Umthombo: Robertreich.org
Ubutyebi buka-Elon Musk budlule i-$200 ibhiliyoni. Kuya kuthatha umsebenzi wase-US ophakathi 4 iminyaka ezizigidi ukwenza ukuba kakhulu.
Ukungalingani kobutyebi kudla eli lizwe liphila. Ngoku sikwiXesha lesibini laseMelika, njengasemva kwexesha 19th kwinkulungwane xa iqaqobana labaphangi lalilawula uqoqosho, linciphisa imivuzo, yaye linyoba abaqulunqi bomthetho.
Ngelixa abaphangi banamhlanje bakhwela uvuyo ukuya emajukujukwini, umgama phakathi kobutyebi babo obuninzi kunye nemizabalazo yezemali yabantu baseMelika abasebenzayo awuzange ucace ngakumbi. Ngexesha le Ekuqaleni 19 Kwiinyanga zobhubhane, oosozigidi base-US bongeze i-$2.1 iitriliyoni zeerandi kubutyebi babo obudibeneyo kwaye elo nani liyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
Kwaye izityebi zinamandla aneleyo ezopolitiko ukuba zinciphise irhafu yazo phantse yonke into - ngamanye amaxesha akukho nto ngokoqobo. Ngapha koko, uJeff Bezos akazange ahlawule rhafu yengeniso yomanyano 2007 okanye ngaphakathi 2011. By 2018, i 400 abantu baseMelika abazizityebi bahlawula izinga lerhafu eliphantsi kunelo phantse nabani na ongomnye.
Kodwa asinakuyisombulula le ngxaki ngaphandle kokuba siyazi ukuba yadalwa njani kwasekuqaleni.
Masiqale ngezinto ezisisiseko.
I. Iziseko
Ukungalingani kobutyebi eMelika kukhulu kakhulu kunokungalingani kwemivuzo.
Ingeniso yinto oyifumanayo ngeveki okanye inyanga okanye unyaka. Ubutyebi bubhekisa kwisimbuku se-asethi yakho - imoto yakho, izitokhwe zakho kunye neebhondi, ikhaya lakho, ubugcisa - nantoni na enye into onayo exabisekileyo.Ixabiso kungekhona nje ngokuba kukho imarike kuyo - ixabiso abanye abantu abakulungele ukuhlawula ukuyithenga - kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubutyebi ngokwabo bukhula.
Njengoko abantu besanda kwaye nesizwe siba nemveliso ngakumbi, uqoqosho ngokubanzi luyaqhubeka ukwanda. Olu lwando lutyhalela phezulu amaxabiso esitokhwe, iibhondi, iipropathi ezirentwayo, amakhaya, kunye nezinye ii-asethi ezininzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukudodobala koqoqosho kunye nokudandatheka ngamaxesha athile kunokunciphisa ixabiso lempahla enjalo. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ixabiso phantse bonke ubutyebi ukwanda.
Isifundo: Ubutyebi budibana ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Okulandelayo: ubutyebi bomntu buvela kwimithombo emibini. Umthombo wokuqala yingeniso oyifumanayo kodwa ungayisebenzisi. Lugcino lwakho olo. Xa utyala imali egciniweyo kwizitokhwe, iibhondi, okanye kwipropathi yokwenyani okanye ezinye ii-asethi, wenza ubutyebi bakho bobuqu-othi, njengoko sibonile, bukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Umthombo wesibini wobutyebi bomntu yiyo nayiphi na into enikelwe kuwe kubazali bakho, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, kwaye mhlawumbi nezizukulwana ezingaphambi kwabo - ngamanye amazwi, into oyizuzayo.
Isifundo: Ubutyebi bomntu buvela kwimali oyongileyo kunye/okanye kwilifa lakho.
II. Kutheni umsantsa wobutyebi uqhuma
Umsantsa wobutyebi phakathi kwabona bantu bazizityebi baseMelika kunye naye wonke umntu uyakhwankqisa.
Kwi 1970s, abona bazizityebi 1 ipesenti ephethwe malunga 20 ipesenti yobutyebi bekhaya bubonke belizwe. Ngoku, bangabanikazi 35 pesenti.
Uninzi lweenzuzo zabo kwixesha elidlulileyo 40 iminyaka ivela ekunyukeni okumangalisayo kwexabiso lezabelo zesitokhwe.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntu utyale i-$1,000 in 1978 kwisalathiso esibanzi sesitokhwe - yithi, i-S&P 500 - bona ingaba ne-$31,823 namhlanje, ilungelelaniselwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngoobani abaye bangenelwa kolu tyando? Ezona zizityebi 1 ipesenti, ngubani ngoku isiqingatha semarike yonke yemasheya. Kodwa ke Umvuzo womsebenzi oqhelekileyo awunayo i-gryeyakho.
Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika aluzange lube njalo efunyenwe ngokwaneleyo ukuba ulondoloze nantoni na. Ngaphambi kobhubhane, xa uqoqosho lwalubonakala luqhuba kakuhle, aphantse 80 ekhulwini bebephila umvuzo wokuhlawula.
Isifundo: Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abenzi ngokwaneleyo ukugcina imali kunye nokwakha ubutyebi.
Ke njengoko ukungalingani kwengeniso kuye kwanda, isixa esigcinwe ngamakhaya ambalwa anemivuzo ephezulu - ubutyebi babo - buqhubekile nokukhula. Ubutyebi babo obukhulayo bubavumele ukuba badlulisele ubutyebi obuninzi kwiindlalifa zabo.
Thatha, umzekelo, iiWaltons - usapho olusemva kobukumkani beWalmart - olunesNditsho neendlalifa kuluhlu lweebhiliyoni zeForbes. Abantwana babo, kunye nabanye abazizityebi beminyaka eyiwaka, kungekudala baya kudibanisa ngakumbi ubutyebi besizwe. IMelika ngoku ikwincopho yokudluliselwa kobutyebi kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Njengoko i-boomers ecebileyo idlula, kwindawo ethile phakathi kweedola30 ukuba $70 iitriliyoni ziya kubantwana babo kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu izayo.
Aba bantwana baya kukwazi ukuphila ngobu butyebi, kwaye emva koko bashiye ubuninzi babo - obuya kuqhubeka bukhula - kubantwana babo ... ngaphandle kwerhafu. Emva kwezizukulwana ezimbalwa zoku, phantse bonke ubutyebi baseMelika bunokuba sezandleni zamawaka ambalwa eentsapho.
Isifundo: Ubutyebi obunamandla buyaqhubeka bukhula.
III. Kutheni ukugxila kobutyebi kuyingxaki
Ubutyebi obugqwesileyo sele bubeka emngciphekweni idemokhrasi yethu. Ubutyebi abuzali nje ubutyebi obuninzi - buvelisa ngakumbi amandla.
Ubutyebi beDynastic bugxininisa amandla ezandleni zabantu abambalwa nabambalwa, abanokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi imibutho engenzi nzuzo kunye nenkxaso yokuxhasa kunye nabapolitiki ukuba babhalise. Oku kunika abantu abaphezulu abangakhethwanga amandla amakhulu kuqoqosho lwethu kunye nedemokhrasi yethu.
Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, siya kufana nohlobo lwee-dynasties eziqhelekileyo kwii-aristocracies zaseYurophu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, yeshumi elinesibhozo kunye neyeshumi elinesithoba.
Ubutyebi beDynastic buyenza intlekisa imbono yokuba iMelika yintando yesininzi, apho nabani na angayenza ngesiseko semizamo yakhe. Kwakhona iphikisana neembono zoqoqosho ezisisiseko zokuba abantu barhola oko bakuxabisayo emarikeni, kwaye iinzuzo zoqoqosho kufuneka ziye kwabo zibafaneleyo.
Okokugqibela, ukugxininiswa kobutyebi kukhulisa ukungafani kwesini kunye nobuhlanga kuba abafazi kunye nabantu bebala bathanda ukwenza okuncinci, ukonga okuncinci, kunye nelifa elincinci.
Owasetyhini ongatshatanga ungabanini kuphela 32 iisenti zobutyebi ngedola nganye yobutyebi bomntu. Ubhubhani kusenokwenzeka ukuba wandise lo msantsa.
Umsantsa wobutyebi bobuhlanga ubonakala ngakumbi. Eqhelekileyo Indlu emnyama umnikazi nje 13 iisenti zobutyebi ngedola nganye yobutyebi bomzi omhlophe oqhelekileyo. Ubhubhane kusenokwenzeka ukuba wonyuse lo msantsa, nawo.
Ngazo zonke ezi ndlela, ubutyebi be-dynastic budala i-self-perpetuing aristocracy ephikisana neenjongo esithi siphila ngazo.
Isifundo: Ubutyebi obunamandla budala ubuhandiba obuziqhubelayo.
IV. Indlela iMelika yajongana ngayo nokungalingani kobutyebi ngexesha leXesha lokuQala eliGidiweyo
Ixesha lokugqibela iMelika ijongana nayo nantoni na enokuthelekiswa nokuxinana kobutyebi esijongene nabo namhlanje kwakusekuphelweni kwe 20th kwinkulungwane. Kulapho uMongameli Teddy Roosevelt walumkisa ukuba"udidi oluncinane lwamadoda azizityebi kakhulu kwaye anamandla ngokwezoqoqosho, injongo yawo ephambili ikukubamba nokwandisa amandla aboโ inokutshabalalisa idemokhrasi yaseMelika.
Impendulo kaRoosevelt yayikukurhafisa ubutyebi. ICongress yenze iindidi ezimbini zeerhafu zobutyebi. Eyokuqala, kwi 1916, ibinguye Irhafu yelifaโ- irhafu kubutyebi umntu abuqokelele ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, ehlawulwe ziindlalifa ezizuze lo butyebi.
Irhafu yesibini kubutyebi, eyenziwe ngo 1922, yayingu- irhafu yokufumana imaliโ- irhafu kwixabiso elongeziweyo le-asethi, ehlawulwa xa ezo mpahla zithengiswa.
Isifundo: Irhafu yendawo kunye nerhafu yenzuzo eyinkunzi yenzelwe ukuthomalalisa ukuxinana kobutyebi.
Kodwa zombini ezi rhafu zobutyebi ziye zancipha ukusukela ngoko, okanye ziye zaxakwa yimingxuma kangangokuba abakhange bakwazi ukunqanda i-aristocracy entsha yaseMelika ukuba ivele.
Ukucuthwa kwerhafu ye-Trump Republican kwenza abantu ngabanye ukuba bangabandakanyi i-$11.18 izigidi kwirhafu yezindlu zabo. Oko kuthetha ukuba isibini sinokudlula ngaphezulu kwe $22 izigidi to abantwana babo abahlawuliswa rhafu. Singasathethi ke abazizityebi badla ngokufumana iindlela ezijikeleze le rhafu ngokupheleleyo. Njengomlawuli weBhunga lezoQoqosho leSizwe likaTrump UGary Cohn uthi,"ngamageza kuphela ahlawula irhafu yezindlu.โ
Kuthekani ngenzuzo eyinkunzi ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso labantu abazizityebi, iibhondi, izindlu ezinkulu nemisebenzi yobugcisa? Apha, eyona ndawo inkulu yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi"isiseko sonyuselo. " Ukuba izityebi zibambelela kwezi zinto zide zife, iindlalifa zazo ziyilifa ngaphandle kokuhlawula nayiphi na irhafu yenzuzo enkulu. Lonke ixabiso elonyusiweyo lezo asethi licinywa ngokulula, ngeenjongo zerhafu. Lo kroba usindisa iindlalifa kuqikelelo $40 zigidi unyaka.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ubutyebi obuninzi obusezandleni zemizi embalwa ngokwentelekiso bunokudluliselwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye ngaphandle kwerhafu - ukukhula endleleni - ukuvelisa ingeniso ekhululekileyo kwinzala ezizityebi engasokuze isebenze imini yobomi babo. Leyo yiklasi ye-dynastic esiyidalayo ngoku.
Isifundo: Irhafu yendawo kunye nerhafu yenzuzo enkulu iye yachithwa.
Kutheni ezi rhafu zimbini zobutyebi zikhutshiwe? Kuba, njengoko ubutyebi baseMelika bugxile kwizandla ezimbalwa nezimbalwa, izityebi zinamandla amakhulu okunikela kumaphulo ezopolitiko kunye nobudlelwane boluntu - kwaye basebenzise amandla ezopolitiko ukunciphisa irhafu yabo. Yiloo nto kanye uTeddy Roosevelt wayeyoyika kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.
V. Indlela yokunciphisa umsantsa wobutyebi
Senza ntoni ke? Landela ubulumko bukaTeddy Roosevelt kunye nerhafu enkulu yokuqokelela ubutyebi.
Abazizityebi kakhulu baye baxhamla kwinkqubo yaseMelika - kwimithetho ekhusela ubutyebi babo, kunye noqoqosho lwethu olubenze bakwazi ukwakha ubutyebi babo kwasekuqaleni. Bafanele bahlawule isabelo sabo esilungileyo.
Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika, amaDemocrats kunye namaRiphabhlikhi, bakholelwa ukuba Izityebi eziphezulu kufuneka zihlawule iirhafu eziphezulu. Zininzi iindlela zokubenza ukuba benze njalo: ukuvala isiseko esonyukileyo, ukunyusa irhafu yenzuzo eyinkunzi, kunye nokuxhasa ngemali ngokupheleleyo iNkonzo yeNgeniso yaNgaphakathi ukuze ibe nokuphicotha ngokufanelekileyo abona bahlawuli berhafu abazizityebi, kubaqalayo.
Ngaphaya kwezo zilungiso, sifuna irhafu entsha yobutyebi: irhafu yobulungisa 2 ekhulwini ngonyaka kubutyebi obungaphezu kweedola1 izigidi. Oko akuyonto yehla kwibhakethi yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni ezinjengoJeff Bezos kunye no-Elon Musk, kodwa iya kuvelisa ingeniso eninzi yokutyala imali kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo ukuze izigidi zabantu baseMelika babe nokudubula okufanelekileyo ekuyenzeni.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuthi uzenze njengomntu kukuthatha ixesha lokuqonda iinyani zokungalingani kobutyebi eMelika kunye nendlela inkqubo eye yabanjwa ngayo ixhasa abo baphezulu - kwaye ufune ukuba abameli bakho bezopolitiko bathathe inyathelo lokuyisusa. .
Ukungalingani kobutyebi kubi kakhulu kunokuba bekunjalo kwinkulungwane - kwaye kube negalelo kumjikelo okhohlakeleyo wezopolitiko noqoqosho apho iirhafu zithotywa phezulu, okukhokelela ekugxininiseni ngakumbi kobutyebi apho - ngelixa wonke umntu ephila phantsi kolona hlobo lukhohlakeleyo ubungxowankulu emhlabeni.
Kufuneka siwuyeke lo mjikelo ukhohlakeleyo - kwaye sifune uqoqosho olusebenzela abaninzi, hayi olo lugxile kubutyebi obuninzi ezandleni zabambalwa abanelungelo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela