Umthombo: I-Intercept
IiChemours zinikile Ingxabano entsha ekukhuseleni enye yeekhemikhali zayo ezinetyhefu yePFAS, eyaziwa ngokuba yiGenX: ukuba ikhompawundi, ebangela umhlaza kunye nezinye iziphumo zempilo kwizilwanyana zaselebhu kwaye yakhutshwa yinkampani kumanzi okusela amakhulu amawaka abantu, iyimfuneko. kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
I-Chemours, inkampani yeekhemikhali eyakhutshwa eDuPont ngo-2015, yenza imeko ye-GenX njengento elungileyo yokusingqongileyo ekuphenduleni uvavanyo lwetyhefu yekhemikhali eyagqitywa yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo ngo-Okthobha. Uxwebhu lwe-EPA lubeka umda wokhuseleko we-GenX ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezibonisa ukuba kubangela imiphumo yesibindi kwiigundane, kuquka izicubu zomhlaza. Kodwa ngoMatshi 18 isicelo sokulungiswa, Amagqwetha eChemours acele i-arhente ukuba yenze buthathaka umda wayo, besithi iGenX iyimfuneko kwinguqu yelizwe kude kumafutha efosili.
"Iikhemistri zeChemours zibalulekile ekufezekiseni amandla e-United States kunye namabhongo e-decarbonization," amagqwetha asuka kwi-firm Arnold & Porter wabhala, eqhubeka nokuqaphela ukuba i-GenX isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokudala iikhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-fluoropolymers, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-lithium. -iibhetri zeion ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane, iimbumba ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, kunye ne-hydrogen evela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo.
Inkampani, eyenza iGenX kwisityalo sayo eFayetteville, North Carolina, kwaye isebenzisa imichiza kwiindawo zayo eNew Jersey naseWest Virginia, iphinde yagxininisa ukuba ukuqhubeka kwemveliso yasekhaya kubalulekile kwinkululeko yamandla ase-US: "Kuhlala kungekho enye indlela eyenziwe ekhaya. iimveliso ezitshintshileyo ezikhoyo kwezi zicelo zibaluleke kakhulu. โ
Ngokutsho kweChemours, ethe yaxela ukuthengiswa kwe-6.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kulo nyaka uphelileyo, izithintelo kwiGenX ayisosisongelo nje kumgca ophantsi wenkampani. Ukuqaphela ukuba "iifluoropolymers zisetyenziswa kwimoto nganye, kwinqwelomoya, kwiselfowuni, nakwi-semiconductor kunye neetshiphusi zekhompyuter" kwaye zikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni "uninzi lwamachiza amiselweyo," amagqwetha enkampani athi "uHlolo lweToxicity ye-EPA," Ngaphandle kokuba ilungisiwe, inokubangela ingozi enkulu kwiChemours nakuqoqosho olubanzi lwase-United States. โ
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko imeko yemozulu iye yanda, iinkampani zamafutha efosili ziye zaphendula ngokutya okuhlaza, izibhambathiso zobuxoki, yaye Umxholo ophawulweyo esusa ioyile negesi ngokungafanelekanga kuxanduva lokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nakule meko, ilinge leChemours lokubeka imichiza eyityhefu njengesisombululo kwiingxaki zamandla namanzi liye lababetha abanye abaxhasi bemekobume njengabathandabuzayo. Bayakuchasa ukugxothwa kwenkampani ngesizathu sokusingqongileyo ngokuchasene nenye kwaye bahlekisa ngombono wokuba iGenX, enye yodidi lwe imichiza eye yabangela enye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo nezizingisileyo zongcoliseko kwimbali yakutshanje, inceda ngokwenene ukulungisa intlekele yemozulu egqubayo.
"IiChemours okwangoku zenza iPFAS ngokusebenzisa kunye nokukhulula iikhemikhali zegesi yegreenhouse enamandla njenge HCFC-22. Ngokucacileyo bayinxalenye yengxaki yongcoliseko lwemozulu, ayisosisombululo,โ utshilo uLaurie Valeriano, umlawuli olawulayo weqela labameli. Ikamva Elingenatyhefu. "Ikamva lamandla acocekileyo libandakanya iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo ezenziwe ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse ezinamandla kunye neekhemikhali eziyingozi."
Imbali enetyhefu
Amagqala edabi lokungcoliseka kwePFAS afumana amabango enkampani malunga neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho zeGenX eziqhelekileyo. โOlu luhlobo olunye lwengxoxo ebesiluva kumashumi eminyaka ngoku,โ utshilo uRob Bilott, igqwetha elathi. wa sukela DuPont phezu kwenye ikhemikhali yePFAS enetyhefu, PFOA, kwi-1999. Inkampani yayisebenzise i-PFOA amashumi eminyaka ukwenza iTeflon kunye nezinye iimveliso - kwaye yachitha iminyaka ikhusela njengemfuneko yezoshishino. I-DuPont yavuma kuphela ukuyikhupha kwi-2006 emva kokuba u-Bilott wabelane ngobungqina obuninzi kunye ne-EPA ebonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali kubangele umhlaza, umonakalo wesibindi, kunye nemiphumo yomzimba - kwaye kuphela emva kokuba inkampani ikhethe indawo: I-GenX.
"Kuyamangalisa ukubona indlela i-spin eqhubeka ngayo, ukuzama ukubandakanya ezi khemikhali kunye neemveliso eziya kuhambelana nabathengi," utshilo uBilott. "Bazama ukudala uloyiko lokuba ngokulawula ezi khemikhali ziyingozi kwimpilo yoluntu, uya kunyanzela abantu ukuba benze ukhetho ngezi mveliso."
"Kuyamangalisa ukubona indlela i-spin eqhubeka ngayo, izama ukubandakanya ezi khemikhali kunye neemveliso eziza kuhambelana nabathengi."
UBilott uyazi ngokwakhe malunga neenzame ezinjalo zokunqanda ummiselo, emva kokuba efumene amaxwebhu abonisa ukuba iDuPont (kunye 3M, eyaqala ukudala i-PFOA) wayesazi malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ye-PFOA amashumi eminyaka kwaye bufihle ubungqina kuluntu kunye nabalawuli. I-EPA yahlawulisa i-DuPont i-10.5 yezigidi zeedola ngenxa yokukhohlisa kwayo - esona sohlwayo sikhulu kwimbali ye-arhente ngelo xesha. Kodwa isohlwayo sifike emva kwexesha kakhulu ukukhusela impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngexesha lokuhlawuliswa, iPFOA yayisele ingcolise amanzi okusela abantu abangama-80,000 abahlala kufutshane nesityalo saseDuPont eWest Virginia. Ukuvezwa kwafunyaniswa kamva ukuba kubangele ukwanda kwendawo yezintso kunye nomhlaza we-testicular kubantu abavezwayo.
I-GenX yavela kwi uthethathethwano olunzima phakathi kwe-EPA kunye neDuPont phezu kokupheliswa kwePFOA. Ngelixa iarhente yokusingqongileyo yayiqhwaba umenzi weekhemikhali esandleni ngenxa yokubamba ubungqina bomonakalo waloo khemikhali, ikwavumile ukuvumela inkampani phantse ishumi leminyaka ukuba ithathe indawo yayo. Ngexesha lokubuyela umva phakathi kwenkampani kunye ne-arhente ngo-2006, iDuPont yanyanzelisa ukuba i-EPA inike indawo yayo "uphononongo olungexesha kunye nolwamkelo." Ngelo xesha, inkampani yayisele inabo ubungqina bokuba iGenX inezinye iziphumo ezifanayo njengePFOA kwizilwanyana zaselebhu. eDuPont izifundo zakho, engeniswe kwi-EPA phakathi kwe-2006 kunye ne-2013, ibonise ukuba ikhemikhali yokutshintshwa ibangele umonakalo wesibindi kunye nezintso; iziphumo zophuhliso, kubandakanywa ukubeleka kwangoko kunye nokulibaziseka kuphuhliso lobuni; ukunyanzeliswa kwe-immune; kunye namathumba omhlaza kwisibindi kunye nakwi-pancreas, njenge-Intercept yokuqala ingxelo kwi 2016.
Ngaphandle kobungqina obothusayo bomonakalo, i-EPA yaqhubeka ngokuvunywa kwangexesha le-GenX njengoko iDuPont yayicelile, ikhupha umyalelo wemvume kwi-2009 eyavuma ukuba ikhemikhali yokutshintshwa ingabonisa iingozi ezifanayo njenge-PFOA - kubandakanywa nomhlaza, ubuthi benkqubo, kunye netyhefu yokuzala - ngelixa ivumela iDuPont kwaye, emva kwe-2015, i-Chemours ukuba yenze i-GenX kwisityalo sayo saseNorth Carolina. Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo, njengokuba inkampani yayikhupha imveliso yayo entsha kumlambo iCape Fear River kwaye isiya emoyeni ngeemfumba zayo, iDuPont nayo yayinikezela ngokuzolileyo. uphando olongezelelweyo kwi-EPA ebonisa ukuba iprofayili yetyhefu yekhemikhali yayo entsha ngokwenene yayifana neyayo endala - kwaye kwezinye iimeko, i-GenX yayinetyhefu ngakumbi kune-PFOA. Uvavanyo lwetyhefu lukaJanuwari ka-2022 olutsalwa kwezi zifundo lusete umda wokhuseleko owawuphantsi kakhulu kunolo wePFOA. I-EPA ithi ngoku iphonononga umgangatho we-PFOA kwaye iceba ukukhupha isiluleko sezempilo samanzi okusela kwi-GenX ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwale ntwasahlobo.
Kodwa njenge-PFOA, la manyathelo olawulo, athathwe kwiminyaka eyi-16 emva kokuba iDuPont ingenise isifundo sayo sokuqala se-GenX kwi-EPA, yafika emva kwexesha ukukhusela uluntu. Abahlali bendawo yaseWilmington, eNorth Carolina, sele bechithe amashumi eminyaka okusela amanzi adityaniswe nekhompawundi, eyakhutshwa kuMlambo iCape Fear njengemveliso yezinye iinkqubo ngaphambi kokuba iDuPont iqale ukuyivelisa ngo-2009. Ngo-2019, njengeendaba zosulelo. ukusasazeka, iChemours yangena kwi umyalelo wemvume kunye neSebe laseNorth Carolina loMgangatho wokusiNgqongileyo kunye neqela lokusingqongileyo ICape Fear River Watch, apho ivumile ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela atshintshileyo kubahlali abamanzi abo angcoliswe yi-GenX.
Ukubaleka uXanduva lweMali
Njengoko inkampani yavuma ngokukhululekileyo kwisicelo sayo sikaMatshi sokulungiswa, ukuguqulwa komgangatho wokhuseleko obekwe kwi-EPA yokuhlola ubutyhefu kunokukhulula inkampani kwezinye izibophelelo zayo ezisemthethweni phantsi kwaloo myalelo wemvume. Kwisivumelwano, inqanaba le-GenX emanzini okusela elibangela uxanduva lwe-Chemours lokubonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo "lixhomekeke kuhlengahlengiso olusekelwe 'kwingcebiso yezempilo ye-EPA esebenzayo,'" njengoko amagqwetha ephawula. "Ingcebiso yezempilo ye-EPA ye [GenX] ke ngoko inokuchaphazela kakhulu izibophelelo zeChemours phantsi koMyalelo weMvume yaseNorth Carolina." Ngenxa yokuba inqanaba elitsha elibekwe yi-EPA likhusela ngakumbi kunelo libekwe yiNorth Carolina, i-Chemours inokujongana nezibophelelo ezongezelelweyo zemali eNorth Carolina ukuba isicelo sayo asiphumelelanga. Ukuba iyaphumelela, inkampani inokugqiba ukuchitha imali encinci, kuba iya kuba noxanduva lokubonelela abantu abambalwa ngamanzi acocekileyo.
Nokuba i-EPA iyasikhaba isicelo sikaChemours sokulungiswa, abasela amanzi angcolileyo sele benyanzelwa ukuba bathathe amakhulu ezigidi zeedola ngeendleko zokuwacoca. IBrunswick yenye yeengingqi ezimbini zaseNorth Carolina ezisanda kwandisa amaxabiso amanzi ukuhlawula iindleko zeenkqubo ezintsha ezifakelwe ukuhluza iPFAS. "I-Brunswick County yidolophu ehluphekayo, yasemaphandleni, kwaye abantu ngoku bahlawula ukubeka isityalo se-osmosis esingaguqukiyo ukuze bafumane unyango lwamanzi kwi-PFAS ngokukodwa kuba i-Chemours ayiyi," utshilo uJohnsie Lang, isazinzulu esifunde iGenX. ULang, ohlala kule dolophu, wabona eyakhe intlawulo yamanzi yenyanga inyuka ukusuka kwi-130 yeedola ukuya kwi-180 yeedola ngoMatshi.
Isicelo sokulungiswa siza ngexesha apho iChemours ijongene neendleko ezikhulayo eNorth Carolina. Umyalelo wemvume ufuna ukuba inkampani ibonelele ngamanzi acocekileyo kumakhaya lawo amanzi angcolisekileyo ngaphezu komgangatho othile. Kodwa babengazi ukuba likhulu kangakanani na. Ekuqaleni, bekubonakala ngathi kuya kuba nezindlu ezilikhulu okanye ngaphantsi,โ utshilo uLang. Kodwa bangaphezu kwama-100 6,000 ngoku abafanelekayo. โKwaye inani lisakhula. Ndicinga ukuba babecinga ukuba bagqibile, basebenzise imali ababefuna ukuyisebenzisa. โ
I-Chemours ihlawule ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zeedola kwitekhnoloji enciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kweGenX ngeepesenti ezingama-99.99, njengoko kufunwa imvume. Kodwa inkampani iphinde yahlawuliswa liSebe likarhulumente loMgangatho wokusiNgqongileyo ubuncinci be-16 yokwaphulwa komyalelo wemvume kunye nemimiselo ehambelanayo, kubandakanya ukudlula umda wokukhutshwa komoya, ukulahla inkunkuma ngokungafanelekanga, kunye nokukhupha iPFAS eninzi emanzini kunokuba kuvunyelwe. Kwaye ngelixa inani le-GenX elikhutshwe kwisityalo saseNorth Carolina liye lancitshiswa ngokucacileyo, i-PFAS-chain chain ifunyenwe emanzini ajikeleze urhulumente - kubandakanywa neelwandle kunye nasekhaya. iigatha, abanye kude Iikhilomitha ezingama-80 ukusuka kwisityalo.
Kwaye ngelixa i-GenX iye yaba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kwiinzame zokulwa nolawulo lwe-Chemours, yenye yeekhemikhali ezikhutshwa yinkampani. I-Chemours ichongiwe Ngaphezu kwe250 Iikhompawundi zePFAS โezingaziwaโ kumanzi amdaka. "Bathetha ngeGenX ngoku kuba yiyona kuphela apho [iSebe lezeMpilo laseNorth Carolina kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu] libeka ixabiso," kusho uLang. "Kuthekani ngazo zonke ezinye iikhompawundi?"
Umhlaza wamatyhalarha kunye nesibindi
Akuqhelekanga ukuba iinkampani zenze umngeni kwisayensi ye-EPA oko kusongela ukunciphisa ingeniso. Kwaye akuqhelekanga ukuba iinkampani ezinjalo zinikeze uthotho lwezigxeko ngethemba lokuba nokuba enye inokoyisa. Kwimeko ye-GenX, i-Chemours ayiphikisanga nje kuphela ukuba imichiza ibalulekile ukumisa ingxaki yemozulu, kodwa nokuba isayensi esetyenziselwa ukubala umda wokhuseleko iphosakele. Kwisicelo sokulungiswa, amagqwetha enkampani athi i-EPA ayiphumelelanga ukuqwalasela idatha ye-epidemiological ekhutshwe liSebe laseNorth Carolina lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu ngo-2017 kwaye "i-NCDHHS yagqiba ekubeni amazinga esibindi kunye nezinye i-cancer ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwingingqi yaseNorth Carolina enokuvezwa [kwiGenX] amaxabiso axelwe kubemi ngokubanzi base-US, kwiphondo laseNorth Carolina, nakwimimandla yaseNorth Carolina ngaphandle kokuvezwa [ku-GenX]. "
Ebuzwa ukuba aqinisekise oku kufunyanisiweyo, ummeli wearhente yezempilo eNorth Carolina wathi ukutolika kweChemours kwedatha yayo ayichanekanga. "I-NCDHHS ayizange igqibe ekubeni amazinga esibindi kunye nezinye ii-cancer ziphantsi kwi-North Carolina counties kunye nokuvezwa kwi- [GenX] kunamaxabiso achazwe kubemi bonke base-US, kwilizwe laseNorth Carolina, okanye kwi-North Carolina counties ngaphandle kokuchazwa. โ kuGenX, uCatie Armstrong, isithethi seli sebe, wabhala nge-imeyile kwi-Intercept. U-Armstrong uphinde waphawula ukuba ngelixa izinga lomhlaza ngokubanzi kwii-countries ezine ezifundwe zifana, kwi-New Hanover County amazinga omhlaza we-testicular anyuswe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 kwaye amazinga omhlaza wesibindi ayephezulu kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu. Amazinga omhlaza aqokelelwe lisebe lezempilo ayachaza, utshilo u-Armstrong, kwaye "luphononongo olubanzi kuphela olunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuba ukuvezwa okuthile kunokunxulunyaniswa namazinga awonyuka omhlaza.."
Kuba abameli bendawo bebecela uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lwesifo esibulalayo sabantu abasela amanzi angcolisekileyo kule ndawo, ngakumbi isikhalazo amaqela asekuhlaleni okusingqongileyo angeniswe kwi-EPA ngo-Okthobha wama-2020, ukutolikwa kakubi kwenkampani kwiinkcukacha ezingaphelelanga kuyingozi kakhulu. "Enye yezinto ezityhalela phambili kwisibongozo sethu kuphononongo olubanzi lwezifo zesifo kubantu abakulo mmandla waseNorth Carolina," utshilo uBob Sussman, igqwetha elimele amaqela okusingqongileyo angenise uxwebhu lwezikhalazo, olukwafuna izifundo zempilo kunye nezokusingqongileyo ze-54 PFAS. iikhompawundi ezikhutshwa yiChemours kwindawo. "Ukumelwa kakubi kweeChemours kuphononongo olubonisa ukonyuka kwamathumba esibindi kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe yiPFAS kuyaphazamisa kwaye sisiqwengana sokuchasa kwenkampani ukwenza uphando oluceliwe kwisibongozo."
Esinye isicwangciso se-Chemours esikhathazayo kubaxhasi bamanzi acocekileyo yingxoxo yayo yokuba i-EPA isebenzisa ngokungalunganga "izinto zokungaqiniseki" ekubaleni umgangatho wokhuseleko we-GenX. I-arhente isebenzisa amanani, okwenza ukuba imida yokhuseleko ikhuseleke ngakumbi, ukuhlawulela izikhewu kulwazi malunga nemiphumo yeekhemikhali. I-Chemours ithi i-EPA inyuse ngokungafanelekanga izinto zokungaqiniseki, ezikhokelela kumda ophantsi kakhulu. Kodwa uSussman wachaza ukuba i-arhente isebenzise izinto kuba inkampani ayiboneleli ngezifundo ezibonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba imichiza ibachaphazela njani abantu.
"Kwisibongozo sethu, sithi sifuna lonke olu vavanyo longezelelweyo kwiGenX. Nantsi ke iChemours ingena ingajonganga nendawo esembindini- yokuba asinayo idatha esiyidingayo,โ utshilo uSussman. "Endinokuthi ndiyithethe kwiChemours kukuba, ukuba awuzithandi ezi zinto zingaqinisekanga, kungcono uphume uyokwenza uvavanyo."
Itshixiwe
Izazinzulu zokusingqongileyo ziyavumelana neChemours ubuncinane kwinqaku elinye: ukuba iGenX ngoku isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-fluoropolymers evuthuza kwiimveliso ezininzi, kubandakanywa, njengoko amagqwetha enkampani achaza i-EPA, iitshiphu zekhompyutha, izithuthi ezinobunzima obulula, kunye. "imibhobho kunye nemikhumbi yokukhusela abasebenzi kwiikhemikhali ezirhabaxa." Iinyaniso ezinjalo zezoqoqosho azibalulekanga kwisayensi malunga neekhemikhali - kwaye azinayo indawo yokuhlola ubuthi, ngokutsho kukaLinda Birnbaum, owalathisa iZiko leSizwe leSayensi yezeMpilo yeNdalo kwaye wakhonza njenge-toxicologist eyintloko yelizwe kude kube ngu-2019. Sekunjalo, wathi uBirnbaum, "Umcimbi abawuphakamisile - wokuba iPFAS ikuyo yonke indawo - yinyani leyo. Ingongoma yeyokuba yinto embi leyo.โ
Umbuzo onzima ngowokwenza ezo mveliso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imichiza eyingozi kangako. Abanye abavelisi baye sele iqalile ukudala i-fluoropolymers ngaphandle kwe-PFAS - enye yenza njalo emva kwe-2008. Sekunjalo, ukuguqulwa okupheleleyo kude ne-GenX kuya kuthatha ixesha, ngokutsho kukaMark Rossi, umlawuli olawulayo we-Clean Production Action. โUkuba iyimfuneko okwangoku, ndingatsho ukuba ayiyomfuneko ekuhambeni kwexesha,โ utshilo uRossi. Ukuba uthe, ukusukela namhlanje, kufuneka uphume kuyo yonke iPFAS ekwenzeni kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweli-10, ndingatsho ukuba lixesha elifanelekileyo.
"Umcimbi abawuphakamisile - wokuba iPFAS ikuyo yonke indawo - yinyani leyo. Ingongoma yeyokuba yinto embi leyo.โ
Nangona ukusetyenziswa okungafunekiyo yePFAS inokumiswa ngokukhawuleza kwangoko, ukuphuma kancinci kancinci kwiimveliso ezibaluleke kakhulu kuya kuthatha ukuzinikela kunye notyalo-mali kunye nexesha, ngokutsho kukaZhanyun Wang. "Iindlela ezizezinye ezingaguquguqukiyo zikhona, kodwa zifuna ukutsha," utshilo uWang, isazinzulu kwi-Swiss Federal Laboratories yeSayensi yezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-EMPA. "De uqeqeshe isizukulwana esilandelayo sezazinzulu, zihlala zilandela ikhemistri efanayo."
Uluntu luyadanisa luncinci ukuthetha malunga nokuba ukuveliswa kweeselfowuni zethu, iimoto, kunye namayeza okwalisa kubandakanya nokungcoliseka kwendalo. โIinkampani zihlala zisithi ziqhutywa ngabathengi,โ utshilo uWang. Kodwa ukuba ucinga ngayo, ziinkampani ezisigqibelayo.
Abaphembeleli bemozulu babhekisa kwinto yoshishino olungcolisayo oluphinda-phindeka kabini kwizenzo ezingagcinekiyo ezinengeniso kwixesha elifutshane - kunye nentlekele kwixesha elide - njenge "utshixe.โ Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngomceli mngeni wayo kwi-EPA, iChemours isebenzisa isithembiso sokunceda ekulweni ukutshixwa kwamafutha efosili ukuthethelela ukutshixwa ngakumbi kusetyenziso lwePFAS, isithi ungcoliseko lwalo lokusingqongileyo lubalulekile kwaye aluguquki.
I-Chemours yalile ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nokufaneleka kweengxoxo zoqoqosho kuvavanyo lwetyhefu. Endaweni yoko, ibonelele i-Intercept ngengxelo ethunyelwe nge-imeyile eyathi, ngokuyinxenye, "Sixhasa umgaqo osekwe kwisayensi okhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye sizimisele ukwenza iikhemistri zethu ezihambele phambili ngenkathalo - kubandakanywa nokusebenza ukufezekisa iinjongo zethu. iinjongo zoxanduva lweshishini. "
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