Xigasho: CARUUR
HBO Max bilaabay baahinta dukumeenti Sebtember 15: A La Calle ("To the Street"). Waxay muujinaysaa hoggaamiyeyaasha mucaaradka ee uu Maraykanku taageero ee Venezuela inay yihiin geesiyaal dimoqraadiyad-doon ah oo la dagaallamaya keli-talis naxariis daran- dib u noqoshada guud ee runta. A Daily bahalka maqaal (9/13/21Kor u qaadida filimka ayaa cinwaan looga dhigay " Qabsashada Venezuela ee ka soo jeeda Cadaabta Hantiwadaaga ", taas oo si kooban u gudbinaysa filimka filimka, oo soo jeedinaysa sababta ay u heshay weyn madal shirkadeed sida HBO Max, ka tirsan AT & T's Warner Media.
Laga soo bilaabo trailer kali ah, waa wax iska cad A La Calle wuxuu muujinayaa hogaamiyaha mucaaradka Venezuela Leopoldo López inuu yahay dimuqraadi sharaf leh. Taasi waa wax laga xumaado.
Dhaxalka isku daygii afgambiga gacan ka hadalka ahaa
López, oo hore u ahaan jiray fulinta warshadaha saliida, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dambiilayaasha Inqilaab uu Maraykanku taageeray sannadkii 2002-dii oo muddo kooban xilka lagaga tuuray madaxweynihii sida dimuqraadiga ah loo doortay ee wakhtigaas, Hugo Chavez. Kalitalisnimo hoos timaada fulinta ganacsiga Peter Carmona waxay dishay 60 mudaaharaad labadii maalmood ee ay xukunka haysay. ( Mid kale 19 dadkaLopez - oo uu weheliyo siyaasi kale oo caan ah, Henrique Capriles - ayaa hoggaamiyay afduubka wasiirkii dawladda Chavistas, iyada oo Carmona uu xukunka hayay. López wuxuu ka soo muuqday TV-ga maxalliga ah, isagoo ku faanaya oo wuxuu ku yidhi in uu u sheegay "Madaxweyne Carmona" afduubka.
Dhowr bilood ka dib, López wuxuu taageeray a isku daygii afgambiga weynaa ee labaad, burburinta ay mucaaradku hogaaminayaan ee warshadaha saliida ee bixiyay ku dhawaad dhammaan dakhliga dhoofinta ee Venezuela. Isku daygii afgambi ee ka dhanka ahaa Chavez ayaa heerka faqriga u horseeday ka badan 60% horaanta sanadka 2003-ka.
López ayaa mar kale taageeray mudaaharaadyo rabshado wata 2013 ka dib musharraxa uu taageeray, Capriles, wuu diiday inuu aqbalo khasaarihiisa Madaxweyne Nicolás Maduro oo ku guuleystay doorashadii ugu horreysay ee madaxweynenimada ka dib dhimashadii Hugo Chavez. Sannadkaas ka dib, López dhaleeceeyay Capriles joojinta mudaaharaadyada, iyagoo sheegay inay ahayd inay sii wadaan ilaa Maduro laga tuurayo. Markii Capriles ay joojiyeen mudaaharaadyada, waxay horay u dileen sagaal qof oo dhammaantood taageersan Maduro.
López waxa uu bilaabay mudaaharaadyo horraantii 2014 kii taas oo horseeday Dhimashada 43: Kala badhkood si adag u tilmaamay masuuliyadda taageerayaashiisa. Waxay ahayd ka dib markii uu hogaaminayay dadaalkii afraad ee Maraykanku taageeray ee lagu ridayay dawladda Venezuela ee la doortay in López ugu dambeyntii jeelka galay.
Ma aha cudur daar, laakiin iska indhatiraya dembiyada
Waxaan daawaday dukumentiga oo dhan, anigoo xiiso u qabay inaan arko sida saxda ah ee filimku u caddeeyo dhammaan isku daygii afgambi ee López uu ku lug lahaa, iyo sida ay u diidi lahayd rabshadaha taageerayaashiisa iyo xulafadiisa ay sameeyeen 20kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.
Waxaan sidoo kale la yaabay sida filimku u cudur daaran doono cunaqabataynta dhaqaale ee Maraykanka ee Venezuela - falalka dagaal ee dhacay lala xiriirinayo dhimashada oo ah tobanaan kun oo reer Venezuela ah dhamaadka 2018 oo keliya. Marka la gaaro 2021, cunaqabateynta Mareykanka, oo si aan kala joogsi lahayn loo xoojiyay ilaa 2019, ayaa hoos u dhigtay dakhliga dowladda Venezuela 99%, sida laga soo xigtay baaraha gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay Alena Douhan.
Waxaan filayey inaan arko doodo xun xun oo dembiyadan oo dhan qiil uga dhigaya. Taa beddelkeeda, dukumentiga ayaa tafatiray iyaga gabi ahaanba jiritaankooda. Midkoodna arrimahan lama sheegin xitaa hal mar: waxba kama jiraan isku daygii afgambi ee uu Maraykanku taageeray ka hor 2014, waxba ku saabsan dagaal dhaqaale oo ba'an oo Maraykanku ku hayo Venezuela tan iyo 2017.
Dhaqaaleyahan reer Venezuela Ricardo Hausmann iyo Tamara Taracuk (Agaasime ku xigeenka Ameerika ee Human Rights Watch) waxay mudan yihiin in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho hufnaanta hadallada ay sheegeen.
Cashar taariikhi ah oo qalloocan
Filimka, Hausmann wuxuu sheegay in Chávez uu xukunka qabtay sababtoo ah 1998, sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Chavez la doortay, "wuxuu ahaa sanad dhaqaale ahaan adag." Xaqiiqdii, Venezuela waxay lahayd dhowr masiibo tobanaan sano ka hor inta aan Chavez markii ugu horeysay la dooran. Hausmann waa inuu ogaadaa, sababtoo ah 1992, wuxuu wasiir noqday ee dawladda Carlos Andres Perez, kaas oo ku kacay Xasuuqa Caracazo 1989: Boqolaal, malaha kumanaan, dad masaakiin ah ayaa la toogtay shan maalmood oo mudaaharaadyo looga soo horjeeday barnaamij ay IMF soo rogtay.
Maqaalka dhowaan (FAIR.org, 8/26/21), Justin Podur iyo anigu waxaan dib u eegis ku sameynay taariikhda dhaqaalaha Venezuela, taas oo muujinaysa in ay weligeed la kulantay saboolnimada naxdinta leh iyo sinnaan la'aanta, inkastoo Venezuela ay tahay dhoofinta saliidda ugu weyn tan iyo 1930-yadii. Dabcan, "Descent Venezuela Into Capitalist Hell" ma aha cinwaan aad u badan tahay inaad ka hesho caymiska warbaahinta shirkadaha laga soo bilaabo xilligii hore-Chávez.
Ka dib markii uu si khiyaano leh u sharraxay sababta Chavez markii ugu horreysay loo doortay, Hausmann wuxuu u dhaqaaqay been abuur weyn. "Hugo Chavez, shantii sano ee ugu horeysay, wax badan ayuu bedelay," ayuu yiri, "laakiin xaaladda dhaqaale ma soo hagaagin."
Taasi waa been aad u qallafsan oo laga tagay. Hausmann wuu dayacay in uu sheego in shantii sano ee ugu horeysay, Chavez uu ku dhacay laba isku day oo waaweyn oo uu Maraykanku taageeray oo dhaqaalaha burburiyay. Isagoo ka badbaaday isku dayga afgambiga, Chavez wuxuu ahaa, 2003, ugu dambeyntii wuxuu awooday inuu gacanta ku dhigo shirkadda saliidda ee dawladda, PDVSA, oo ah isha ugu weyn ee dalka ee lacagta adag.
Hausmann ayaa markaas khiyaanay daawadayaasha mar kale isagoo leh, "2004, qiimaha saliidda ayaa kor u kacay. Isla markiiba Hugo Chavez waxa uu ogaaday in uu haysto lacag badan.”
Qiimaha saliidda ayaa runtii kor u kacayay tan iyo 1998, sanadkii ka hor inta uusan Chavez xilka la wareegin. Nasiib wanaag inta badan dadka reer Venezuela, qiimaha saliidda ayaa kor u kacay dhowr sano ka dib markii Chávez uu ugu dambeyntii la wareegay kontoroolka PDVSA ee sariflayaasha. Markaa dhaqaaluhu waxa uu awooday in uu si degdeg ah uga soo kabsado isku daygii afgambiga oo uu bilaabo xilli aad u cajiib ah dhimista faqriga.
Horta 'dhawaan' ma jiraan?
Qiyaastii 40 daqiiqo gudaheed dukumentiga, Tamara Taracuk oo ka tirsan Human Rights Watch ayaa sheegaysa in mudaaharaadyada rabshadaha wata ee 2017 (kaas oo filimku uu muujinayo Leopoldo López oo ku dhiirigelinaya xabsiga xabsiga) ma laha "wax horudhac ah taariikhda Venezuela ee dhow." Erayga “dhawaan” waxa uu si weyn u qaadayaa culayska hadalkan maan-galnimada ah.
Miyuu ahaa isku daygii afgambi ee Abriil, 2002 (kaas oo dilay 79 qof, si weyn u taageersanaa Hugo Chavez, si koobanna u afgambiyay dawladda) ma ahayn "dhawaan," dhimasho ama siyaasad ahaan muhiim u ah oo ku filan in lagu bixiyo "hore" mudaaharaadyadii 2017, kaas oo ka tagay 126 dad dhintay? Sidoo kale, waa ma cadda haddii inta badan dhibanayaasha 2017 ay ahaayeen mudaaharaadayaal mucaarad ah. Qaar ka mid ah mudaaharaadayaasha ayaa ku kacay xad-gudubyo aad u fool xun, sida in nolosha lagu gubo Orlando Figuera, 21 jir ah Afro Venezuela taageere u ah dawladda Venezuela.
Ka warran Xasuuqii Caracazo ee 1989-kii, kaas oo ay geysatay dawlad taageersan Maraykanka? Ma lagu tiriyaa sidii "taariikhdii dhawaa ee Venezuela"? Shan maalmood gudaheed, tirada dhimashada Caracazo ayaa kor u dhaaftay, lagana yaabo in lagu kala amar qaato, isku darka tirada dhimashada ee dhammaan dhinacyada intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii uu Maraykanku taageeray ee looga soo horjeeday dawladihii Venezuela ee Chavista ee 2002, 2013, 2014 iyo 2017. (Dhacdo, xasuuqii Caracazo ayaa sidoo kale dhacay. wax saameyn ah kuma yeelan xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee Mareykanka/Venezuela, ama warfidiyeenka saxafada Mareykanka ee ku saabsanaa dowladda Venezuela waqtigaas-FAIR.org, 8/26/21.)
Qiyaastii hal saac iyo 28 daqiiqo filimka, Taraciuk wuxuu sheegay in "dowlad kasta oo hufan" ee xaaladda dhaqaale ee xun ee Venezuela ay "waydiisan doonto gargaar", laakiin Maduro wuxuu "xiray albaabka gargaarka caalamiga ah, kaas oo la heli karo." Tani waxay ahayd been inta badan la sheego bishii Febraayo 2019, markii dawladda Trump, oo ka cusub u aqoonsan Juan Guaidó inuu yahay madaxweynaha ku meel gaadhka ah ee Venezuela, ay dalbatay in militariga Venezuela ay ka hor yimaadaan Maduro oo ay u oggolaadaan $20 milyan oo ah "gargaar" oo loo maleynayo inay ka soo galaan Colombia (FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
Xataa wakhtigaas, tiradan "gargaarka" waxay ahayd khalad wareeg ah marka loo eego kuwa saamaynta cunaqabataynta dhaqaale in Trump uu soo rogay tan iyo Agoosto 2017. Taracuk waligiis su'aal ka keenin "akhlaaqda" ee Trump si ula kac ah u doortay inuu ceejiyo dhaqaalaha horeyba u ahaa dhibaato. Taas oo keliya ayaa ka dhigaysa faallooyinkeeda mid foolxun, laakiin sidoo kale, liddi ku ah waxa ay ku andacoonayso, Maduro waxa uu codsaday gargaar caalami ah oo Venezuela ay heli jirtay ka hor kaalmada uu Maraykanku hoggaamiyo ee 2019 (FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
Ka go'an dacaayad been abuur ah
Dukumentiga waxaa ka go'an dacaayad been abuur ah oo laga soo bilaabo 2019 taas oo sidoo kale siinaysa aragtida ah in baabuur gargaar ah oo marayay xadka Colombia ay dab qabadsiiyeen ciidamada daacadda u ah Maduro. "Saddex ama afar baabuur ayaa galay dhulka Venezuela, laakiin mid ka mid ah waa la gubay," López ayaa ku yiri kamarada. The Grayzone (2/24/19) iyo xoogaa ka dib xataa New York Times (3/10/19) waa uu beeniyey beentaas, isagoo xusay video waxay muujinaysaa in gaadhiga uu dab qabadsiiyay mudaaharaad mucaarad ah.
Ka dib 2019, warbaahinta reer galbeedka ayaa dhab ahaantii ka dhaqaaqday inay riixdo beenta ah in Maduro uu diiday gargaarka caalamiga ah, sababta oo ah Trump, iyo hadda Biden, ayaa si cad uga xumaaday dagaalkooda dhaqaale ee Venezuela.FAIR.org, 3/25/20, 7/21/21).
Qiyaastii 70 daqiiqo gudaheed dukumentiga, Taraciuk wuxuu si adag u sheegay in codadku aysan ahayn qarsoodi intii lagu jiray doorashadii madaxtinimo ee May 2018 ee Maduro uu ku guuleystay cod aqlabiyad ah, isagoo sheegay in codbixiyayaashu "ay ahayd inay maraan dhibic cas si ay codkooda u diiwaan galiyaan.” The dhibco casaan ah ("dhibcaha cas") waa dukaamada dawladda ayaa had iyo jeer dhigay meel u dhow xarumaha codbixinta ee codbixinta ka bixida. Xitaa qoraa anti-Maduro oo weeraray dukaamadan sida "blackmail" waxay qiratay in dowladdu aysan garan karin sida dadku u codeeyeen.
Sidoo kale waa munaafaqnimo qoto dheer in lagu eedeeyo in Maduro uu ku qasbay codbixiyayaasha, isagoo iska indhatiraya khatarta muuqata ee Maraykanku u diray codbixiyayaasha Venezuela tan iyo 2017: in dagaalka dhaqaale ee naafeeyay ee ka dhanka ah Venezuela uu sii socon doono oo uu sii xoojin doono ilaa Maduro la afgambiyo.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirinta codadka Maduro ee 2018 waxay la socotay heerka taageerada a Codbixinta Pew Research (si dhib yar u ah dharka Pro-Maduro) ayaa soo jeediyay inuu haysto dhowr bilood ka dib. Waxay ogaatay in 33% dadka reer Venezuela "ay ku kalsoon yihiin dowladda qaranka inay u sameyso waxa ku habboon Venezuela." Taasi sidoo kale waa heerka taageerada codbixiyayaasha xaqa u leh ee sida joogtada ah ugu guulaysta doorashooyinka Kanada, Maraykanka iyo UK (War Saxaafadeed, 1/28/19).
Qayb ka mid ah xoolihii warbaahinta reer galbeedka
Filimka oo dhan, cajalado badan oo ka soo baxa warbaahinta waaweyn ayaa xoojinaya daacadnimada filimka. Fox News weriyaha Bryan Llenas wuxuu leeyahay, "Venezuela waxay ku burburaysaa culeyska nidaamka dulmiga ah ee Maduro." A BBC Suxufigu waxa uu Maduro ku eegayaa quudhsi boqortooyo maadaama uu, si sax ah, u diiday sheegashada ah in dib-u-doorashadiisa 2018 ay ahayd mid aan sharci ahayn.
Warbaahinta reer galbeedka ayaa muddo dheer soo saartay nooc gaabin ah, oo ku soo noqnoqonaysa si aan dhammaad lahayn, taas oo u baahan gebi ahaanba ciqaab la'aan siyaasiyiinta uu Maraykanku taageero sida Leopoldo López ee Venezuela. Cawaaqib kasta oo sharci ah oo ka yimaada fallaagada uu Maraykanku taageerayo waxaa lagu tilmaamaa dulmi (FAIR.org, 4/23/18).
US warbaahinta madadaalada Waxay sidoo kale gacan ka geysteen ololaha cayda ah ee ka dhanka ah dowladda MaduroFAIR.org, 9/18/19). Sanadkii la soo dhaafay Eetaan Hawke sameeyey a waraysi qosol badan Lopez (saaxiib hore oo Hawke la kulmay markii uu dhiganayay dugsi sare oo gaar ah oo ku yaal New York). Aad bay u fududahay in la arko sababta HBO Max Waxaan ku dareemi lahaa raaxo baahinta dukumentiga sida wax lagu qoslo sida A La Calle.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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