Idemokhrasi isenokuba iye yakhuthazwa njengeyona nkqubo igqwesileyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zobupolitika, kodwa kudala iluhlobo olunqabileyo lorhulumente wokwenene. Kunzima kulo naluphi na ulawulo ngokupheleleyo ukuba luphile ngokwentando yesininzi yokuba abomeleleyo mabaphathe ababuthathaka kakuhle nokuba nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya kufuneka kugwetywe ngokunyanisekileyo nangokungagogotye lutho.
Kukho iindlela ezintlanu eziyimfuneko: unyulo oluvulelekileyo; ubukho benkcaso elungelelanisiweyo, nekhululekileyo yezopolitiko; ukwamkelwa komgaqo wokuba amandla anokutshintsha izandla; ubukho benkqubo yenkundla ezimeleyo; kunye nenkululeko yamajelo eendaba. Kwanamazwe edemokhrasi anokuthi ahlangabezane nazo zonke ezi zinto, anjengeFransi okanye iBritani, kangangexesha elide ebebandeza amabhinqa ilungelo lokuvota yaye engawakhathaleli amalungelo abantu ababephantsi kolawulo lobukoloniyali.
Phezu kwabo nje ubunzima obunjalo, idemokhrasi iye yaphantse yafikeleleka ehlabathini lonke, ekuqaleni eUnited States ebudeni bomongameli kaWoodrow Wilson (1913-21), kwaza emva koko ngokubanzi emva kokuphela kwemfazwe yomlomo nokuwohloka kweSoviet Union. Isiphelo sembali sabhengezwa, ngezizathu zokuba kwakungasekho nto yokuthintela zonke izizwe ngenye imini ukuba zifumane amawele amawele oqoqosho lwemarike kunye nommeli wedemokhrasi.
Kodwa ezo njongo ziye zajika zaba ziimfundiso ezingenakuphikiswa, ezivumela uMongameli uGeorge Bush ukuba agunyazise isenzo somkhosi eIraq kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentuthumbo kwiintolongo ezifihlakeleyo kumhlaba wangaphandle, kunye nokuthethelela ukuphathwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwamabanjwa eGuantanamo Bay, egwetywe yiKomishoni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ingxelo yamalungelo oluntu kunye nesigqibo sepalamente yaseYurophu.
Ngaphandle kolu lwaphulo-mthetho lunobuzaza, i-US ayinako ukoyika malunga nokuzibeka njengomlamli wehlabathi jikelele wokuthotyelwa kwedemokhrasi. Ulawulo lukaBush lunomkhwa wokuphawula abachasi njengabangenademokhrasi, okanye njengamazwe arhabaxa kunye neendawo ezingaphandle zengcinezelo. Ekuphela kwendlela yokutshintsha kukuququzelela unyulo olukhululekileyo.
Kodwa ngolu lonyulo lukhululekileyo yonke into ixhomekeke kwisiphumo. U-Hugo Chavez unyulwe njengomongameli waseVenezuela amaxesha amaninzi ukususela ngo-1998, phantsi kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi eqinisekiswa ngabakhi-mkhanyo bamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye uya kungenisa kwakhona kwivoti ngoDisemba 2006. Kuninzi okulungileyo kungamenzela. I-US, eyaxhasa ubhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga ngo-Epreli ka-2002, iyaqhubeka nokumhlasela, imbiza ngokuba yingozi kwidemokhrasi.
I-Iran, iPalestine kunye neHaiti zibonisa ukuba akusanele ukuba unyulwe ngedemokhrasi. Unyulo lwase-Iran lukaJuni ka-2005 ludibene nemvume yehlabathi jikelele. Inani elikhulu labavoti likwazile ukukhetha phakathi kwabagqatswa abamele uluhlu olubanzi lwezimvo ezahlukeneyo ngokwesakhelo sobuSilamsi obusemthethweni. Umgqatswa othandwayo waseNtshona, u-Ali Akbar Rafsanjani, ulwe iphulo eliqaqambileyo kwaye bekulindeleke ukuba aphumelele. Akukho mntu wathetha ngesisongelo senyukliya. Kodwa yonke into yatshintsha ngokukhawuleza emva koloyiso lukaMahmoud Ahmadinejad, owenze uthotho lwezibhengezo ezingamkelekanga malunga noSirayeli.
I-Iran ihlaselwa yidemon ngokukhawuleza. Nangona ityikitye isivumelwano sokunganyangeki kwenyukliya kwaye iwakhanyela nawaphi na amabhongo omkhosi enyukliya, umphathiswa wezangaphandle waseFransi, uPhilippe Douste-Blazy, kutshanje wayityhola ngokulandela 'inkqubo yenyukliya yasemkhosini eyimfihlo'(1). Unobhala welizwe laseMelika, uCondoleezza Rice, sele elibale ukhetho lonyaka odlulileyo kwaye ucele iCongress $ 75m ukukhuthaza idemokhrasi e-Iran.
Kuye kwenzeka into efanayo ePalestina. I-US kunye ne-European Union yagxininisa kunyulo lwedemokhrasi yokwenene ebekwe esweni ngumkhosi wababukeli bangaphandle, kuphela ukukhaba isiphumo ngenxa yokuba abayithandi abaphumeleleyo, umbutho we-Islamo-nationalist Hamas, oye waba noxanduva kwixesha elidlulileyo. ngokuhlaselwa kwabemi bakwaSirayeli.
EHaiti uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lwalunqwenela ukuthintela unyulo lukaRene Preval ngenxa yokunxulumana kwakhe nowayesakuba ngumongameli, uJean-Bertrand Aristide, onyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi kodwa wabhukuqwa ngo-2004. Kodwa phezu kwayo nje imizamo yabo emihle, uPreval wonyulwa njengomongameli nge-7 kaFebruwari.
UWinston Churchill wathi 'idemokhrasi lolona hlobo lorhulumente lumbi ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezinye iindlela eziye zazanywa amaxesha ngamaxesha' . Into ebonakala ibacaphukisa abantu ngoku kukungakwazi kwabo ukumisela kwangaphambili umphumo wonyulo. Ukuba kuphela iidemokhrasi zinokwenziwa ukulinganisa kwaye ziqinisekiswe ukuba zifanelekile.
Iguqulelwe nguDonald Hounam
(1) Le Monde, 16 February 2006.
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