Xigasho: CARUUR
Madaxweyne Evo Morales ayaa ku guuleystay mar labaad doorashadii madaxtinimo ee Bolivia 20-kii Oktoobar ee la soo dhaafay, taasoo ah doorasho ka hor. saadaasha doorashada. Waxa uu helay 47% codadkii la dhiibtay doorasho dhacday 88% codadkii la dhiibtay. Waxa uu ku garaacay xifaaltankii ugu dhawaa 10 dhibcood, taas oo ka dhigan in aan wareeg labaad loo baahnayn.
Laakiin maalin ka dib doorashadii, Ururka Dawladaha Maraykanka (OAS), oo Morales u oggolaaday inuu kormeero doorashada, ayaa soo saaray war-saxaafadeed ay ku andacoonayaan inuu jiro "isbeddel ba'an oo adag in la sharaxo ee isbeddelka horudhaca ah. natiijooyinka." Waxay ahayd sheegasho been ah oo cad (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Inkasta oo Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Dhaqaalaha iyo Siyaasadda ee fadhigeedu yahay Washington, DC (CEPR) ay isla markiiba soo saartay bayaan (10/22/19) Iyagoo tilmaamaya cilada aasaasiga ah ee falanqaynta OAS-waxa ay iska indha tiraysaa in meelaha laga soo sheegay goor hore ay ka duwanaan karaan kuwa soo daahayโOAS waxa ay sii waday in ay sheegto in isbeddelka isbeddelku uu caddayn u yahay khiyaanada. CEPR waxay ku adkaysatay inay soo bandhigto khiyaanada OAS-tusaale ahaan, warqad ku jirta haanta fikirka la daabacay Noofambar 8 iyo op-ed in MarketWatch (11/19/19Waxaa qoray aasaasaha CEPR Mark Weisbrot. Diseembar 12, kulanka golaha joogtada ah, OAS-kaas oo helaya 60% maalgelinteeda Dowladda Mareykanka -waa diiday si loogu ogolaado Jake Johnston inuu soo bandhigo CEPR's jawaab hordhac ah ilaa warbixintii ugu dambaysay ee OAS ee doorashada.
Dhanka kale, diidmada OAS ee doorashada waxay hurisay mudaaharaadyo rabshado wata oo (oo ay weheliso dhaqanka khiyaanada ah ee millatariga Bolivia iyo booliiska) ku qasbay Morales inuu ka cararo Bolivia Noofambar 10 si uu iska ilaali in lagu dhufto. Ciidamada ammaanka ee Bolivia ayaa "waxay u soo jeediyeen" Morales inuu is casilo, taasoo u ogolaanaysa in dalka laga saaro ( gurigiisa la dhacay), laakiin ka dibna si dil ah u soo baxay si uu u xoojiyo afgambiga. Laba toddobaad gudahood, 32 dadka ayaa la dilay iyagoo ka mudaaharaadaya kali taliskii qabsaday ka dib markii uu baxsaday. Kalitalisnimada si cad ayuu u yidhi waxay xiri doontaa Morales haddii uu ku laabto Bolivia.
Dabayaaqadii bishii hore, MIT Election Data iyo cilmi-baarayaasha ScienceLab John Curiel iyo Jack R. Williams ayaa daabacay falanqaynta natiijada doorashada Washington Post (2/27/20). The waxbarasho CEPR ayaa u wakiishay inay muujiso in falanqaynteeda si madax bannaan loo xaqiijin karo. Cilmi-baarayaasha MIT waxay soo gabagabeeyeen in "ma jiraan wax caddayn ah oo xisaabin ah oo khiyaano ah oo aan heli karno," iyo in "falanqaynta tirakoobka OAS iyo gabagabada ay u muuqan doonto mid si qoto dheer u cilladaysan."
Taasi waa hab cilmi leh laakiin aad u edeb badan in loo dhigo. OAS waxay si isdaba joog ah u samaysay sheegashooyinka tirakoobka ee ku saabsan doorashada Bolivia kuwaas oo si cad u beenoobay. Marka la eego kuwa caadiga ah, taasi waxaa loo yaqaannaa been.
Beenta OAS waxay u caddaatay inay dilaan dadka Bolivia oo dimuquraadiyadooda burburisay, laakiin OAS waxay ka fogaatay xisaabtanka oo dhan sababtoo ah, markii ay ugu muhiimsanayd, warbaahinta shirkadaha ayaa ka gaashaamatay in la baadho. Inta u dhaxaysa doorashada Oktoobar iyo December 26, Reuters la daabacay Qalabka 128 ku saabsan xaalada siyaasadeed ee Bolivia oo dhamaantood ku guul daraystay in la sheego dadaalka loogu jiro in OAS ay ka noqoto sheegashada tirakoobka beenta ah. Halkii, Reuters regurgitated in marar badan sheegato iyada oo aan raad shaki lahayn (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Maalmo ka dib doorashada, the Washington Post guddiga tifaftirka (10/24/19) si aan qarsoodi ahayn loo soo xigtay OAS oo muujinaya "walwal iyo yaab ku saabsan isbeddelka adag oo ay adagtahay in la caddeeyo isbeddelka u janjeera natiijooyinka hordhaca ah." Tifaftiruhu wuxuu intaas ku daray in "Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka ay soo saartay fariin la mid ah," sida haddii ay kor u qaaday kalsoonida OAS. Maalin ka dib Morales cararay, the Post (11/11/19) waxaa la socday tifaftir kale oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Bolivia waxay ku jirtaa Khatarta ah inay ku siibto fowdo. Waa qaladka Evo Morales."
Haddii Post Guddiga tifaftirka wax walba way ka ogaayeen dhaleeceynta kulul ee OAS ay heshay, gabi ahaanba way ka aamustay. Dhab ahaantiina waa suurtogal in xubnaha guddiga tifaftirka aysan waxba ogeyn, haddii ay ku tiirsanaadaan warbixintooda warqadooda. The PostMatoorka raadinta ayaa soo bandhigay toban maqaal oo keliya tan iyo doorashadii Oktoobar 20 oo ay ku jiraan ereyada "Bolivia," "Morales" iyo "OAS." Kaliya labo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa sheegay wax kasta oo naqdi ah OAS: Mid waa Noofembar 19-ka op-ed Gabriel Hetland (11/19/19), midda kale waa gabalka Post hadda waxaa daabacay cilmi-baarayaasha MIT (2/27/20).
December 2, ee Guardian daabacay warqad oo ay saxeexeen 98 dhaqaaleyahanno iyo tirokoobyahanno ah oo waydiisanaya OAS inay ka noqoto sheegashooyinkeeda tirakoobka beenta ah. Fasaxyada noocan oo kale ah ee aamusnaanta dadaalka CEPR ee la xisaabtanka OAS dhamaantood aad bay dhif u ahaayeen. Xataa a Guardian oo ay samaysay Hetland oo ka soo horjeeday afgambiga.11/13/19) ayaa sheegay OAS sheegashada ku saabsan doorashada iyadoo aan waxba laga sheegin dhaleeceynta ay ka heleen CEPR.
Sida Post, maalin ka dib Morales ka cararay Bolivia, the New York Times guddiga tifaftirka (11/11/19) waxa uu afgambiga ku tilmaamay tallaabo halis ah balse lagama maarmaan u ah soo celinta dimuqraadiyadda:
Hogaamiye la doortay si qasab ah looga eryo waa qeexid dib u dhac ku yimid dimoqraadiyada, sidaas darteedna waa daqiiqad halis ah. Laakiin marka hoggaamiyuhu uu si badheedh ah ugu takri-falo awoodda iyo hayโadaha ay dadka doorteen, sidii Madaxweyne Evo Morales ku sameeyey Bolivia, waa isaga kan meesha ka saaraya sharcinimadiisa, isaga oo ku khasba in uu dibadda u baxo inta badan waxa ay noqotaa doorashada keliya ee hadhay. Taasi waa waxa ay Bolivia sameeyeen, waxa hadhayna waa in la rajaynayo in Mr. Morales uu si nabad ah musaafuris ugu galo Mexico iyo in uu Bolivia ka caawiyo dib u soo celinta dimoqraadiyadeedii dhaawacantay.
Sida oo kale Post, ka Times Xubnaha guddiga tifaftirka waxay ahaayeen kuwo jaahil ah (ama aan dan ka lahayn) OAS oo marar badan ka been sheegay doorashada. The Times dhawaan ayaa la daabacay maqaal war ah (2/28/20) ku saabsan cilmi-baarayaasha MIT ee diiday beenta OAS. Maqaalku wuxuu sheegay in cilmi-baarayaashu "ay galeen dood adag oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah oo ku saabsan sharcinimada Mr. Morales." Dooddaas "adag" waxaa asal ahaan aastay warbaahinta shirkadda markii laga yaabo inay ka hortagto afgambi. Dhacdo ahaan, hadda xitaa Reuters (3/1/20) ayaa si cad u sheegay daraasadda MIT.
Beentii ay ku dhegtay ayaa si daahsoon u heshay dhaleecayn heersare ah, OAS ka jawaabay si cadho leh u daraasadda. Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay eegeen mid ka mid ah eedeymaha ay soo jeedisay, OAS ayaa ka cawday, iyada oo leh "wax isdabamarin" kale ayaa ansixiyay qiimeynteeda doorashada. Waxa yaab leh, OAS waxa kale oo ay sheegtay in ay sii wadato โinay garab istaagtoโ falanqaynteeda tirakoobka beenta ah.
Dhammaan doorashooyinku waxay leeyihiin xoogaa "wax isdabamarin ah" iyo "Nuglaan", sida cod-bixiye kasta oo Maraykan ah waa inuu si fiican u ogaado. Taasi si toos ah uma caddaynayso in natiijada qashinka lagu tuuro. Haddii ay dhacdo, doorasho kasta waxa si xaq-darro ah u ceebayn kara kormeerayaal aan damiir lahayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, CEPR sameeyey cinwaanka eedeymaha kale, soo bandhigida OAS waxay diiday inay u ogolaato inay sameyso (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Halkaa marka ay marayso, warbixinta OAS ee ku saabsan doorashada Bolivia waa in la tuuraa, marka laga reebo ujeedada baaritaan lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku saabsan sida shaqadan naxdinta leh ay waligeed ku timidโoo si aan qarsoodi ahayn loo faafiyay, loona rogay saameyn ba'an. Adduunyada cadaaladda ah, shaqooyinku waa waayi doonaan, Xoghayaha Guud ee OAS Luis Almagro wuu is casili doonaa. Laakiin marka aad haysato kormeerayaal doorasho oo ay ku eegayaan dawladda Maraykanka, iyo warbaahin shirkadeed oo diyaar u ah in ay wax u tabiso, waxa kaliya oo la soo doortay saraakiisha sida saxda ah loo soo doortay ee dalalka saboolka ah ee u baahan cabsida caynkaas ah cawaaqibka-iyo ka sii daran.
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