UJoanna othandekayo,
Enkosi ngeleta yakho. Ewe, njengamaIndiya, uninzi lwethu luhlazekile ngesi siganeko sibi, ngakumbi nangakumbi njengoko siyinxalenye yemeko egqubayo yobundlobongela obujoliswe kumanina kweli lizwe.
Ngaphezulu kokuba nawona manani makhulu ehlabathi abo bahlwempuzeke ngokupheleleyo, abathwaxwa kukungondleki okuqatha okanye abangenazo izindlu zangasese kunye nekhusi nathi namhlanje siye saba yeyona Riphabliki yodlwengulo ibalaseleyo emhlabeni.
Ubuzile kwileta yakho ukuba kutheni kanye kanye i-Indiya inenani eliphezulu kangaka lodlwengulo? Uyakubuza ukuba ngaba nawaphi na amanyathelo anentsingiselo exesha elide aya kuphumela kulo lonke ingqumbo yoluntu eboniswa ngoku?
Ukujongana nombuzo wesibini kuqala, umntu unokuba nethemba lokufa kwale ntombazana ekhaliphileyo akuyi kuba lilize kwaye kuya kuba lutshintsho kwimbali yethu. Esi sehlo sibangele uqhanqalazo olungazange lubekho ngaphambili kwaye urhulumente/iqela lezopolitiko/amajelo eendaba kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba basithathele ingqalelo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu abatsha kuqhanqalazo kwilizwe lonke kuyakhuthaza.
Kukho intetho eninzi ngoku yokuzisa imithetho engqingqwa, umsebenzi wamapolisa ongcono, amaphulo okwazisa, ukubeka imiba yesini kwiikharityhulam zezikolo njalo njalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba ngokwembali yethu kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba ubundlobongela obuxhaphakileyo obujoliswe kwabasetyhini baseIndiya buyeke ngokulula nanini na kungekudala. Ndivakala ndinempoxo mhlawumbi, kodwa kufuneka uqonde izizathu ezibangela olu bundlobongela buntsonkothile kwaye bunzulu kakhulu kwilizwe lam.
Inyani ngokwembali (akufuneki ndikuxelele oku) amadoda ebengabafazi iwaka leminyaka kwaye amadoda aseIndiya ngaloo ndlela awahlukanga kakhulu. Njengoko uSusan Brownmiller, umphandi waseMelika olwela amalungelo abasetyhini kunye nombhali ngodlwengulo ekubeka ngokuthe ngqo, โUkufumanisa komntu ukuba amalungu akhe okuzala angasebenza njengesixhobo sokuvelisa uloyiko kufuneka abekwe njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo kumaxesha angaphambi kwembali, kunye nokusetyenziswa komlilo kunye nomlilo. izembe lokuqala elikrwada.โ
Akwaziwa ukuba amadoda aseIndiya acinga ukuba angawusebenzisa nini umlilo kodwa afumanisa ukusetyenziswa โkwezixhoboโ zawo zendalo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye ukusukela oko ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo obujoliswe kwabasetyhini buyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali yethu. Kwenye intsomi uthixo wamaHindu u-Indra, owayedume kakubi ngoburheletya, wadlwengula uAhalya, umfazi kaGautama, isilumko esifundileyo. Xa isilumko sifumanisa, njengendoda engusolusapho oqhelekileyo, uqala ngokumohlwaya uAhalya ngokumjika abe lilitye, uhlobo ahlala kulo iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu amawaka de elinye iqhawe lasentsomini uRam, we-epic Ramayana, lichukumise umfanekiso oqingqiweyo liwubuyise. ebomini.
Ngeli xesha u-Indra, ozama ukubaleka ingqumbo yesilumko ngokuba yikati, uqalekisiwe ngokuthenwa kwaye โathwale isiqingatha setyala lodlwengulo olukhe lwenziwaโ. (Njengoko ubuncinci isiqingatha samatyala odlwengulo eIndiya engasonjululwa okanye angohlwaywa, ndicinga ukuba amapolisa aseIndiya athatha uLord Indra njengomoni, osoloko โebalekaโ.)
Ndikhankanya eli bali kuphela kuba u-Indra ukwanguThixo weMfazwe kwiintsomi zaseIndiya, eqinisekisa ikhonkco elaziwayo phakathi kwemfazwe kunye nodlwengulo olufumaneka kwimbali yehlabathi kuyo yonke indawo. Nokuba yayingamaqela amaNgesi awayedlwengula amabhinqa aseScottish Highland kwiminyaka eyi-18th Ngenkulungwane ngelixa bebeka phantsi imvukelo, abahlali bokuqala baseYurophu badlwengula abafazi bomthonyama bamaIndiya kuMntla nakuMzantsi Merika, amaJapan aqhuba 'iRape of Nanking' eTshayina ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, amaJamani adlwengula abafazi bamaJuda ngamakhulu ngexesha lemfazwe. Ixesha lamaNazi okanye amajoni aseRashiya aphumeleleyo 'ephindezela' abafazi bawo ngokudlwengula abafazi baseJamani- isifundo sithe ngqo- iimfazwe bezisoloko zisilwa kwimizimba yabasetyhini njengoko bebesemhlabeni, elwandle okanye emoyeni. Yonke imfazwe, esoloko isiliwa ngendlela ephoxayo egameni le โmotherlandโ, ibonakala ingundoqo ekuxhatshazweni ngokwesondo โkubafazi botshabaโ.
Ewe, uqikelele kakuhle. Inani lodlwengulo kwi-Indiya yanamhlanje liyanda minyaka le, linyuka ngama-873 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-1953 no-2011, kuba nje sinemfazwe ephalaza igazi eqhubekayo apha. Kwisithuba sesiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu, eli lilizwe eliqinisa imfazwe yamakhaya, kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu esilwa kunye nelizwe laseNdiya lisilwa nabantu balo.
Kwindawo nganye yaseIndiya isizathu sale meko yemfazwe inokwahluka, ukusukela kumadabi kunye nelizwe laseIndiya malunga nokuzimela kwengingqi okanye ukuzimela, ukufuduswa ngenxa yeeprojekthi ezinkulu, ungquzulwano kunye neenkampani zemigodi ukuya kwimizabalazo kunye neklasi, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokungakhathali kunye nengxaki. kuqoqosho lwezolimo. Kwaye kwimfazwe nganye, kuzo zonke iimeko, idla ngokuba ngabasetyhini abahlawula elona xabiso liphezulu, nazo zonke iintlobo zokuthotywa isidima esityelelwe emizimbeni yabo.
Umkhosi wamaIndiya, amajoni kunye namapolisa adume ngokudlwengula okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini naphi na apho bafumana khona ithuba, ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinjengeKashmir, kumntla-mpuma weIndiya okanye kumbindi weIndiya apho kukho ungquzulwano oluxhobileyo oluqhubekayo. Amadoda anxibe iyunifomu ayingowodwa onetyala. Ubundlobongela bamahlelo kunye nemigaqo yenkolo, njenge-pogrom echasene namaSilamsi ka-2002 e-Gujarat yabona udlwengulo oluninzi olujoliswe kwabasetyhini abangamaSilamsi ngabavukeli bamaHindu kwaye ubundlobongela obufanayo babonakala ngo-2007 ngexesha lobundlobongela bezopolitiko olwenziwa ngumbutho weQela lamaKomanisi laseIndiya (uMarxist) ngokuchaseneyo. abasetyhini abangathathi ntweni baxhathisa ukufunyanwa komhlaba ngenkani eNandigram, eNtshona Bengal.
Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko ezicacileyo zodlwengulo eziye zixelwe okanye zithathelwe ingqalelo ngokusemthethweni kwilizwe lonke zifana negwebu elibonakalayo letsunami yobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo eyenzeka eIndiya. Ilizwe lithe phithi ngamatyala okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ezitalatweni, ukudlwengulwa kwabantu emtshatweni, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu emsebenzini, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo, ukwabelana ngesondo kunye nokurhweba ngamabhinqa nabantwana ngendlela yolwaphulo-mthetho ngenjongo yokuthengisa ngomzimba.
Uhlaselo olucwangcisiweyo lwabasetyhini kweli lizwe, ngokukodwa, luye lwamiselwa kwiinkulungwane ngenkqubo ye-caste eyingozi kunye neekhowudi zenkcubeko eziqinileyo ezinxulumene nomtshato kunye nesondo. Ingqondo yenkqubo yobuhlanga yaseIndiya ayihlukanga kwaphela kuleyo yomdlwenguli ophakathi- โonamandla angasoloko ethatha ithuba kwababuthathakaโ. Kwiindawo ezininzi zaseIndiya, nanamhlanje, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini kukaDalit okanye amabhinqa esizwe, kuyinto eqhelekileyo yaye kugqalwa โnjengento eqhelekileyoโ ngamadoda akudidi oluphezulu. Ngelixa kwithiyori yamaqela 'aphezulu' adibana nomgangatho 'ophantsi', kukufumana 'ungcoliseko' xa kuthethwa ngokulala okanye ukudlwengula abafazi 'abaphantsi', amadoda 'odidi oluphezulu' awa mathidala konke konke.
Umtshato eIndiya lolunye uhlobo lobukhoboka olumiselwe kwiziko kubafazi abaninzi abathi, emva kokuthenga umyeni โofanelekileyoโ ngokuhlawula iimali ezinkulu zekhazi, kuye kufuneke โbamkhonzeโ ubomi babo bonke. Ukuba ixabiso elithengiweyo alilungile ngokwaneleyo owasetyhini kaninzi uphela eswelekile njengenxalenye yeziganeko โzokufa kwekhaziโ, apho kumakhaya akudidi oluphezulu izitovu zeparafini zigqabhuka ngendlela engaqondakaliyo kwaye zijike umtshakazi ekujoliswe kuwo abe ngamalahle.
Uqheliselo lokubulala amabhinqa angekazalwa, apho abazali beqhomfa ngabom iintsana ezingamabhinqa kunokuba lube nendoda, luxhaphakile eIndiya nakwezona ndawo zifumileyo zelo lizwe. Kumaphondo aliqela aseIndiya umlinganiselo wamabhinqa kumadoda uphantsi kangangokuba ubonisa ukuba amabhinqa abulawa ngokungekho mthethweni.
Joanna, unomdla wokwazi ukuba kutheni kufanele kubekho ugonyamelo olumanyumnyezi ngolu hlobo nxamnye namabhinqa kwilizwe elinjengeIndiya eliyindawo ezazalelwa kuyo iinkonzo ezininzi zehlabathi? Ewe, kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba imeko ephantsi yabasetyhini kwilizwe lam inxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nobugwenxa obunzulu bezi nkolo kunye nesimo sengqondo sohanahaniso ngakubafazi kunye nokwabelana ngesondo okuthe kwakhuthaza phakathi kwamadoda amaninzi aseIndiya.
Izimo zengqondo kubafazi abaninzi baseIndiya ziyinto abayiyo namhlanje njengoko bebunjwe ngokwembali ngawona maqela amathathu athanda usapho kunye namaqela agcina ngokwesondo awaziwa luluntu. Oku kuquka iiBrahmins ezizingxameleyo, eziye zalawula uluntu lwaseIndiya kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi; abalawuli abangamaSilamsi abongezelela omnye umlinganiselo onzima wogcino-mthetho kwinkcubeko yesizwe ebudeni beenkulungwane eziliqela zolawulo lwabo olude; kunye nama-colonialists aseBritani abambeneyo, abadlula abo bangaphambili kwi-prudery kwaye benza yonke into ngokwesondo ifane negama elithi 'isono'.
Kwinguqulelo yamaBrahmanical yobuHindu abo basilahlayo isini ngokupheleleyo baze babe ngabangatshatanga banconywa njengeengcwele ezibalaseleyo eziye zazuza โukulawula iminqweno yazo esisisekoโ. Kuninzi lwamaHindu โodidi oluphezuluโ, isini โ ngenxa yonxulumano nolwelo olwahlukeneyo lomzimba- sisenzo โsokungacocekiโ kunye nento ekufuneka yenziwe kancinci, ngakumbi ngeenjongo zokuzala.
Abasetyhini, kwimbono yehlabathi yobuHindu obugcinayo, babonwa njengabo bobabini 'bamdaka' kwaye njengemiqobo kwindlela ebekekileyo yamabhongo omoya angamadoda ukudlula iimfuno zenyama kunye nokuzuza usindiso. Ngenxa yoko into esinayo kukuhanahanisa okuxhaphakileyo kwamadoda amaninzi angamaIndiya azenza ngathi โaxhathisaโ umnqweno wesini ukanti ekhanuka ngawo onke amathuba. Abasetyhini ngokuzenzekelayo, phantsi kolu luvo lwehlabathi, baba ngabemi abakudidi lwesibini, bangondleki ngokwaneleyo, basebenza ngokugqithisileyo, baxhatshazwe kwaye babulawe ngokuthanda kwabo.
Ukuza kwiSilamsi, nokuba ithini na imbono yezakwalizwi ngalo mbandela, ngokwenyani amadoda akhululekile okanye akhululekile ukuba aziphathe ngayo nayiphi na indlela ayifunayo ngelixa inani elikhulu lezithintelo ezibekwe kubasetyhini ababonwa njengabantu 'abancinci', amaxesha amaninzi nokuba. zibonwa njengeenkomo nje. Okwenyani okanye okucingelwa ngokwesondo 'ukungabi nangqiqo' kwabasetyhini abangamaSilamsi kuye ngokwesiko kuhlangatyezwane nesohlwayo esiqatha nesikhohlakeleyo.
Ngokungathi ezi mpembelelo zimbini bezingekho mbi ngokwaneleyo, ilizwe liye lafumana ilishwa lokuphila phantse iinkulungwane ezimbini phantsi kobukoloniyali baseBritane- abathi ngokuziphakamisa bathi 'bakwiphulo lempucuko' kwaye babambe 'iinkanuko ezingalawulekiyo zabemi bomthonyama' njengobungqina. 'yobuphantsi' babo.
Ngeli xesha, inkohlakalo yezesondo yamakholoniyali-eyayitsalela kakhulu kwisithethe samaJudeo-Christian sokubona isondo 'njengesono sokuqala' - safakwa kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokugweba kunye nolawulo lwaseIndiya ngemithetho ebhaliweyo. Ngoko ke umzekelo amaBhritane aguqula ubufanasini, ubufanasini kunye nokukrexeza, ezamkelwe kakuhle kakhulu kwaye eyona nto imbi kakhulu zazijongelwa phantsi luluntu lwamaIndiya - zaba zizenzo 'zolwaphulo-mthetho' ekumele zohlwaywe yimikhosi kaRhulumente.
I-Indian middle-classs nanamhlanje yeyona ndawo inkulu kunye neyona inyanisekileyo yogcino lweVictorian yaseBritane naphi na emhlabeni. Enyanisweni uninzi lwento edlulayo โnjengemilinganiselo yamaIndiyaโ okanye โindlela yokuziphathaโ kwimibandela yesini kwixesha langoku ayiyonto ingaphaya kocalucalulo olubi lwakudala oluhlala kunye namakoloniyali aseBritani asuka kumazwe angaphandle.
Izimo zengqondo zogcino malunga nesondo kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kuluntu lwaseIndiya ngekhe zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba bekungenjalo ngenxa yokuba zizisa iziphumo ezoyikekayo zentlalo kunye nezobuntu, ngakumbi kubasetyhini. Okukhona i-Indiya isenza ngathi imilinganiselo yokuziphatha imalunga nokujonga imigaqo ethile yezesondo kwaye ingayenzi kokukhona ityeshela imiba emikhulu yokuziphatha efuna ukuhoywa - intswela-bulungisa ekuhlaleni, intlupheko, indlala, ukunqongophala kokhathalelo lwempilo, , ubundlobongela bamahlelo... ixesha elide
Ukungakwazi koluntu lwaseIndiya ukujongana nomnqweno wesondo kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ngendlela ephilileyo nenedemokhrasi kubangela imeko apho ubundlobongela bubakho rhoqo phakathi kwamadoda nawo. Ngokwedatha esemthethweni ehlanganiswe yi-Indian National Crime Records Bureau yezothando kunye nezizathu zezesondo zaziphakathi kwezona zizathu zithathu ziphezulu zokubulala kunye nokubulala ngokungenanjongo okwenziwa elizweni ngo-2006.
Ukuvakalisa umnqweno wesondo ngokuqhelekileyo okanye uthando olulula ngendlela yempucuko kudimazekile kanobom kwindawo eqhelekileyo yaseIndiya kwaye oku kubangele inkcubeko apho umsindo uyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye udlwengulo okanye ukubulala ziziphumo ezingenakuthintelwa. Ke ngaphandle kokuba yiRiphabhlikhi yoThando yaseIndiya ikwayiyo, kubonakala ngathi, lingcwaba lehlabathi lothando! Kwaye-ndikholelwe- ezi ndlela zimbini zinxibelelene kakhulu.
Ngaba likho ithemba lokuba amadoda aseIndiya anokutshintsha aze aziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumabhinqa? Ndiza kuphuma intamo yam kulo mbuzo kwaye ndithi ndicinga njalo. Ithemba lilele kwinto yokuba ubuHindu beBramhani- ayisosithethe sodwa esiphembelela ilizwe elikhulu nelahlukeneyo njengeIndiya. Ngaphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-800 zabantu abafakwe phantsi kweleyibhile yegeneric ethi 'Hindu' kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeenkcubeko, iinkolelo kunye nezenzo zomntu.
Iinkcuba-buchopho zaseDalit eIndiya kudala zichaza ukuba uninzi lwabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi โoluphantsiโ lubonisa isini esikhululekileyo ngakumbi kunabona bantu basetyhini bakwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokunjalo kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala abasetyhini banewonga eliphezulu kakhulu ukuba alilingani namadoda kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi.
Ngelixa usolusapho buye balawula ubuHindu kwiIndiya yanamhlanje ngokwembali umoya wobufazi uzibanga ngamandla nawo. Izithethe โzodidi oluphezuluโ kunye nemilinganiselo yobuHindu eqhelekileyo isoloko icelwa umngeni ngamahlelo amaninzi kaMama kaThixokazi afumaneka kulo lonke elaseIndiya kwaye amandulo ukuba amdalanga kunobuHindu ngokwawo.
Ngokufanayo, i bhakti (okanye ukuzinikela) intshukumo eyaqala empuma yeIndiya nge13th kwinkulungwane, ibethelela imo yobubhinqa yothixo oyindoda wamaHindu uKrishna ize ikhuthaze ingcamango yokuba abo bazinikeleyo (abangamadoda namabhinqa) bazigqala โnjengabathandiโ beNkosi.
Ngaphakathi kweSilamsi nobuKristu, kunye nezinye iinkolo eIndiya, kukho ii-counter-currents eziqinisekisa amalungelo abasetyhini, umngeni we-orthodoxies efuna ukulawula abasetyhini kunye nokuguqula iindlela ezizezinye zokujonga isini, umzimba womntu kwaye ekugqibeleni lonke uluntu ngokwalo. Abangcwele baseSufi bamaSilamsi- abangabalingane babashumayeli be bhakti kubuHindu- basenabalandeli abaninzi abatsalwa yindlela yabo ephakathi, engeyo-macho kwizinto zokomoya.
Ngokulinganayo ibhinqa langoku lamaIndiya, nokuba kusedolophini okanye elalini, akasafuni ukoyiswa ngokulula ngamadoda kwaye lixhathisa ukulawulwa kwamadoda ngeendlela zabo ezahlukeneyo.
Zonke ezi zithethe zalatha kuzo ngamathuba eIndiya elizayo apho umba wobufazi kubo bonke abantu- umthombo wazo zonke iintlobo zobomi kunye nokuyila-ajongelwa phantsi 'njengenqambi', 'ububi' okanye 'unesono' kodwa iqondwa njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yento eyenza umhlaba wethu umangalisa kangaka.
Owakho othembekile
Satya
PS: Ngelixa ndisenethemba ngeli lizwe ndicela ungalibali ukupakisha imela ebukhali nawe xa undwendwela eIndiya kwixesha elizayo. Akukho nto iguquka ngokukhawuleza kwisizwe esikhulu esinje ngeIndiya kwaye kungcono ukukhuseleka kunokuzisola!
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela