Bahlahlobisisi le babuelli ba matla ba tikoloho ea Texas ba khothaletsa Mopresidente Joe Biden hore a phatlalatse semmuso boemo ba maemo a tšohanyetso a leholimo e le ho tiisa marang-rang a kotsi a mmuso.
Ha Biden a ntse a phatlalatsa mehato e itekanetseng ea ho loants'a koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo bekeng e fetileng setsing sa motlakase sa mashala se koetsoeng Somerset, Massachusetts, se ntse se khutlisetsoa morao bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matla a moea a tsoang lebopong la leoatle, o ile a emisa hole hole ho phatlalatsa tšohanyetso ea naha.
Phatlalatso e joalo e tla notlolla matla a macha a bolaoli a ka thusang ho netefatsa ts'epo e eketsehang bakeng sa grid ea matla ea Texas, ha e ntse e tsoela pele ho baleha. tlhahiso ea methane ho tsoa litsing tsa oli le khase sebakeng sa Permian Basin, bahlahlobisisi le babuelli ba thehiloeng Texas ba bolela Ha e le hantle. Ho feta moo, ba re matla a macha a ho khutlisa thibelo ea ho romelloa ha oli e sa tsoakoang a ka fokotsa litheko tsa khase ea lapeng ha a ntse a ts'ehetsa sechaba sa mebala sa Gulf Coast, seo hangata se bitsoang "libaka tsa mahlabelo," se loantšana le litlamorao tsa ho hloekisoa ha khase e senyehileng.
The ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e phatlalalitsoeng ke Mopresidente Biden bekeng e fetileng e tla matlafatsa indasteri ea moea e tsoang kantle ho naha Koung ea Mexico le ka Boroa-bochabela. Tsamaiso e re e boetse e rera ho sebelisa $ 2.3 bilione ho thusa sechaba ho sebetsana ka katleho le maqhubu a mocheso a tšoarellang nako e telele ka mananeo a tsamaisoang ke Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho, le mekhatlo e meng.
Joalo ka boholo ba Europe le limilione tsa Maamerika ho pholletsa le naha, Texans e ntse e tsoela pele ho fana ka likeletso tsa mocheso o tšoarellang halelele nakong ea lehlabula ka lebelo la ho chesa ka ho fetesisa ho tlalehiloeng - 'nete eo bo-ramahlale ba reng e amana le koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo.
Mocheso o chesang o tsamaisitse tlhokahalo ea motlakase ho rekota maemo a holimo, a batla a senya marang-rang a matla a Texas, a lulang a ikemetse ho li-grid tse ling tse peli tsa naha, Western Interconnection le Eastern Interconnection, esita le ka mor'a ho tima ka tšohanyetso nakong ea Winter Storm Uri ka Hlakola 2021. letsetsoa tse ngata joaloka 700 Texans e shoele le limilione tse se nang matla le metsi ka matsatsi.
Mosebeletsi oa grid ea mmuso, Lekhotla la Ts'epo ea Motlakase la Texas (ERCOT), le boletse tlhoko ea motlakase ka bokhuts'oane e ile ea feta 80,000 megawatts ka lekhetlo la pele bekeng e fetileng, ho feta esita le ponelopele e mpe ka ho fetisisa ea lehlabula eo ERCOT e neng e e lebelletse.
Ka makhetlo a mabeli khoeling ena, ERCOT e ile ea bitsa Texans, bao bongata ba bona ba ntseng ba utloa bohloko tsietsi e ntseng e tsoela pele ka lebaka la ho tima ha motlakase ka Hlakola 2021, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla nakong ea sweltering, thapama ea linomoro tse tharo kaha tlhokahalo e sokeloa ho imetsa phepelo.
Hona joale, ERCOT e laela limela tsa motlakase tse tsofalang tsa mmuso ho liehisa tlhokomelo le feta meeli ea bona ea tšilafalo e le ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa bosiu le motšehare ho pompa motlakase. Matla litsebi li lemosa lebelo la ho senya rekoto le ho lefisa tsamaiso e seng e ntse e le haufi le meeli ea eona.
ERCOT pele hlahisa phatlalatso e fosahetseng ea boralitaba ho beha molato oa matla a moea bakeng sa likhaello tsa marang-rang ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore palo ea phepelo ea moea e ne e le ka har'a likhakanyo tsa naha bakeng sa letsatsi la lehlabula ha khase, mashala le nyutlelie. ha e sebetse hantle. Bahlahlobisisi ba matla, leha ho le joalo, ba bontšitse hore matla a letsatsi le polokelo ea betri ka ho khetheha li bapetse mohlomong karolo e bohareng ka ho fetisisa ka ho boloka marang-rang a matla a mmuso a ntse a tsoela pele lehlabuleng lena.
Phatlalatso ea maemo a tšohanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo joale e ka ipaka e le bohlokoa ho lokiseng marang-rang a matla a mmuso a matla. Ho latela ho tlaleha ho tsoa ho Brian KahnPhatlalatso e joalo e ke ke ea kopa matla a eketsehileng a ts'ohanyetso joalo ka a khothaletsoang ke Mopresidente Biden's Defense Production Act (DPA) ho tšehetsa tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea liphanele tsa letsatsi, e ka fana ka ts'ebetso ea chelete bakeng sa theknoloji e hloekileng ea matla haeba mekhatlo ea mmuso e lebisa chelete e ngata ho DPA ho feta tekanyetso ea eona e lekanyelitsoeng ea $ 545 milione.
Ho feta moo, Mopresidente Biden a ka sebelisa tekanyetso ea theko ea mmuso ea $ 650 bilione mme a kenya tšebetsong merero ea ho mamella maemo a leholimo tlasa Molao oa Stafford, o tsamaisang le ho hokahanya FEMA, joalo ka lisebelisoa tse ling tlasa maemo a tšohanyetso a leholimo. Ka kopanelo, DPA, tekanyetso ea theko ea thepa le Molao oa Stafford li ka lumella mmuso matla a maholo a ho reka, ho lokolla limilione tse likete bakeng sa matla a hloekileng, likoloi tsa motlakase, 'me, ka bomalimabe, theknoloji ea polokelo ea betri e ka tsitsisang marang-rang a matla a Texas le ho boloka Texans ho tloha ho tima ha motlakase nakong e tlang. -ho beha, maqhubu a mocheso oa lehlabula a susumetsoang ke boemo ba leholimo.
"Ho ba le polokelo e ngata holim'a marang-rang ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tseo re ka li etsang ho eketsa ts'epo le botsitso ba grid," ho boletse Doug Lewin, moeletsi oa matla le mopresidente oa Stoic Energy e Austin, Texas, puisanong le Ha e le hantle.
Ho tla nka mefuta e mengata ea polokelo e ngata, o hlokometse, ho kenyelletsa le mehala ea boholo ba lebala la bolo ea maoto ea polokelo ea betri hammoho le polokelo e ajoang ka libeteri tse ikemetseng. Ho feta moo, o ile a re, polokelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e kopantsoeng le mefuta e meng ea polokelo, ho akarelletsa le moea oa tšepe le libeteri tsa phallo ea vanadium, e tla paka senotlolo sa ho ba le marang-rang a matla a matla le a ka tšeptjoang.
“Bobolokelo e ne e tla ba tsela e molemonyana ea ho finyella sehlohlolo [tlhoko] ho feta lifeme tsena [tsa matla] tsa mehleng ea ’50 tseo hangata li nang le taolo e fokolang haholo ea tšilafalo, empa li ile tsa hlahisoa, kaha [hore] li ne li sebetsa pele Molao oa Moea o Hloekileng o feta. ,” Lewin a rialo Ha e le hantle.
Polokelo ea matla a letsatsi, e kopantsoeng le lekhotla la ketsamolao la mmuso le/kapa Komisi ea Ts'ebetso ea Sechaba (PUC) e laelang phetisetso ea matla a motlakase seterekeng ho tla le merero e tiileng ea ts'ebetso ea matla a matla, ke tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoahali tsa ts'epo ea grid nakong ea maemo a leholimo a ntseng a mpefala. tlokotsi, Lewin a hlalosa. Ntle le haeba PUC e kenella, Texas e tla tsoelapele ho fumana matla a matla a tlase ka liperesente tse 80 ho feta karolelano ea linaha tse 27 tse nang le lipheo tse sebetsang hantle hajoale.
“Kipiletso ea ho baballa [matla] ha se ho baballa matla. Paballo ke ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a hau mme ha o fumane tlhahiso e tšoanang. Ho sebetsa hantle ke hore: U fumana sephetho se tšoanang, sephetho se tšoanang, ha u ntse u sebelisa matla a fokolang," Lewin o boletse Ha e le hantle. "Tlhokomelo ke bohloki ... 'me ho na le potso ea 'nete ea hore na ERCOT le PUC li ka bitsa bokae pele sechaba ka kakaretso se qala ho re, 'Lebala sena. Ha ke ho etse.’”
Ho ea ka Mookameli oa Khaolo ea Texas Sierra Club Dave Cortez, matla a mabeli le ho eketseha ha polokelo ho ka boela ha thusa ho theola likoloto tsa matla a spiking tseo Texans li tobaneng le tsona ka mor'a ho qhoma ho 'maloa mariha a fetileng, hammoho le leqhubu la mocheso oa lehlabula lena. O ile a re: "Limela tsena [tse fehlang mafura] li ntse li tšeloa fatše, 'me re ke ke ra li tšepa. Ha e le hantle. "Ha se sistimi e tšepahalang, 'me e re siea kaofela re pepesehetse litheko tse holimo haholo tsa motlakase."
Cortez o lemositse hore kamora hore leqhubu la mocheso lehlabuleng lena le fete, limilione tsa Texans li ka ba le mokoloto o phahameng haholo ka lebaka la likoloto tsa motlakase tse ntseng li phahama. Bo-ralipolotiki le balaoli ba tlameha ho etsa meralo hona joale ea ho thibela ho koaloa ha litšebeletso, joalo ka ha ba entse nakong ea seoa, o boletse joalo.
Ntle le ho ts'oara marang-rang a Texas, Cortez le babuelli ba bang ba tikoloho le matla ba Texas ba khothaletsa Mopresidente Biden ho kopa matla a ts'ohanyetso ho emisa ho hira oli le khase lebopong la Gulf of Mexico le ho netefatsa hore Lenaneo la ho qetela la 2023-2028 la Ho hira Oli le Khase ha le akarelletse letho. khiro e ncha ea oli le khase kae kapa kae haufi le lebopo la United States, ho kenyeletsoa Alaska le Gulf.
Ho khutlisa thibelo ea lilemo tse 40 ea thekiso ea oli e sa tsoakoang eo Congress e e phahamisitseng ka 2015 ho ne ho ke ke ha thusa feela ho tsitsisa likhase tsa methane tse tsoang ho dutla le ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa oli le khase sebakeng sa Permian Basin, hape ho ka theola litheko pompong ea khase. , babuelli ba re. Le hoja ho thibela ho romelloa ka ntle ho ka 'na ha tlala 'maraka oa lehae oa United States, ho etsa hore litheko li theohe, bahloekisi ba ka thibela mokhoa oo ka ho fokotsa lihlahisoa le ho phahamisa litheko.
Tlaleho ea Machaba ea Phetoho ea Oli e hakanya hore methane e tsoang ho Permian e tla ba lithane tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 9.5 tsa CO2-e lekanang le 2050 ha khase e robehileng e ntse e ntšoa. e lebelletsoe ho eketsa liperesente tsa 50 lilemong tse leshome tse tlang ho fihlela tlhoko ea lefats'e (ho fapana le tlhoko ea lehae). Sena se hanana le ho theoha ha boemo ba leholimo ka liperesente tse 40 tseo bo-ramahlale ba reng lia hlokahala ho futhumala ka tlase ho likhato tse 1.5 tsa Celsius.
Ho feta moo, oli le khase ea Permian li romelloa ka liphaephe ho ea Gulf Coast 'me li hloekisoa ka limela tse chefo tsa petrochemical bakeng sa ho romelloa ka ntle 'marakeng oa lefatše. Haeba e tse ngata tse reriloeng Ho hahoa merero ea ho romela oli, petrochemical le seo ho thoeng ke liquefied natural gas (LNG) tlas'a taolo ea federal, metse ea Gulf Coast le tikoloho e tla tsoela pele ho utloa bohloko ka liphello tse sa lekanyetsoang tsa tšilafalo e eketsehileng - ebe e nka likotlo tse eketsehileng nakong ea maholiotsoana a bakoang ke boemo ba leholimo.
Nakong ea ho tima ha Sefefo sa Mariha sa Uri, Cortez o re, "Re bone lik'hamphani tsa khase li tsoela pele ho romela khase le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khaello ea phepelo ea khase lifemeng tsa rona tsa motlakase .... Hantle-ntle, sechaba se haufi le Gulf Coast se seng se ntse se sokola ... eseng feela [ka] likoloto tse ntseng li phahama, mabapi le motlakase oa bona le bothata ba ho boloka matlo a bona a le teng, a bata ebile a le theko e tlaase; ba ’nile ba angoa ke lifefo tse matla tse tsoang South Texas, Rio Grande Valley ho ea fihla New Orleans.”
Moitseki oa boemo ba leholimo ba Frontline John Beard, ea qetileng lilemo tse mashome a sebetsa femeng ea lehae ea Exxon e Port Arthur, Texas, mme hamorao a theha Port Arthur Community Action Network, le eena o khothalelitse Mopresidente Biden ho nka khato ea ho emisa ho hira oli e ncha le khase le merero ea LNG ho. le haufi le Kou. "Fortune o rata ba sebete, 'me re batla hore mopresidente oa rona a fane ka boetapele hore e be mopresidente oa boemo ba leholimo eo a itseng e tla ba eena," ho bolela Beard. "Se etsahetseng joale ke hore mopresidente o behiloe maemong ao ha e le hantle a tlamehang ho mamella kapa ho koala. A ke ke a hlola a re bolella ka lintho tsena ’me a se ke a nka khato e hlokahalang.”
Mabapi le ts'ebetso e itekanetseng ea ts'ebetso eo Mopresidente Biden a e phatlalalitseng bekeng e fetileng, Cortez o boletse Ha e le hantle hore tsamaiso e mpa e beha chelete e ngata morao ho matla le mananeo a ho mamella maemo a leholimo a seng a ntse a le teng, ho e-na le ho fana ka a macha. Leha ho le joalo, Cortez o ntse a e-na le tšepo e hlokolosi mabapi le boiteko bo bocha ba Lefapha la Litaba tsa ka Hare ho atolosa matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la leoatle libakeng tse peli Koung ea Gulf, ho kenyeletsa le le leng le lebōpong la Texas.
Sierra Club le mekhatlo e meng ea tikoloho e hatella Bureau of Ocean Energy Management ho hokela litekanyetso tse matla tsa koetliso le polokeho ea basebetsi ho khiro ea moea e tsoang kantle ho naha Biden e phatlalalitsoeng bekeng e fetileng, hammoho le ts'ireletso e matla ea tikoloho bakeng sa liphoofolo tse hlaha tse kotsing.
"Re batla ho bona Texans e fumana molemo o moholo ho tsoa ho matsete a moea o lebōpong la leoatle, 'me hona joale, hobane ke Texas le Louisiana le mebuso e meng e tšabehang ea Gulf Coast, ha ho na tiiso ea hore tsena e tla ba mesebetsi e tšehetsang malapa, e lefang hantle, "Cortez o re.
O ile a buella koetliso likolong tse phahameng tsa Texas le likolecheng tsa sechaba libakeng tse itšetlehileng ka mesebetsi ea kaho - libaka tse kang Brownsville, Port Arthur, Beaumont le Corpus Christi. Maemo a matla a basebetsi bakeng sa khiriso ea moea o kantle ho naha, Cortez o re, e tla netefatsa mesebetsi e telele le e tsitsitseng bakeng sa likete tse sebetsang ho aha le ho etsa likarolo tsa likarolo ho sebeletsa mapolasi a moea metsing a kopaneng a Koung. Hona joale, ha ho na merero e joalo.
Bakeng sa Cortez, phetoho e nepahetseng e tlameha ho tsamaisana le mohato o matla haholoanyane ho ea tsamaisong ea demokrasi ea matla, moo batho ba sebetsang hantle ba khonang ho theha liqeto mabapi le hore na ba fumana matla le metsi a bona joang. Sena se bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ka mor'a hore Mariha Storm Uri a tlise phetisetso e kholo ea leruo ho tloha ho basebetsi ba Texans ho ea ho lik'hamphani tsa matla tsa lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse kang Energy Transfer Partners, CenterPoint Energy le Encore, tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho kenya lipokothong tsa baetsi ba molao ba mmuso ba kang Gov. Greg Abbott le Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick.
Cortez o re: "Mmuso oa rona o ntse o hapiloe ke indasteri ea oli le khase, 'me ke sona se ileng sa lumella hore thibelo ea kantle ho naha ea oli e tlosoe qalong. "Ke sona se ileng sa lumella [Mopresidente oa mehleng Barack] Obama ho fana ka tumello kaho ea Keystone XL e Texas. E ntse e le eona ntho e re jellang chelete e ngata hakana pompong, 'me e lumella tsamaiso ena e robehileng hore e lule e le teng. "
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