucinga ukuba โbayavukelaโ okanye abachasi ukumiselwa ngokuyikholelwa, kwaye ngaphezulu koko baxhasa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni zentetho yenkululeko ngokuchasene noozwilakhe abajongela phantsi abasekhohlo (njengoko ilungelo lokuphendula licinga namhlanje). Ndingaphinda ndiqaphele ukuba ukunika abasemagunyeni ilungelo lokucinezela okanye ukohlwaya iintlobo ezithile zentetho, kwaye nokubakhuthaza ukuba benze njalo, kungekudala kuya kukhokelela kwintetho yabo ecinezelayo. ezifana.
Ekhohlo ngokwembali bekukwinqanaba lokulwa lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, ukusuka kwababhubhisi ukuya kwi-IWW (kunye nezinye iimanyano ezininzi, enyanisweni) ukuya kumaSoshiyali ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I ukuya kwiNtshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu. Ukumka kwayo namhlanje kwezi zithethe zibekekileyo kusebubungqina obungakumbi bokuba iye yaba likhondo-nkohliso, intshukumo ekhohlo-ukuba ukuxhotyiswa kwabasemagunyeni ukuba balawule intetho ekugqibeleni kukusabela. Iyamangalisa into yokuba abantu abaninzi abazibiza ngokuba yi-anarchists bakhuthaza ukwandisa amandla e-bureaucrats angaphenduliyo ukulawula oko kuthethwayo kunye noko kungenjalo.
Kuyavunywa ukuba, isenokuba iyomeleza ingxoxo kaFinkelstein ukuze kuqwalaselwe nzulu ngakumbi iimpikiswano ezinokubakho. Kulishwa kakhulu ukuba amajelo eendaba anjengoRush Limbaugh, u-Alex Jones, kunye nesitali sonke seFox News abatshisi bentlalontle bachithe izigidi zabantu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngekhe babenayo impembelelo eyonakalisayo kangako kwiiFCC's Imfundiso yoBulungisa ayizange itshitshiswe ngowe-1987. Imiba yokumodareyithwa komxholo we-intanethi, nayo, iyangena kuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo malunga novavanyo, kwaye uFinkelstein akathethi kakhulu ngezi. Isizathu, kubonakala ngathi, akacingi ukuba i-intanethi iphakamise imibuzo emitsha kakhulu malunga nentetho yamahhala, kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko sele kukho uncwadi olubanzi kwi-censorship yewebhu.
Ukuvuka yinto eyenzekayo xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwentshukumo yabasebenzi kuqhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye i-atomization yentlalontle iba yinto edla kakhulu, kangangokuba "ikhohlo" lithatha indlela yobuntu, yokuziphatha, yengqondo, yokuvalela, ukuzenza ilungisa, indlela yokwenza inguqu kwezentlalo. .
Phakathi kwamanqaku amaninzi abalaseleyo awenzayo yileyo inqumla entliziyweni yokuvuka: ukunyanzeliswa ngokudibeneyo ngokubhala ileyibhile-ubuhlanga okanye hayi, isini okanye hayi, i-transphobic okanye hayi-kuyo yonke ingcamango edlula entlokweni yomntu kunye nayo yonke intetho ayenzayo, kwaye ke ukucima zonke ingcinga ezithi (kunye nabo bonke abantu aba) balahleka kangange-intshi edlulileyo koko kuthathwa ngokuba โkwamkelekile,โ kububudenge kwaye bayaphambana. Ikwayinto yokusabela, kuba yenza u manyano kunzima kakhulu. Esinye seziqendu ezingalibalekiyo kule ncwadi kuxa ecinga, kwenye indawo kwindalo iphela, uRobin DiAngelo owathi eneneni. ntoni ukukhathalela ukulwa ingcinezelo yabantsundu kwaye hayi nje ukugrumba iipathologies zenkcubeko. Ukuba ebenokuthetha phambi kweqela labasebenzi, ebenokuthetha into enje (akekeliswe kuntlandlolo):
Nangona ucalucalulo luyinyani kwaye kufuneka uhlale ukulungele ukulwa nalo nanini na xa liphakamisa intloko yalo embi, nonke, abamnyama nabamhlophe, nine-helluva eninzi efanayo. Nonke, Mnyama namhlophe, nivaleleke kwimisebenzi efileyo. Nonke nifumana umvuzo wentluphekoโฆ [Kufuneka] niququzelele kunye, njengomnye ngenxa yenu are enye, ukubhukuqa le nkqubo imbi, yonakeleyo, neshiyiweyo nguThixo. Awunako ukuphelisa zonke iingcinga ezidlulayo, ezingezizo iikhompyutha ezidlula entlokweni yakhoโฆ Awunakulinda de iingcinga zabantu bonke zibe nyulu. Awunaxesha, kwaye aziyi kuba njalo. Awukwazi ukupolisa iingcinga zakho, kwaye mhlawumbi kungcono ngolo hlobo. Ukuba bekungenjalo, ngewungengomntu. Uyaphazama, aniziinqanawa ezingafezekangaโฆ Ukuba nimanyene nitshintshe inkqubo, ingqondo yenu iya kuwa endaweni yayo. Ngumzabalazo oqhelekileyo, ukuzinikela okufanayo, okuvelisa intlonipho, kunye nothando olufanayo. Umdibaniso obophelelayo uya kwenziwa nguwe, umanyene kubushushu bedabi elijongene notshaba olufanayo, ngamnye ehamba ecaleni komnye, ngamnye ephakamisa omnye, ekhusela omnye. Anibi ngabantu abangcono kumntu ngamnye kuni, nibodwa, nizamana needemon zenu zocalucalulo. Niba ngabantu abangcono kuni nonke, kunye, nizabalaza ngokuchasene nenkqubo echasene nobuntuโฆ
Ukuvuka yinto eyenzekayo xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwentshukumo yabasebenzi kuqhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye i-atomization yentlalontle iba yinto edla kakhulu, kangangokuba "ikhohlo" lithatha indlela yobuntu, yokuziphatha, yengqondo, yokuvalela, ukuzenza ilungisa, indlela yokwenza inguqu kwezentlalo. .
โUmlo ochasene nobuhlanga kufuneka ugxininiseโฆkungagxininisi kwizinto ezingabambekiyo, ezingaphathekiyo, ezingaguqukiyo, ezingabonakaliyo, okanye ezingenakungqinwa, kodwa, endaweni yoko, kwizinto ezibambekayo, ezinentsingiselo, nezinokulungiswa. Okokuqala, ukufumana ithuba loqoqosho kunye nokulingana ngokusemthethweni. " Inkqubo kaSanders โyayichasa ucalucaluloโ kakhulu kuneenkqubo ezincinci zenkululeko zoninzi lwabahlalutyi bakhe. (Ngokuphathelele ukuhlaselwa kukaSanders rhoqo ukuxhasa "imbuyekezo" kwabantsundu, ndicacisile kwenye indawo kutheni loo mfuno ichasene ne-solidaristic, ayinakwenzeka kwezopolitiko, kwaye ekugqibeleni iluphambuko kwinguqu emandla yentlalo.)
Isahluko sokugqibela se Ndiza Kutshisa Laa Bridge ijonga inqanaba elithile lenkcubeko yokurhoxisa: kufanelekile nini ukuba unjingalwazi aqeqeshelwe ukuziphatha kwakhe esidlangalaleni kunye neengxelo zakhe, nokuba kumajelo asekuhlaleni okanye komnye umxholo? Lo mbandela, ewe, uxhomekeke kumsebenzi kaFinkelstein, kodwa ayinguye yedwa umfundi oye waqeqeshwa kula mashumi eminyaka akutshanje ngezityholo โzokuziphatha kakubiโ okanye ukuthatha izikhundla zezopolitiko ezingathandwayo. Isahluko sigxininiswe ngokuqinileyo kwaye sinesakhiwo esinengqeqesho ngakumbi kunabanye, ebandakanya uhlalutyo lwamatyala amane enkululeko yezemfundo (uBertrand Russell ngo-1940, uLeo Koch kwi-1960, u-Angela Davis kwi-1969, kunye noSteven Salaita kwi-2014) kwaye emva koko izibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo eziphethayo. kwingxoxo yetyala lakhe. Uxhasa umgaqo woMbutho wooNjingalwazi baseYunivesithi waseMerika wokuba โuluvo lwelungu lootitshala njengommi alunakuba sisizathu sokugxothwa ngaphandle kokuba lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukungafaneleki kwelungu lokufundisa [oko kukuthi, ukufundisa]โโnto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo. hayi ityala kwiimeko ezine azihlolayo. Kodwa uya phambili kwaye uyabuza ukuba ingaba kufanele kubonwe njengemfanelo yobuchwephesha ukuba umntu asoloko esebenzisa ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni kwi-scholarship yakhe (leyo uFinkelstein angazange ayenze xa wayebhala malunga noshishino lokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo kunye nobuxoki buka-Alan Dershowitz). Inikwe yonke invective kwi-Marx's Capital, umzekelo, le ncwadi yayingenakuze ipapashwe ngumshicileli weyunivesithi namhlanje kwaye uMarx wayengayi kufumana isikhundla kwiyunivesithi ephezulu. โKodwa ukuba izinto ezithandwa nguMarx azinakufanela ukuqeshwa kwiyunivesithi ekwinqanaba lokuqala, ayisiyiyo na le nto i-reductio ad absurdum? Ngaba ayikubonisi ngokupheleleyo ukunganyaniseki kolwimi oluqhelekileyo nolulawulekileyo?โ
Ubuncinci bunokuthiwa kuFinkelstein ukuba wenza oko akushumayelayo: incwadi yakhe, ukuyibeka ngobulali, ayikhuphi kumagama angaqhelekanga.
Umntu unokudibanisa ingxoxo ende kaFinkelstein malunga nentlalo yezemfundo kunye nokugxila kwencwadi yakhe kwipolitiki evukileyo ngokukhomba into ajolise kuyo efana nayo: ukuzixakekisa ngolwimi lobupolisa kunye nokucinga ngeendleko zokuxhalabisa ngakumbi. Izifundiswa zigxininisa ekuhlonipheni, ekuziphatheni, kulwimi "olungathathi hlangothi", oluhlala lusebenza ukunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo, ukutshabalalisa ukuphikisa, kunye nokuxhasa izakhiwo zamandla; ukuvuka kugxininisa ekubekeni iliso ngokungapheziyo kulwimi lwakho nolwabanye, enyanisweni ukwenza oko kube ngundoqo, ukuvumela abantu ukuba bazive โbeqiqileโ ngokungenzi nto ecela umngeni ukude kwizakhiwo zamandla okwenene. (Akumangalisi ukuba inkcubeko evusiweyo iye yavela kakhulu kwiziko lemfundo.) Ukwenza ubulungisa kwiNyaniso noBulungisa, nangona kunjalo, kufuna okungaphezulu koku. Kwimeko yokubhalwa kwezifundo kunye nokuthetha,
Kukho amaxesha anokufuna ngokuqinisekileyo ukukhululeka kwimiqobo ebekwe yintetho kawonke-wonke echubekileyo ukuze ivakale i-tocsin yokuba, njengoko siqhubeka ngokungakhathali kwindawo engcwele yoxolo nempumelelo, abantu abamsulwa babulawa ngurhulumente wethu. Inyaniso engeyoyabuntu, ingengawo amazwi angaphucukanga, ifanele ibe ngunobangela wongcikivo nokuthotywa, ngoxa kusenokufuneka amazwi angaphucukanga ukuze azise inyaniso engendawo.
Ubuncinci bunokuthiwa kuFinkelstein ukuba wenza oko akushumayelayo: incwadi yakhe, ukuyibeka ngobulali, ayikhuphi kumagama angaqhelekanga.
I-anti-academic
Kufuneka icace kule nto ithethwa apha ukuba Ndizoyitshisa la Bridge Xa Ndifika Kuyo yincwadi engaqhelekanga. Kufuna umonde omkhulu ukufunda, kodwa ndicinga ukuba umgudu uwufanele. Asingomsebenzi โogudisiweyoโ, kodwa kwimeko yemfundo neyoncwadi ethi ngamanye amaxesha ibonakale ixabisa ipolishi ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, kubandakanywa izinto eziziphethe kakuhle nezengqondo, ubani uyayixabisa into ekrwada ngakumbi. Kwaye umntu onesibindi soku yidilizele phantsiโukwenzela ukwakha.
UFinkelstein ukwisithethe sabaxeli benyaniso abangonakaliyo. Ubalisa ianecdote xa wayengumfundi ophumelele isidanga ePrinceton ngo-1984: umsebenzi wakhe obhentsisa eyona nkohliso yobufundiswa kungquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine uye wafumana ingqalelo encomekayo kumhleli wephephandaba. Ukuhlaziywa kweeNcwadi eNew York kunye nomhlobo wakhe (u-Arthur Hertzberg) kwiYunivesithi yase-Columbia, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba amathuba omsebenzi ayemvulela. Kodwa ke, kwintlanganiso noHertzberg, wabuzwa ngokuphandle, โNgaba usesitalini sikaChomsky?โ Nangona wayeyazi imiphumo enokubakho yokunikela impendulo ephosakeleyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo wathi wayemthanda kakhulu uChomsky kwaye wayenombulelo ngenkxaso yakheโleyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, yayiyimpendulo ephosakeleyo. Akazange aphinde eve ngamadoda. Nakuba kunjalo, โndandinelunda ngam,โ ubhala athi, โukungahendeki, konke konke, kukuthanda udumo nobutyebi, yaye ndaba nombulelo ngolu vavanyo lokuthembeka kwam kwiNyaniso (noChomsky), ukuze Ndiyakwazi ukungqina ukuba umntu wam ufile ngokungalunganga abagxeki abacinga, okanye bazithuthuzele, ukuba wonke umntu unexabiso. โ
Oko kuzibophelela okungenakugungqiswa, ukuzimisela ukungahambelani, kudityaniswe namandla engqondo, eyona nto iye yahlula uFinkelstein kuninzi loontanga bakhe. Umntu unethemba lokuba incwadi yakhe kunye nomzekelo wakhe ziya kukhuthaza abo bacinga ukuba balandele indlela yakhe.
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