Umthombo: I-Intercept
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Remdesivir yeSayensi yaseGiliyadi iye yabizwa ngokuba yethu elona themba ekulweni ubhubhani we-coronavirus. Ngelishwa, iyeza le-antiviral alibonakali liluncedo kangako kwizigulana ezine-Covid-19, isifo esibangelwa yi-coronavirus. Kwaye ngelixa ukukhutshwa kobuchule kwenkampani kubangele uchulumanco phakathi kwabatyali-zimali, abezopolitiko, kunye noluntu, indibaniselwano yamachiza enziwe afana nalawo enziwe afana nalawo abonakala esebenza ngakumbi ekulweni i-coronavirus iye yabhabha phantsi kweradar.
Ukuphelelwa lithemba lobonelelo olulinganiselweyo lwe-remdesivir lukhulu kangangokuba iVirginia iya kubamba ilotho yokumisela ukuba yeyiphi kwizigulana eziphantse zibe li-1,500 ezigula kakhulu kurhulumente eziya kukwazi ukufumana iidosi zayo ezingamakhulu aliqela ezinikelwe iyeza. EMinnesota, amagosa karhulumente eze ne isicwangciso sokwenza ukwaba ubonelelo lwabo lonyango lwe-Covid-19, olufuna ukuba kuchongwe “amagosa ovavanyo” aya kuthi akhethe phakathi kwabaguli abafanelekileyo ngokulinganayo. Kwaye e-Alabama, oogqirha kumkhosi we-coronavirus osekwe yirhuluneli baya kumisela ukuba zeziphi izigulana ezifumana i-remdesivir.
Ezinye izibhedlele apho ziya kufumana unyango nje olunye. Sekunjalo, igosa lezempilo laseAlabama, uGqr. Scott Harris, kutshanje uye wanikela umbulelo wakhe eGiliyadi, umenzi weli chiza, owanikela ngeengqayi ezimalunga nama-940,000 19 zeli chiza kurhulumente womanyano ezisasazwa ngamasebe ezempilo karhulumente. “Nangona unikezelo lulonke lwe-remdesivir lulinganiselwe, siyayibulela into yokuba abaguli abasesibhedlele be-COVID-XNUMX abanesifo esiqatha e-Alabama banokufumana eli yeza linokusindisa ubomi,” utshilo uHarris.
Kuphakathi kwezi mvakalelo zokunqongophala kunye nokuba netyala apho iGiliyadi ibeka ixabiso leyeza layo le-antiviral. Inkampani, esele ilungiselele ukuhanjiswa kwe-remdesivir kumazwe ali-127, kulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukuyithengisa ngokuthengisa kwakaJuni. Kwaye ngelixa ikhosi ye-10-day yechiza, eyaphuhliswa njengonyango olunokubakho lwe-Ebola ubuncinane $ 79 yezigidi kwi U.S. mali karhulumente, iindleko kuphela malunga $10 ukuvelisa, ngokutsho i qi kelela liZiko loPhononongo lweKlinikhi kunye noQoqosho, ixabiso layo lemarike kulindeleke ukuba liphindaphindwe kaninzi loo mali.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuswa kwamaxabiso ayisiyiyo into ecaphukisa izazinzulu ezininzi malunga ne-remdesivir. Yinyani yokuba iyeza le-coronavirus elongeze ithemba kwaye lathumela iGiliyadi xabiso lempahla (kwaye ngokutsho kwabanye abahlalutyi, i yonke imarike yemasheya) ukunyuka akubonakali kungenzi nto ingako kwizigulana ze-coronavirus.
“I-Remdesivir ayisebenzi kwaphela, kangangoko ndixela, okanye inesiphumo esincinci,” utshilo uWilliam Haseltine, isazinzulu esichithe amashumi eminyaka sifunda ngeentsholongwane kwaye sincede ukukhokela urhulumente wase-US ukuphendula ubhubhane we-HIV/AIDS. “Iyathelekiseka neTamiflu kwaye mhlawumbi ayilunganga,” wongeze watsho uHaseltine, ebhekisa kwelinye iyeza le-antiviral elikhoyo ngokumiselwa iminyaka engama-20 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lithengiswe kwikhawuntara kwiinyanga ezizayo.
U-Haseltine, owaseka icandelo le-pharmacology ye-biochemical pharmacology kunye ne-retrovirology yabantu kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard yeSikolo seMpilo yoLuntu, wachaza ukuba iGiliyadi ayikayikhuphi idatha ebonisa isiphumo se-remdesivir kumthamo wentsholongwane egazini kubantu abane-Covid-19. Ngeli xesha, ekuphela kolwazi olukhoyo malunga nendlela ichiza elichaphazela ngayo inani le-coronavirus kwizigulana, a Ukufundiswa kweShayina yechiza elipapashwe kwiLancet, libonise ukuba iyeza aliwehlisi umthamo wentsholongwane egazini.
“Yiyo loo nto ndilibiza ngokuba lichiza elingekho ngqiqweni,” watsho uHaseltine. "Xa amaTshayina azama ukufumana impembelelo ye-antiviral, yayingekho."
Endaweni yoko, uchulumanco malunga ne-remdesivir lusekwe kakhulu kwi- isifundo ixhaswe liZiko leSizwe le-Allergy kunye neZifo ezosulelayo ezibonise ukuba abantu abasebenzisa ichiza baye bachacha ngokukhawuleza kunabo bangazange balithathe: iintsuku ezili-11 ngokwe-avareji xa kuthelekiswa ne-15 kwabo bathatha indawo ye-placebo. Inqaku elapapashwa nge-22 kaMeyi kwiNew England Journal of Medicine libonise ukuphucuka okungephi kwizigulana ezisesibhedlele ezithathe i-remdesivir, nangona iyeza lingakhange libonakale ngathi lilo naluphi na uncedo kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu, ezazifuna ukufumana ioksijini ehambayo ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ii-ventilators. okanye ezinye iindlela. Kwaye iyeza alizange liphucule kakhulu ithuba lesigulana lokusinda kwi-Covid-19.
Nangona kunjalo, kwinkomfa ye-Oval ye-Oval ye-29 ka-Epreli kunye noMongameli uDonald Trump, uMlawuli we-NIAID uGqr. Ukusukela ngoko, i-remdesivir iye yabekwa njengomsindisi wethu kunye neGiliyadi njengomsasazi onobubele.
Ngelixa abanye abaguli kunye neentsapho zabo bechithe iiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo bezama ukufumana i-remdesivir, olunye unyango lwe-Covid-19 lubonakaliswe ngokuzolileyo lusebenza ngakumbi. Nangona kungekho nketho ibonakala ilunyango olufuneka kakhulu lwe-Covid-19, irejimeni yamachiza amathathu ibonelele ngokuncipha okukhulu ngexesha elithatha izigulana ukuba zichache kune-remdesivir. Abantu abathathe indibaniselwano ye-interferon beta-1b, i-lopinavir-ritonavir, kunye ne-ribavirin baye babangcono kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ngokuchaseneyo neentsuku ezili-12 kwabo bangayithathiyo. Ngokucacileyo, unyango lunomnye umlenze kwi-Gilead: Lunciphise ngokucacileyo inani le-coronavirus kwizigulana eziluthathileyo, ngokutsho isifundo yapapashwa kwiLancet ngoMeyi 8.
Ukanti ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukabikho kungquzulana kwezigulana ezifuna irejimeni entsha okanye ilotho ukuba zilinganise iidosi, ezinokubangelwa ubuncinci ngokuyinxenye kwinto yokuba unyango khange ibe ngumxholo wephulo elikhulu lentengiso. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ichiza ngalinye kula mathathu akwindibaniselwano entsha lelenziwe lafana nelo lenziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngabenzi, okanye alisekho phantsi kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho nkampani yenza inzuzo enkulu ekusebenziseni kwayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iGiliyadi, inkampani eyayinengeniso engaphezulu kweedola ezingama-22 eebhiliyoni ngo-2019 kwaye imele ukwenza imali kwi-remdesivir iminyaka emininzi, iye yaqulunqa ngononophelo ukukhutshwa kwonyango lwayo olutsha, ikhupha iincinci ezincinci, ezilungiselelwe ulwazi olukhuthazayo kumaphephandaba kunye nokugqamisa inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngovelwano.
Akunto ingaqhelekanga ukuba iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zipeyinte iimveliso zazo ngendlela eqaqambileyo okanye zihambe ngendlela ethandabuzekayo ukuze zandise ingeniso. Yaye iGiliyadi yayizizuzele intywenka yemali ubume beziyobisi zenkedama yeremdesivir ngoMatshi ngaphambili ikhosi ebuyela umva Kwiintsuku ezimbini emva koko, uye wajongana nokugxekwa okubanzi ngaphambili - ngakumbi amaxabiso axhomileyo eyeza le-HIV le-Truvada kunye neyeza le-hepatitis C sofosbuvir, elithengisa nge-1,000 yeedola ipilisi.
Kodwa ngexesha lo bhubhani, i-buzz, ezopolitiko, kunye nokubawa zidlala indima enkulu ngakumbi kunesiqhelo ekumiseleni ukuba ngawaphi amachiza asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngelixa inkqubo eqhelekileyo yenzululwazi yokuvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwabo ikhawuleziswa kwaye iyancitshiswa. Trump, ngubani ukuvuselela umdla malunga neyeza lemalariya i-hydroxychloroquine, ichiza analo wazithatha yena nangona ingenayo i-Covid-19, ikhokele indlela.
"Unomongameli obeka uxinzelelo olunzulu kwiinkampani, abalawuli, kunye nabanye kwiinzame zokulondoloza ukunyulwa kwakhe kwakhona," kusho uDkt. Michael Carome, umlawuli wophando lwezempilo kwi-Public Citizen. Imiphumo, uCarome efudumala, yayinokuba yingozi. "Inkxalabo yam enkulu kukuba ngayo yonke le hype kunye noshicilelo oluvela kwi-White House, siza kuzisa into yokuthengisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye yenzakalise abantu abaninzi. Nantso ke ingozi.”
Okwangoku, umngcipheko wokufa ubonisiwe ukuba unyukile kwizigulana ze-Covid-19 ezithatha i-hydroxychloroquine. Ngokuka a isifundo epapashwe kwiLancet kwiveki ephelileyo, malunga ne-15,000 yabantu abafumene i-hydroxychloroquine okanye ichiza elisondeleleneyo le-chloroquine baphantse basweleka ngokuphindwe kabini kunabo bangazange bayithathe.
Iinzuzo zawo onke amachiza kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ngokuchasene nokwenzakala kwawo. Kwimeko ye-remdesivir, ezo ngozi zibonakala zibandakanya umonakalo onokwenzeka kwi- izintso nesibindi. Ngelixa imingcipheko kunye neenzuzo zicaciswa ngokuqhubekayo, i-NIAID icinyiwe ulingo lwe-remdesivir olunokuba lunike ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokubini ukuze izigulane ezifumana i-placebo zilithathe ichiza.
Ukongeza ekwenzeni izigulana ezinokwenzeka, izigqibo ezisekelwe kunyango lwe-coronavirus kunye nogonyo kwi-hype endaweni yesayensi inomngcipheko wotyalo-mali kwangaphambi kwexesha kwimveliso enye ngeendleko kwenye. “Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngoku senza utyalo-mali olukhulu ekulandeleni ichiza elinokukhokelela kuphando oluncinci olwenziweyo kwinto ebinokuthi ikhuseleke okanye isebenze ngakumbi,” utshilo uCarome malunga nento ayichaze njengenzondelelo ethandabuzekayo ye-remdesivir. Emva kokuba ichiza lifunyenwe Ugunyaziso loSetyenziso oluNgxamisekileyo ukusuka kuLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs ngoMeyi 1, uMmi woLuntu ungenise isicelo se-FOIA sedatha epheleleyo ephantsi kwesigqibo. I-FDA ayizange ibonelele iqela ngawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iphatha idatha enjalo njengobunikazi.
Ngeli xesha, uchulumanco olujikeleze olunye uphuhliso lwe-coronavirus lubonakala luhamba ngokukhawuleza kunesayensi. Kwiveki ephelileyo, inkampani yebhayoloji iModerna iphinde yahambisa iimarike ngesibhengezo esingacacanga malunga neziphumo zokuqala zophononongo. Kule meko, inkampani ichaze iziphumo zokuqala zovavanyo lwesitofu sokugonya esinokubakho se-coronavirus "njengoloyiso," nangona zazisekwe kubantu abasibhozo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lophando.
"Uninzi lweemveliso ezidlulayo kwesi sigaba ekugqibeleni ziyasilela," utshilo uCarome woLuntu loLuntu. Ngelixa inkampani ishwankathela idatha yayo, ayizange ikhuphe. "Kufuneka sibone iinkcukacha, kodwa mhlawumbi asiyi kuzibona."
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwesitofu sokugonya ithembisa ukufumana ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi kwiingxabano zomdla. Nge-14 kaMeyi, uTrump wabhengeza i-Operation Warp Speed, iinzame zabalawuli zokuvelisa kunye nokusasaza isitofu sokugonya i-coronavirus ekupheleni konyaka, ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa kweengcali ukuba inkqubo iya kuthatha iminyaka. Lo msebenzi ukhokelwa ngowayesakuba ngumlawuli wamayeza uMoncef Slaoui, ofumene ngaphezu kwe-13.5 yezigidi zeedola kwiifemu zamayeza kunye ne-biotech ukususela ngo-2016. USlaoui wayephethe izabelo ze-155,000 zeModerna, ixabiso layo lenyuke ngaphezu kwe-2 yezigidi zeedola emva kweendaba ezilungileyo malunga nayo. isitofu sokugonya sibethe kumaza omoya. Kwilungiselelo elingaqhelekanga, imbuyekezo yomsebenzi wakhe karhulumente yi-$1 kuphela kwaye ikhululwe kwimithetho eqhelekileyo yokubhengezwa kwe-federal kunye ne-conflict-of-interest. Emva kweSen. Elizabeth Warren yabiza ingqalelo kungquzulwano lwakhe lomdla, uSlaoui wahlutha izabelo zakhe eModerna kwaye wabhengeza ukuba uya kunikela kuphando lomhlaza ngemali ayenzileyo ekunyuseni kwakhe emva kokujoyina i-Operation Warp Speed.
Ngelixa ugonyo lunokuba lelona themba lokuphelisa ubhubhane ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iimpazamo ezenziwe ngenxa yokungxama okanye ukungqubana kwemidla kunokuba yingozi. Kuba isicwangciso kukugonya abantu abamalunga nebhiliyoni e-1 kwihlabathi liphela, neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga zinokubonakala ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Izitofu zokugonya ezingezizo zinokusasaza izifo. UHaseltine wathi: “Zinokukunika umkhuhlane ombi onokuthi uwunike abantu abangagonywanga.
Amandla akhoyo ezopolitiko kunye nokubawa kwisayensi kwenza ukuba iziphumo ezinjalo zibe lula. "Ndiyoyika ukuba iqela lesantya se-warp liza kuphazamisa inkqubo yethu yokulawula kwaye abaphathi baya kubeka isithupha sabo kwisikali ukuze bathande umphumo ngaphandle kweendleko zobomi bomntu," watsho uHaseltine. "Abantu bacinga ukuba i-warp ithetha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa i-warp ithetha ukugqwetha."
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