Ocosingo, eChiapas nge-19 kaJulayi.
'Imfazwe eqatha' iyatshisa kwakhona ngokuchasene nooMasipala abaZimeleyo kwindawo engqonge izixeko zaseOcosingo naseAltamirano. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko nge-paramilitarization, ekhuthazwa ngamaqela e-PRI kunye neenkokheli kwaye zihlala zihlawulwa ngurhulumente omtsha kunye noorhulumente bamazwe.
Kummandla osemantla weChiapas, nakwinxalenye esemantla yeSelva Lacandona, i-paramilitarization iye yaphinda yafumana i-niche phakathi kweqela lokufundisa likarhulumente [funda urhulumente wangaphambili, iPRI] (ethi, ngokuchaseneyo, isebenzise onke amathuba. ukucaphukisa urhulumente kaPablo Salazar Mendiguchรa). Umgca wokuqhubekeka phakathi kwamacandelo e-SNTE [umanyano lootitshala abaxhasa urhulumente] kunye namaqela e-paramilitary (esele ibhalwe kakuhle kakhulu kwimeko yoXolo noBulungisa kunye nobudlelwane babo neqela le-Socama, inxalenye ye-SNTE) iyaphindwa kwakhona kwi-Ricardo. UMasipala waseFlores Magรยณn Autonomous Municipality, apho ootitshala kwiPRI enclave yaseSanto Domingo, kwintlambo yegama elifanayo, 'baququzelela' ngokuphandle 'ngokuchaseneyo.' Yiyo loo nto abakhi-mkhanyo abahlukeneyo bommandla becinga ukuba indawo esemantla yeChiapas ekufutshane nelizwe laseTabasco - i-PRI bastion eqinile - ibalulekile (iTabasco, ootitshala abaxhasa urhulumente, iPRI 'entsha'โฆ).
Ngokunxuseneyo nale nto, zonke iintlobo zoluntu - ukuba sithetha - uxinzelelo lomkhosi luyanda. I-Miguel Hidalgo Autonomous Council iye yagxeka ukuba igagasi lokuxhatshazwa liye laveliswa kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ngokuchasene ne-EZLN isiseko se-campesinos esithatha iimveliso zabo ukuze bazithengise kwiimarike zase-Amatenango del Valle, eTeopisca naseComitan. I-PRI 'abalawuli' bezi marike baye baphakamisa iirhafu zabo. 'Baphezulu kakhulu,' latsho igunya elizimeleyo. Isizathu siyadalwa sokujikela [i-campesinos] emapoliseni.
KuMasipala waseOlga Isabel oZimelayo, abasemagunyeni batyhola ngelithi kuye kwakho intshutshiso nezisongelo emva kokuhlala eCrucero San Antonio, apho iizapatistas zazimisa ukwakhiwa kwendlela. IiPRIs zasekuhlaleni (umasipala osemthethweni waseChilรยณn) kunye namapolisa ayejikeleza ekhangela 'ngubani okhokela loo mbutho.'
Iipatroli ngamaPolisa eNkundla zisaqhuba nanamhlanje kwiindawo ezizimeleyo ezikufutshane neChilรยณn-Bachajรยณn stretch. Ibhunga likaOlga Isabel lafuna 'iyeke loo ntshutshiso.'
Umkhosi uyaqhubeka, kwaye yonke into ibonisa ukuba iyakhula. Kwezi veki zimbini zidlulileyo, iintshukumo zomkhosi omkhulu phakathi kwe-Ocosingo kunye neRancho Nuevo - kunye nokujikeleza phakathi kwe-Bachajรยณn kunye neChilรยณn - ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwakhona.
Kwixesha elifutshane eligqithileyo i-patrol yoMkhosi yamisa kwi-Cuxulja crossroads, iwaka leemitha ukusuka kuluntu lwase-Moises Gandhi, 'yawela' indawo yokuhlala ye-EZLN iziseko zenkxaso (ezasekwa kwiinyanga ezininzi ezidlulileyo ukuze kukhuselwe ipropati) kwaye wangena ivenkile yasekuhlaleni yooMasipala abaZimeleyo. Amajoni, ezenza ngathi athenga ezivenkileni, agrogrisa ngelithi 'aza kuzikhupha apha ii-zapatistas.' I-Ernesto Che Guevara ye-Autonomous Council yagxeka isiganeko ngelo xesha 'njengesixhokonxa soMkhosi.'
Kwintlanganiso yamabhunga kamasipala asixhenxe alo mmandla uzimele geqe โ ebibanjwe kule veki โ abane kuwo baye bavumelana kwidenuncia enye, ecebise ukuba kungenzeka ukuba โizixhoboโ zebhaktiriya nazo zisetyenziswe ngokuchasene noluntu oluxhathisayo. Nangona kubonakala kungaqhelekanga, amagunya azimeleyo aseVicente Guerrero, 17 de Noviembre, Primero de Enero kunye no-Ernesto Che Guevara, bonke babika amava afanayo.
Kwezi veki zidlulileyo, iinqwelo-moya kunye neenqwelo-ntaka, ezingabonakali ngathi zezomkhosi, beziwisa 'iibhokisi ezineempukane' emoyeni, ezihlasela ngokukhawuleza emaphandleni nasezilalini. Ngenxa yoko, iintsapho zonke ziye zehla ngokugabha kunye norhudo, kwaye abanye abantwana baye bagula kakhulu, ngakumbi ePatria Nueva naseJerusalen, iidolophu ezikufuphi ne-Ocosingo kunye neTonina yomkhosi, ngokulandelelana.
Abasemagunyeni baseChe Guevara bakhumbula ukuba kwiminyaka ethile edlulileyo, ngexesha lokunyuka koomasipala abazimeleyo, iinqwelomoya zawisa iibhokisi 'ezineempuku kunye neempuku, ezitye umbona.' Kamva, loo 'bhombardment' yayeka.*
Ukuba 'imvula yeempukane inento yokwenza 'nephulo lezempilo', akukho mntu ucele imvume kuluntu (okanye nokubazisa) ukuba balahle ezo bhokisi zifana ne-Pandora emasimini abo. Ngeli xesha, 'iziphumo zesibambiso' ezifunyanwa ngabemveli zibeka ubomi babo emngciphekweni.
********************************************** ********************** * [Kwinzame zokubeka oku kungasentla ngendlela eyiyo, ndiqhoboshela inxalenye engcono yengxelo eneenkcukacha ngendlela engakholelekiyo, ebanzi negxekayo. I-CIEPAC [ciepac.org] yenze ngalo mbandela. Kumzamo, ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na, ndicinga ukuba, ukulungisa imfuno yokuโฆnika ingqalelo โ irl] **************************** ***************************************** Isizathu seempuku [NgoNovemba 14, 1999] Kungquzulwano lwezixhobo, xa ukunyanzeliswa komkhosi oxhobileyo kunganelanga, ngenxa yokuba utshaba, ngamaxesha amaninzi, โlunolwazi oluphangaleleyo,โ kunzima ukuluhlasela okanye, nangayiphi na imeko, lomelele kunokuba bekulindelwe. Iintlobo zemfazwe kubhenelwa kuzo ukuze kujongelwe phantsi uluntu kunye nabemi. I-Low Intensity Warfare, ebonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ijolise ekwaphuleni iziseko zentlangano yentshukumo yabavukeli, ibeka iikona, ihlazekile, kwaye ilungele, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukujongela phantsi umoya wenguqu, kungekhona nje iziseko zenkxaso. kodwa nakwabalwayo. Xa imikhosi ekhusela amandla abekiweyo ingenalo ummandla ophantsi kolawulo, kwaye iswele ulwazi malunga neemeko zejografi yeentaba, akunakwenzeka ukuba iqhubele phambili ngokuchasene notshaba ukuze imoyise, kwaye, ke, ibhenela kuyo. ezinye iindlela zokulwa. Kule meko, iBiological Warfare, okukuphindwa nje okunye kwamava oMkhosi wase-United States eVietnam, Cuba nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zokusetyenziswa defoliants kunye izitshizi kwi Selva Lacandona, ngo-Agasti ka-1994, i EZLN, ngokusebenzisa communique, wagxeka fumigation ukuba abemi belizwe zithotyelwe ngeenxa zonke ezingqonge uhola wendlela Comitan-Altamirano. NgoNovemba 2, 1998, kuluntu lwaseGuadalupe Carrizal - ngaphambili u-Emiliano Zapata - kumasipala waseLa Independencia, inqwelomoya ye-MOSCAMED yadlula, itshiza i-apiary enezinyosi ze-29, apho i-16 yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-13 yonakaliswa ngokungenakulungiseka. . Ubusi, obabukwinqanaba lokuqokelelwa, balahleka. Ukulandela uthethathethwano kunye nokugxeka kwi-MOSCAMED, bafumana imbuyekezo kwisixa se-12,000 pesos (incwadi yokuchasa evela kuluntu).
Yeempuku, amaxoxo kunye neenyoka
Nangona le yinyanga yosuku lwabafileyo, akufanele ukholelwe ukuba lo mbhalo ongezantsi ubhekisela kwitheko lempahla okanye ngobusuku beHalloween. Ibhekisela ekubonakalisweni kwenqanaba elitsha kwimfazwe eqhutywa kwenye inxalenye yeentaba zaseChiapas. Kwiinyanga ezimbini ngoku, abantu bomthonyama bengingqi ye-'Tierra y Libertad 'bagxeka kumaphephandaba kunye noluntu ngendlela abachatshazelwa ngayo yiNkqubo ye-Mediterranean Fly (MOSCAMED). Bexhalabile ngemeko yabo, olu luntu lulandelayo ludibene ngalo mhla wama-28 kuOktobha ukuze luxoxe ngemiphumo abalufumanayo ekusetyenzisweni kweNkqubo yeMeditera Fly Programme (inkqubo eyilelwe ukulwa olo hlobo lweempukane ezingeniswa kwiziqhamo): INuevo San Juan , Nuevo Huixtan, Matzam, Jerusalen, Santo Domingo, Monte Cristo, Salto de Agua, San Andres, San Mateo, San Francisco, San Antonio Los Montes, Trinidad Anexo La Revancha, San Jose el Zapotal, Saltillo, Nuevo San Antonio, Constituciรยณn, Caracolito, San Carlos, Rizo de Oro, Rancho Alegre, Santa Rita Bella Illusiรยณn, Poza Rica, Jose Castillo Tielmans, Monte Flor, Flor de Cafe, Zacualtipan, Tziscao kunye nePena Blanca - zonke ziphantsi koomasipala baseLas Margaritas naseLa I-Trinitaria kwingingqi yeBorder kunye neGuatemala.
Balungise neleta abayithumele kumajelo eendaba, nathi siyifumene. Ukuze sikuqonde ngakumbi oko kwakuqhubeka, sathabatha uhambo lwaya kuloo mmandla ukuze siqokelele inkcazelo engakumbi. Kuluntu lwaseFrancisco I. Madero, kufuphi kakhulu neRancho La Flores yokuhlola umkhosi, sifumene uhlobo lwe-warehouse MOSCAMED, ehlala edlelweni. Apho sabona i-cab yeTrayila enombhalo omkhulu othi MOSCAMED, inqwelo-ntaka ebomvu kunye nemigqomo emininzi enombhalo ofanayo. Sithe xa sithetha nabanye abantu basekuhlaleni (kuquka iZapatista sympathizers kunye ne PRI militants), basicacisele ukuba le ndawo besigqiba kudlula kuyo kulapho abasebenzi baseMOSCAMED behamba mihla le besiya kutshiza lo mmandla, belahla iingxowa ezineengcongconi. , iigundane, amaxoxo kunye neenyoka ezivela kwii-helicopter, ngaphandle kokunika nayiphi na ingcaciso.
Kuphela kuluntu lwaseCastillo Tielmans - ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwabahlali - umsebenzi waseMOSCAMED uthe iimpuku kunye neenyoka abazibona ziphuma kwiingxowa kufuneka zidle iimpukane. Ngesizathu sokulwa neMeditera Fly, batshiza iintaba namasimi ekofu aloo mmandla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amagqabi emithi ome ngenxa yoko yaye iimbotyi zekofu ezithambileyo zingakwazi ukuvuthwa zize โzome.โ Kwileta yabo besiya kuluvo loluntu, abakwaCampesinos bathi: โUkungavisisani esikuvileyo kulo mmandla, ngeso sizathu sigxeka inkqubo yeempukane, yonakalisa uluntu lwethu ngezityalo zethu ezifana ne: ikofu, umbona, iimbotyi, iiorenji, imango, ipapa, igwinya, kwaye kwezinye iindawo zale ndawo zininzi izibetho zeempuku neenyoka ezithi inkqubo yeempukane iphoswe ngaphandle kweenqwelomoya okanye kwiinqwelomoya, sicela ngoku ukuba le nkqubo isuswe kummandla wethu'
Incoko yethu nabahlali balo mmandla iyalandela. Basixelela ukuba iimpuku ziwutya umbona, 'ngoku aziwuyeki uvuthwe, kwaye ziwutya usemncinci kakhulu, xa sifuna ukugawula umbona, akukho nto ngaphandle kwamakhoba. Kuzobanzima kakhulu kuthi ngoku ngoba asizukutya nokutya, kwaye ukuba ikofu ayingeni, asizukwazi ukuthenga izinto evenkileni. ndiya kulamba, kufika ehlotyeni.' 'Kuqhubeka ntoni ngeenyoka? 'Khangela, nantsi indawo, intaba neSelva, esele ineenyoka. Kodwa asizange sizibone ezinje kule ndawo ngoku.
Kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu ezidlulileyo, eCastillo Tielmans, i-compaรยฑeros yahamba yaza yagqogqa ingxowa eyayisandul' ukuphoswa yinqwelo-ntaka, kwaye yayineenyoka ezincinci, kodwa ziyakhula.' 'Kusenzeka into efanayo nakwiimpuku. Bazijula โโngolo hlobo kwiingxowa ezincinci, bazisasaze phezu kwentaba baze bakhule, bayingozi kuthi xa sisentabeni.' 'Bazilahla iingcongconi naphi na apho bathanda khona, baze bazalise yonke indawo, kwaye xa besiluma ulusu lwethu luyadumba luze lube bomvu.' 'Kunjalo.' 'Ukuba unokubaxelela apho, kwi-arhente ethile okanye igosa likarhulumente, ukuba asisafuni inkqubo yeempukane apha, kuba beza kuphela ukuza kumosha kunye nokutshabalalisa izityalo zethu.' Izityalo zeMveliso yeeNtshukuyezi EziyiNzalo kunye neBarrenador Cattle Larvae zii-arhente ezimbini ezisemthethweni ezinezityalo zemveliso ezikoomasipala baseChiapa de Corzo kunye neMetapa de Domรnguez. Basebenza kunye ne-80% yenkunzi yase-United States kunye ne-20% yenkunzi yelizwe. Basebenza kwiinkqubo ezijolise ekulweni iBarrenador Cattle Larvae kunye neMeditera Fly.
Kodwa, kumatyeli aliqela, imibutho yasekuhlaleni kwabo masipala iye yasigxeka isixa songcoliseko lweradioactive olukhutshelwa kwimilambo yendawo, ngakumbi kwiGrijalva. Uluntu oluye lwachatshazelwa koku kungcoliseka iminyaka ngoku yiRivera de Copia eChiapa de Corzo kunye nabahlali ababekwe kufutshane neziko lokuhambisa kumasipala wase-Ocozocoautla, abaye banengxaki yokuphefumla. Phakathi kwezigxeko zezi zityalo, sinazo ezo zisuka ngomhla we-13 ukuya kowama-29 kuDisemba ngowe-1987, xa iphephandaba likarhulumente i-Numero Uno lapapasha uthotho lwamanqaku apho babegxeka umonakalo owenziwe liziko lokuvelisa i-Sterile Fly. Bakwachaza ukuba ngabasebenzi baseMntla Melika kuphela abanokufikelela kwiindawo apho imibungu yayiveliswa khona. Ebudeni belo xesha, abasebenzi ababephantsi kwecandelo 74 leFly Production Workers Union nabo bagxeka, ngematshi kunye nokuhlala, ukonakala okubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, kwanabasebenzi abasebenza apho. Ekuphenduleni ubunzima bengxaki, i-Union for the Defense of the Interests of Chiapa de Corzo (ummeli wabo nguDkt. Alberto Vargas Domรnguez), kunye neenkokeli zeFly Institute, zaseka iqela eliququzelelayo ukuze liboleke ubunzima obukhulu. kwiziqalekiso nakwizikhokelo zezityalo ezisisiphumo. Ngelo xesha, abasebenzi be-MOSCAMED e-Metapa de Domรnguez baphinde babambe iindawo ezininzi zokuyeka umsebenzi ekuxhaseni ukusekwa kweemeko ezingcono zokusebenza, ngenxa yokuba iipeni ze-radioactive zazibangela i-mucosity, izifo zokuphefumula kwe-bronchial, isicaphucaphu kunye neentloko. Ukuphendula kuxinzelelo olungaka, uMthunywa oNgaphantsi kweSEDUE, uRodolfo Robles Solรs, watsibela ukukhusela iFly Production Plants, esithi: 'Umlambo iGrijalva ufumana amanzi ashiyekileyo kunye nongcoliseko oluvela kumthombo wawo kwingingqi yasePeten eGuatemala, ukongeza kwiilitha ze-3000 okwesibini ifumana kumanzi amnyama e-Tuxtla Gutierrez '(iphephandaba i-El Orbe, ngoMeyi 29, 1990).
I-Sterile Fly Production Plant e-Chiapa de Corzo isebenze ukususela ngo-Agasti ka-1972, ukuze ivelise iimpukane ukulwa ne-Barrenador Cattle Larva, njenge-Mediterranean Fly, kungekhona eMexico naseGuatemala kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Merika. โฆ Le yinto ebisoloko igxekwa ixesha elide. Ezi zigxeko ziphinde zisebenze namhlanje, kuba, kungekhona nje abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo, kodwa ikwasetyenziswa njengenxalenye yesicwangciso se-Biological War ezintabeni kunye neSelva yaseChiapas. Abazami ukulwa neMeditera Fly, kodwa kunoko ukuchasana kwabantu baseNdiya, abakhethe ukuqinisa ukuchasana kwabo nje ngokuba urhulumente kaMongameli u-Ernesto Zedillo engenzi iSivumelwano saseSan Andres kwiMiba yamaLungelo oMthonyama kunye neNkcubeko. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba ngoku abantu baphinde babuyisa isidima sabo ngokungavumi ukuthatha nantoni na kurhulumente, ngaphandle kokuba ngesidima, kwaye njengenxalenye yento yabo ngelungelo nebeyivinjwa iminyaka emininzi yi-PRI. I-Onecimo Hidalgo Centre for Economic and Political Investigations of Community Action, AC CIEPAC lilungu leMovement for Democracy and Life (MDV) yaseChiapas, iMexican Network of Action Against Free Trade (RMALC) www.rmalc.org.mx , Ukudityaniswa kweeNtshukumo zaBantu baseMelika (COMPA ) www.sitiocompa.org, iNethiwekhi yoXolo eChiapas, iVeki yeBiological and Cultural Diversity www.laneta.apc.org/biodiversidad kunye neForam yaMazwe ngaMazwe 'Abantu Phambi kweGlobalization ', Ezizezinye kwiPPP http://usuarios.tripod.es/xelaju/xela.htm
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