Musarudzo dzakaitwa munyika dzeDonetsk neLugansk peopleโs republic musi waNovember 2, 2014, akakunda aiva mutungamiriri weRussia. Izvi, uye izvi chete, ndiyo yaive poindi yezvematongerwo enyika yekuvhota. Asi kukunda kunoramba kwakasimba uye kune zvikonzero.
Kubva pakatanga kumukira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUkraine hutungamiriri hwemutungamiri muKremlin hwakatanga kumisa hutongi hwahwo pamusoro pemaitiro aiitika. Kuedza kwayo kwakashata, sezvo kuratidzira kwega kwakatevera pfungwa dzayo, ukuwo vatungamiriri vaive vaiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha nerutsigiro rweMoscow vakabuda musimba - sezvakaita aimbove mushandi weFederal Security Service Igor Strelkov, semutungamiri wehurumende. mauto akachinja kuita musoro mukuru weKremlin - kana kurasikirwa nezvinzvimbo, sezvakaitika kune veKremlin henchmen avo Strelkov muna Chikunguru akadzinga muDonetsk mukunyadziswa.
Kremlin yakatarisana nedambudziko rembiri. Kune rimwe divi, zvaive zvakakosha kumisa bato richikura munzira yekuchinja kwemagariro - vashandi vevapanduki vakanga vachitora zvakasiyana-siyana kutonga kwemabhizinesi, kana kuda kurudziro, kana kufambisira mberi masirogani anopikisa-oligarchic uye anopokana-capitalist.
MuLugansk neDonetsk vatungamiri vehurumende vaigara vachizivisa kudiwa kwekugadza "zvinhu zvesocialism". Mukuita zvinhu zvese zvaingogumira pakutaura kuzere, asi mukati mavo matauriro aya akapupurira kumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kubva pasi, nepo zvaidiwa zvakaiswa muDonetsk zvaiwanawo rutsigiro rwakajeka kune rumwe rutivi rwemuganhu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakanga zvakafanira kudziviswa vane utsinye vakanga vachida kutevera hondo nehurumende yeKiev kusvika kumagumo anokunda, vachipidigura hurumende dziripo dzeUkraine. Kune ese makakatanwa aripo pakati peMoscow neKiev, kuchengetedza hutongi hwazvino muUkraine ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeKremlin. Iyo oligarchic hurumende yePetro Poroshenko inowedzera kana isinganzwisisike uye inofanotaurwa. Kudonha kwayo kwaizongoisa muchitima shanduko yekuchinja kukuru munyika mbiri idzi, zvichiisa mubvunzo kupona kwehurongwa huripo muUkraine neRussia.
Kremlin yakakwanisa kuita kuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe kupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, mushure mekunge Igor Strelkov abviswa pahutungamiri hwemauto muDonetsk. Ichokwadi kuti zvichitevera kubva kwaStrelkov, Aleksey Mozgovoy uye akati wandei evamwe vatungamiriri venzvimbo vane maonero akajeka vakatamira pakati, asi panguva iyoyo Moscow yakanga yatogadzira nzira dzekupesvedzera nemafambiro maitiro arikuitika. Kungave kucheka kana kuwedzera kupihwa kwechikafu, zvombo nepfuti, uye kuendesa zvinhu izvi kune mamwe madiki mayuniti kana kune vamwe, vatungamiriri veRussia zvishoma nezvishoma vakagadzira gadziriso yemauto avanoda, vachikanganisa vasingagutsikane uye vachikurudzira vakavimbika.
Mushure mekutsigira kurwiswa nemauto mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, Moscow yakavamanikidza kumira makiromita mashoma kubva kuMariupol, kubatwa kwayo kwaizotyisidzira shanduko yakasimba muhukama hwehukama hwemauto (vapanduki vangave vakawana kutonga kwechiteshi chikuru. iyo yakanga isina kuparadzwa nehondo, uye izvo zvaizovabvumira kuti vaenderere mberi nekutengeserana kwavo vakazvimirira, vachipfuura nharaunda yeRussia). Mushure meizvi, mauto akasungwa nezvibvumirano zverunyararo zveMinsk, izvo zvakafanoona kudzoreredzwa kwekutonga neKiev pamusoro penzvimbo dzevapanduki.
Chinhu chakakosha mukuita uku, zvisinei, kwaive kuve pamutemo kuburikidza nesarudzo dzehutungamiriri hutsva muDonetsk neLugansk. Makurukota emakurukota eDonetsk neLugansk, Aleksandr Zakharchenko naIgor Plotnitsky, vakanga vaisa siginicha dzavo pazvibvumirano zvorugare, vaifanira kuchinjwa kuva vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa zviri pamutemo venyika, vachitsigirwa nenhengo itsva dzakavimbika dzeSupreme Soviets. Kuti tive nechokwadi chakazara pamusoro peizvi, vamiriri vanokwanisa uye vane simba vese vekuruboshwe neveve radicals vakarambidzwa kupinda musarudzo.
Mitoo yaishandiswa dzimwe nguva yakanga isina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, mushure mebato raPavel Gubarev - uyo mukurumbira wake muDonetsk waive wakakura sewaZakharchenko - wadzingwa musarudzo, kuyedza kwakaitwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwaGubarev. Gubarev pachake, mushure mekupona nerombo rakanaka, akapedza ari pamubhedha wechipatara muRussia. Kunyange mutauriri ane mwero weparamende yeDonetsk Boris Litvinov akawana kuti Bato reCommunist reDonetsk, raakanga atanga maererano nemitemo yose, harina kukwanisa kunyoreswa sarudzo.
MuLugansk mamiriro akange ave nani, tichifunga kuti Aleksey Mozgovoy nevamwe vatungamiriri vemauto vemauto vaive vatyisidzira kakawanda kurambidza sarudzo kuti dzisaitike mudunhu ravaitonga. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, mamiriro acho akaguma mukubvumirana: Mozgovoy yakadzivisa kunetsana kwakananga nehurumende, nepo zviremera zveLugansk republic zvakaratidza kuzvidzora kupfuura muDonetsk. Kune vakasiya, mubairo wekunyaradza waive wekugamuchirwa nguva pfupi isati yaitwa sarudzo dzejasi idzva rezvombo reLugansk Peoples Republic, vachiteedzera chiratidzo cheSoviet.
Vavhoti, vakavhota vakawanda, vakanga vasinganyanyi kutsigira vatungamiri vatsva sehutongi hwemarepublic echidiki. Sezvaitarisirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Zakharchenko naPlotnitsky vakahwina nemibairo yakawanda. Marepublic ese ari maviri zvino ane hutungamiriri husingachagoni kutsiviwa nekuda kwemusangano wevakuru venzvimbo, uye vakagadzirira kuita, kunyangwe pasina shungu huru, mamiriro ezvibvumirano zveMinsk sezvakarairwa neMoscow.
Hutungamiri hweKremlin, hungaite senge, hwave kukwanisa kupemberera kukunda. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinozoitika, hazvisi nyore. Muchirongwa chitsva cheKremlin, chakagadzwa mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu 2014, chinhu chakakosha chave kusvika - nemutengo wedivi rimwe remvumo - yekubvumirana neKiev, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, nevatengi vayo vekuMadokero. Mabvumirano acho akaitwa, uye akagamuchirwa zviri nyore nerumwe rutivi, asi hapana kuwirirana kwakatevedzwa. Nyika dzekuMadokero dzakaenderera mberi nemushandirapamwe wehukasha, uchidudzira kunyange chibvumirano cheMoscow sehumbowo hwekurwa, kana kuti zvakanyanya, hwechinangwa chekunyengera. Kutadza kweRussia mukuita kucherechedza zvirango zvayo paEuropean Union (masherufu ezvitoro zveRussia anoramba akaremerwa nezvibereko "zvakarambidzwa") hazvina kungotadza kuunza kupfava kunoenderana kuMadokero, asi zvinopesana. zvakaonekwa sechiratidzo chekushaya simba. Zvichakadaro sarudzo muDPR neLPR, idzo maererano nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwaive vimbiso yakakosha yekuzadzikiswa kwezvibvumirano zveMinsk, zvakaziviswa neKiev, Brussels neWashington kuti dzisanyanya kana kushomeka pane danho rakanangana. kukanganisa zvibvumirano izvi.
Mauto eUkraine akatanga kuunganidza kurwisa kutsva, kuri kutarisirwa kutanga pazuva chairo resarudzo. Mauto eKiev akange atoiswa panzvimbo apo vatungamiriri veKremlin, vachinzwisisa kukura kwenjodzi, vakatora danho rekutangazve kutumira kwemauto kuNovorossiya kwakange kwagurwa mushure mekunge chibvumirano chaziviswa. Apo mauto akakwanisa kuunza huwandu hwakawanda hwemidziyo mitsva kumberi, kugadzirira kwevezvematongerwo enyika eKiev nevakuru vemauto kumutsiridza chigumbuso kwakakurumidza kupera. Pakanga pasina kurwiswa kwakawanda paDonetsk kana munaNovember 2 kana zuva raitevera. Vhidhiyo yerusununguko muRussia, zvakadaro, yakataura kuchema kwehasha pa "hondo itsva ine hutsinye" iyo Putin aifanirwa kutanga.
Sarudzo dziri muDPR neLPR hadzina kugadzirisa, uye hadzina kukwanisa kugadzirisa, rimwe rematambudziko akatarisana nemarepublic. Ichi changa chisiri chikonzero chekuti sarudzo dzakarongwa kana kuitwa. Asi havanawo kugadzirisa matambudziko eKremlin, ayo akange asiya mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka uye akarembera pakati pemhepo - kuseri, panguva iyi, yekukura kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro mukati meRussia pachayo.
Asi sarudzo dzakave nemhedzisiro yekusimbisa zvakanyanya kuganhurwa kwezvematongerwo enyika mukati meNovorossiya, zvichiita kuti vatsigiri vakasimba verusununguko, vatsigiri ve "kufora kwerusununguko kuKiev" uye nhengo dzekuruboshwe kuti dzibatane mune imwechete. Ichokwadi chokuti hurongwa hweiyi yakafara pamberi yakanga isingaenderani nemitemo yeMoscow maererano neNovorossiya yakanga iri pachena kune ruzhinji rwevanhu vanotora chikamu mairi.
Zvimwe zviitiko muNovorossiya, zvisinei, zvino zvichange zvichigadziriswa zvishoma nevagaries yekurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika muDonetsk kana kunyange muKiev kupfuura nekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu mukati meRussia pachayo. Iko kushanduka kwedambudziko rehupfumi, kukura kwenhamba uye kukura kwekuratidzira kwevanhu, uye zvakare kuvhiringidzika kuri kuwedzera kwevakuru vanotonga, izvo zviri pachena kuti hazvina hurongwa hunoshanda hwekuita, pamwe chete zvinopa hwaro hwakakwana hwekufanotaura kuti kurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuchawedzera uye. kusvika "Ukrainian" zviyero. Panguva ino, zvisinei, kushorwa kuchaitika panguva imwe chete kumativi ose emuganhu.
Yakashandurwa na Renfrey Clarke
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