AMY GOODMAN: Muenzi wangu anotevera kweawa yose ndiHoward Zinn, mumwe wevanyori venhoroondo vane mukurumbira munyika. Basa rake rekare, Nhoroondo Yevanhu veUnited States, yakashandura nzira yatinotarisa nayo nhoroondo muAmerica. Kekutanga kudhindwa chikamu chechina chezana ramakore rapfuura, bhuku rakatengesa anopfuura miriyoni makopi uye rinoramba richitengesa mamwe makopi gore rega rega rinoteedzana.
Mushure mekushanda semushandi wepachikepe uyezve Air Force bombardier muHondo Yenyika II, Howard Zinn akazove mupikisi wehupenyu hwese uye murwiri werunyararo. Akaenda kukoreji pasi peGI Bill, akagamuchira PhD yake kubva kuColumbia. Aive achishingairira mubato rekodzero dzevanhu uye mazhinji ekurwira kururamisira kwevanhu mukati mehafu yezana ramakore rapfuura. Akadzidzisa paSpelman College, koreji yechitema yevakadzi muAtlanta, akadzingwa basa nekuda kwekusateerera nekuda kwekumiririra vakadzi. Iye zvino ndiProfessor Emeritus kuBoston University uye achangobva kukudzwa naSpelman.
Howard Zinn akagamuchira mubairo weThomas Merton, Eugene V. Debs Award, Upton Sinclair Award, uye Lannan Literary Award. Ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira People's History Series; mavhoriyamu manomwe akatevedzana paRadical '60s; miunganidzwa yakawanda yezvinyorwa zveunyanzvi, hondo, zvematongerwo enyika uye nhoroondo; nemitambo Emma uye Marx muSoho.
Gore rino, documentary yakavakirwa pakurarama kweHoward Zinn's Nhoroondo Yevanhu veUnited States uye Manzwi eNhoroondo yeVanhu vekuUnited States iri kutanga paHistory, History Channel. Inonzi Vanhu Vanotaura. Inotungamirwa naHoward Zinn, Anthony Arnove naChris Moore. Icharatidza mitambo inoshamisa inorondedzera nhoroondo yenyika kubva kuvatambi vakaita saMat Damon naJosh Brolin naViggo Mortensen naMarisa Tomei naDon Cheadle naJasmine Guy naKerry Washington uye vaimbi vakaita saBruce Springsteen naEddie Vedder naJohn Legend.
Zvakanaka, Howard Zinn ari muNew York nhasi kuzoparura iyo itsva paperback edition ye Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yeUnited States, iyo yakagadziridzwa naRebecca Stefoff. Manheru ano, achange ari pa 92nd Street Y muNew York achitambira mutambo wekuverenga nenziyo kubva. Manzwi eNhoroondo yeVanhu vekuUnited States.
Titambire, Howard.
HOWARD ZINN: Ndatenda, Amy. Ndinofara kuva pano.
AMY GOODMAN: Zvinofadza kuva nemi. Munhanganyaya iyoyo, une Eddie Vedder anoimba Bob Dylan, "Masters of War," chikamu che-
HOWARD ZINN: Icho chikamu chezvinyorwa, hongu, kuimba rwiyo rwaDylan "Masters of War." Ndinofunga takaita kuti Dylan ateerere Eddie Vedder kuimba rwiyo, uye takabvunza Bob Dylan kana aida kuiimba. Uye akati, โKwete, zvakanaka. Rega Eddie aimbe." Uye saka, tine Bob Dylan achiimba rwiyo rweWoody Guthrie mufirimu, "Do Re Mi," imwe yenziyo dzaWoody Guthrie dzine mukurumbira.
AMY GOODMAN: Taura nezve iyi yese nhevedzano uye izvi-ndinoreva, izvi zviri kungokura. The Nhoroondo Yevanhu yeUnited States ibhuku rinoshamisa iro chaizvo-zvakanaka, sei usingatsanangure huzivi, maitiro ako kunhoroondo yeUS?
HOWARD ZINN: Ehe. Zvakanaka, chokwadi, pfungwa ye Nhoroondo Yevanhu ndiko kupfuura izvo vanhu vakadzidza kuchikoro uye zvandakadzidza kuchikoro kana vanhu vakawanda vakadzidza kuchikoro, uye iyo inhoroondo kuburikidza nemaziso evatungamiri nevakuru vakuru muhondo dzakarwiwa muHondo Yenyika, uye tinoda manzwi. yevanhu, yevanhuwo zvavo, yevapanduki, yevanopikisa, yevakadzi, yevanhu vatema, yeAsia America, yevakabva kune dzimwe nyika, yevesocialists uye vanarchist uye vanotambudza vemarudzi ose. Uye saka, takasarudza kubatanidzaโAnthony Arnove neni takabatanidza magwaro mazana maviri. Seven Stories Press vakabvuma kuiburitsa. Uye aya mazana maviri magwaro itsamba uye memoirs uye zviyeuchidzo zvevanhu vakamira vachipesana nekugadzwa.
Zvino, somuenzaniso, tine mumwe mukadzi wechitema anoyeuka achikurira kuMaodzanyemba, kuMaodzanyemba kwakaparadzana, uye achifamba achienda kuchikoro kuchikoro chake chakatsaurwa chevatema uye aifanira kufamba nomunhandare yekutamba yevachena, kwaaida kufambaโaida kuenda. pamaswinji, haana kukwanisa kuzviita nekuti aisakwanisa kumira munhandare chena iyi. Uye akaenda kuchikoro uye akaramba kuimba "The Star-Spangled Banner." Uye vakamubvunza chikonzero. Iye akati, "Nekuti chero ini ndisingakwanise kuenda pamutambo uyu, hapana rusununguko uye kururamisira kune vese." Uye saka, tine-ndiyo imwe yekuverenga kwakawanda mubhuku redu.
Uye mune izvi Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yatiri kuvhura manheru ano pa92nd Street Y, isu tine akawanda emhando yemazwi anoshamisa nevanhu vanga vachipokana uye vanopikisa munhoroondo. Haisi-hatiratidze nhoroondo yekushungurudzwa; tinopa nhoroondo yevanhu vachirwa. Uye isu tinoda kupa-tinoda kupa vanhu vekuAmerica nhoroondo inovaratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kurwisa, kuti haufanirwe kuvimba neMutungamiri neCongress neDare Repamusorosoro. Muchokwadi, iwe zviri nani urege kuvimba navo, nekuti havasi kuzogadzirisa matambudziko akakosha atinawo munharaunda yedu. Tinogona chete kuzviita isu pachedu, patinoronga, patinoita, patinoratidzira. Uye saka, tiri kuedza, hongu, kupa vanhu simba nekudzidza nhoroondo inomutsa uye inokurudzira.
AMY GOODMAN: Iwe unonyora munhanganyaya ku Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yeUnited States, โKwemakore akawanda, vamwe vanhu vakandibvunza kuti: โMunofunga kuti nhoroondo yenyu, yakasiyana zvikuru nenhoroondo dzekare dzeUnited States, yakakodzera pwere here? Hazvizokonzerese kuodzwa mwoyo nenyika yedu here? Zvakanaka here kutsoropodza mitemo yehurumende kudaro? Zvakanaka here kubvisa magamba echivanhu enyika, saChristopher Columbus, Andrew Jackson, Theodore Roosevelt?โโ
HOWARD ZINN: Ehe, ichokwadi kuti vanhu vakabvunza mubvunzo iwoyo kakawanda. Munoziva, tinofanira kuudza vana here kuti Columbus, wavakaudzwa kuti akanga ari gamba guru, kuti Columbus akacheka maIndia maIndia ndokuvapamba ndokuvauraya achitsvaka ndarama? Tinofanira kuudza vanhu here kuti Theodore Roosevelt, uyo akasimudzwa semumwe wevatungamiriri vedu vakuru, anga ari murwi aida zvechisimba zvechiuto uye akakorokotedza mukuru weAmerica akauraya vanhu muPhilippine? Tinofanira kuudza vechidiki izvozvo here?
Uye ndinofunga kuti mhinduro ndeyokuti: tinofanira kuva vakatendeseka kuvaduku; hatifaniri kuvanyengera. Tinofanira kutaura chokwadi nezvenhoroondo yenyika yedu. Uye hatifanirwe kunge tichingobvisa magamba echinyakare saAndrew Jackson naTheodore Roosevelt, asi isu tinofanira kunge tichipa vechidiki rimwe seti yemagamba.
Panzvimbo yaTheodore Roosevelt, vaudze nezvaMark Twain. Mark Twain-zvakanaka, Mark Twain, munhu wese anodzidza nezve semunyori we Tom Sawyer uye Huckleberry finn, asi patinoenda kuchikoro, hatidzidzi nezvaMark Twain semutevedzeri wemutungamiri weAnti-Imperialist League. Hatina kuudzwa kuti Mark Twain akashora Theodore Roosevelt nekubvumidza kuurayiwa uku muPhilippine. Aihwa.
Tinoda kupa vechidiki nhamba dzakanaka saHelen Keller. Uye ndinorangarira ndichidzidza nezvaHelen Keller. Wese munhu anodzidza nezvaHelen Keller, munoziva, munhu akaremara akakunda hurema hwake uye akave nemukurumbira. Asi vanhu havadzidzi muchikoro uye vechidiki havadzidzi muchikoro zvatinoda kuti vadzidze kana tichiita mabhuku akadai. Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yeUnited States, kuti Helen Keller aive socialist. Akanga ari murongi webasa. Akaramba kuyambuka mutsara wepikicha wainhonga nhandare yairatidza mutambo pamusoro pake.
Uye saka, kune aya mamwe magamba munhoroondo yeAmerica. Kune Fannie Lou Hamer naBob Moses. Ndivo magamba esangano rekodzero dzevanhu. Kune vanhu vazhinji vasina kujeka, vasingazivikanwe. Tine izvi Nhoroondo Yevechiduku, tine gamba rechidiki rakanga rakagara mubhazi muMontgomery, Alabama, rakaramba kubva pamberi pebhazi. Uye izvo zvaive pamberi peRosa Parks. Ndinoreva kuti, Rosa Parks ane mukurumbira zvine mutsindo wekuramba kubva pachigaro chake, uye akasungwa, uye ndiko kwaive kutanga kweMontgomery Bus Boycott uye kutanga kwekufamba kukuru muSouth. Asi musikana ane makore gumi namashanu okuberekwa akazviita pakutanga. Uye saka, isu tine zvakawanda-tiri kuedza kudzosa vanhu vazhinji ava vasinganzwisisike pamberi pekutarisa kwedu uye kukurudzira vechidiki kuti vati, "Iyi ndiyo nzira yekurarama."
AMY GOODMAN: Howard, tichapaza tozodzoka. Asi kuzorora chikamu chekuita kwe Vanhu Vanotaura. Howard Zinn muenzi wedu, munyori wenhoroondo ane mukurumbira. Bhuku idzva, Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yeUnited States. Garai nesu.
[kutyora]
AMY GOODMAN: Black Crowes 'Chris naRich Robinson, vachiimba rwiyo rwaNeil Young "Ohio" nezve zvakaitika muna Chivabvu 4, 1970, kupfura kweKent State. Uye ndinokukurudzira kuti uende kune yedu webhusaiti pa democracynow.org kunzwa Alan naChic Canfora. Alan akapfurwa musi uyu. Patakanga tiri parwendo rwedu rwe "Community Voices, Community Media", takataura naye pakambasi kuKent State.
Uye mangwana, Chivabvu 14, izuva rekuyeukwa kweJackson State College, ikozvino Jackson State University, kupfurwa muJackson, Mississippi, uko mauto akapfura vadzidzi vaviri, izvo zvisingawanzorangarirwa.
Muenzi wedu nhasi ndiHoward Zinn, munyori wenhoroondo ane mukurumbira, akanyora Nhoroondo Yevanhu veUnited States. Uye ikozvino kune zvese izvi zvinogadziriswa. Nhasi, ari kutanga Nhoroondo Yevechiduku yeUnited States, iyo yakagadziridzwa naRebecca Stefoff.
Asi iwe uri munyori mukuru wesangano rekodzero dzevanhu. Jackson State isingazivikanwe seKent State.
HOWARD ZINN: Hongu, zvakanaka, chinhu chakajairika munhoroondo kufuratira zvinhu zvinoitika kuvanhu vatema. Uye, chokwadi, kupfura kweKent State chaive chiitiko chinoshamisa uye chaityisa uye chinofanirwa kuyeukwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyadzisa munhoroondo yeAmerica. Asi vezvenhau vanowanzotarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu kwete pane zvimwe, uye vezvenhau havana kutarisa kumwe kupfurwa kwakaitika kuJackson State, uko vechidiki vaviri vechitema vakapfurwa. Uye saka, hongu, ndinofunga basa redu sevanyori venhoroondo nderekuburitsa zvinhu zvatisina kuwana muzvidzidzo zvedu zvenhoroondo.
AMY GOODMAN: Kana Kukadzi 8, 1968, iyo Orangeburg Massacre muSouth Carolina, vadzidzi vachiratidzira. Uye ndakashamisika kuona Barack Obama, munoziva, ari murombo semutambo wake webowling. Asi chokwadi, zvinosuwisa munyika muno kuti ibudiriro kuona murume wemuAfrica wekuAmerica achitamba bhora, nekuti vana ava, muna Kukadzi wa1968, vachitsutsumwa nekupatsanurwa kwemukoto webowling, mauto akaridzawo pfuti.
HOWARD ZINN: Hongu.
AMY GOODMAN: Mapurisa akaridza pfuti. Vatatu vakafa.
HOWARD ZINN: Ehe. Uye, zvakanaka, munoziva, pakanga pasina kusvika pandakaenda kumaodzanyemba kunodzidzisa mukoreji yevatema kuti ini, pachangu, ndakaziva nezvenhoroondo yevatema yakasiiwa mumabhuku edu enhoroondo. Uye ndakapfuura nekupedza chikoro paColumbia University, uye ndakadzidza zvakanyanya, zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yevatema. WEB Du Bois anga asiri pakuverenga kwedu. Pakanga pasina chaizvo vanyori venhoroondo vatema pane yedu rondedzero yekuverenga. Asi apo ndakasvika kumaodzanyemba ndokunyura munzanga yavatema, uye ndakavamba kurava ava vanyori venhau vatema.
Ndinoreva, semuenzaniso, ndakaverenga munyori wenhoroondo anonzi Rayford Logan, uyo aipa nhoroondo yekutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, iro mune zvechinyakare zvenhoroondo yeAmerica makosi anonzi Progressive Era. Iyo Progressive Era. Akataura kuti munguva yainzi Progressive Era, vanhu vatema vakawanda vakaurayiwa kudarika dzimwe nguva munhoroondo yeAmerica. Saka, kukanganiswa kwenhoroondo yedu kunoitika patinozviita kuburikidza nerudzi, mitsetse ine mavara.
AMY GOODMAN: Alice Walker akataura nezvako semumwe wevadzidzisi vake vakuru paSpelman. Asi iwe wakadzingwa kubva kuSpelman, kunyangwe iwe wakangoremekedzwa ipapo.
HOWARD ZINN: Zvakanaka, ngatisashandise izwi rekuti "kudzingwa."
AMY GOODMAN: O, pamusoro pangu.
HOWARD ZINN: Munyika yezvidzidzo, tine mazwi ekuremekedza: "Kondirakiti yake haina kuvandudzwa."
AMY GOODMAN: Kudzingwa nekudzingwa basa.
HOWARD ZINN: Hongu, kudzingwa uye kudzingwa. Asi, sezvamakataura kare, makore makumi mana nemaviri mushure mekunge ndadzingwa, ndakashevedzwa zvakare kuti ndipiwe dhigirii rekuremekedza uye kuti ndipe hurukuro yekutanga. Saka, iwe unoziva, dzimwe nguva-
AMY GOODMAN: Wakadzingwa nei? Sei iwe - nei kondirakiti yako isina kuvandudzwa?
HOWARD ZINN: Zvakanaka, vadzidzi veSpelman College vakasimuka kubva mumhepo yakadzikama uye yakadzora pakoreji panguva yekugara uye vakapinda mudhorobha, vakasungwa, vakadzoka vapfurwa uye vakatsunga kushandura mamiriro ehupenyu hwavo pacampus, izvo zvaive zvekare, zvekare. Uye vakaita seโsemusha wemasisita, wavaigara. Nokudaro, vakapandukira hurumende. Ndaivatsigira pakupanduka kwavo, uye ndakanga ndanyanya kukoshesa hutungamiri hwekoreji.
AMY GOODMAN: Ndinoda kutendeukira kune zvinyorwa kubva mugwaro riri kuuya rakafemerwa na People's History. Zvinodanwa Vanhu Vanotaura, inotungamirwa naAnthony Arnove naChris Moore. Chinyorwa chinotevera chinosanganisira manzwi aDanny Glover achiverenga John Lewis panguva yesangano rekodzero dzevanhu, Michael Ealy achiverenga Malcolm X. Zvinotanga nemutambi Josh Brolin achiverenga mhinduro yaMark Twain muna 1906 kuna President Theodore Roosevelt makorokoto kuna General Wood, ane mauto akanga achangobva kuuraya. 600 vagari vemuPhilippines.
JOSH BROLIN: [Kuverenga Mark Twain] Chirevo chepamutemo chakataura kuti chakapera nekukunda kwakakwana kwezvombo zveAmerica, izvo zve600 Moros, hapana akasiiwa ari mupenyu. Hoo-yah. Kusvika pandiri kuona, paingova nemunhu mumwe chete pakati pemamiriyoni makumi masere akazvibvumira mukana wekutaura pachena pachiitiko chikuru ichi, uye aive Mutungamiriri weUnited States. "Ndinokukorokotedza iwe nevakuru vakuru nevarume vekuraira kwako pamusoro pesimba rezvombo, apo iwe naivo vakatsigira zvakanyanya kukudzwa kwemureza weAmerica. Yakasaina, Theodore Roosevelt.
HOWARD ZINN: Pano, Malcolm X, akazova gamba kuchizvarwa chese cheAfrica America anotaura pfungwa dzake muDetroit.
MICHAEL PAMWE: [kuverenga Malcolm X] Ndiri kukuudza, hauzive kuti chimurenga chii, nekuti kana waziva kuti chii, unodzokera mumukoto, uye unobuda munzira. Hauna chimurenga chisingasanganisire kudeura ropa. Uye unotya kubuda ropa. Ndati unotya kubuda ropa. Chero murungu akutuma kuKorea, wakabuda ropa. Akakutumira kuGermany, wakabuda ropa. Akakutuma kuSouth Pacific kunorwisa maJapan, wakabuda ropa. Munodeura ropa revanhu vachena, asi kana zvasvika pakuona machechi enyu achibhombwa uye vasikana vatema vachipondwa, hamuna ropa.
DANNY GLOVER: [kuverenga John Lewis] Kune avo vanoti, โIva nemoyo murefu uye umirire,โ tinofanira kutaura kuti mwoyo murefu ishoko rakasviba uye rakashata. Hatigoni kuva nemwoyo murefu. Hatidi kusununguka zvishoma nezvishoma. Tinoda rusununguko rwedu, uye tinoruda iye zvino. Hatingavimbi nechero bato rezvematongerwo enyika, nekuti veDemocratic and Republican Party vakasiya misimboti yeDeclaration of Independence. Hatichamira zvino. Nguva ichasvika yatisingazongogumira kufora kwedu kuWashington. Tichaita kuti chiitiko chemwedzi mishoma yapfuura chitaridzike chidiki. Uye ndinoti kwauri, โMuka, America.โ
AMY GOODMAN: Danny Glover, achiverenga wechidiki John Lewis, congressman anobva kuGeorgia. Zvakadiniko nekutaura ikoko? Haana kupiwa, handiti?
HOWARD ZINN: Kwete, hurukuro yakapihwaโ
AMY GOODMAN: Nenzira iyoyo.
HOWARD ZINN: - asi yakaderedzwa, yakaongororwa. Iwo akanyanya mhirizhonga zvikamu zvekutaura akagumbura kana kunetsa vamwe vatungamiriri vatema munaKurume paWashington.
AMY GOODMAN: Uku kwaive kutaura kwaDr. King kwaive nemukurumbira "I have a Dream", kwaakapa yake.
HOWARD ZINN: Izvo ndizvo. Ndiko kwaakapa hurukuro yake yekuti โI have a Dreamโ. Uye John Lewis aimiririra, munoziva, vanhu vechidiki vakatsamwa veSouth uye Komiti Yekubatanidza Yevadzidzi. Uye kutaura kwake kwaive kutaura kwechimurenga. Uye zvechokwadi akashora mapato maviri uye zvichingodaro. Uye vamwe ve-hongu, uye saka, munoziva, vamwe vevatungamiri veNAACP neUrban League uye vatungamiri vechitema vanochengetedza vakati, "Tinofanira kucheka zvimwe zveizvi." Saka, tiri kuyedza, mugwaro redu, kudzosa zvikamu zvekutaura kwake izvo zvakanyanya kumukira uye izvo zvavakacheka kubva muWashington kufora.
AMY GOODMAN: Zvakanaka, pagungano reDemocratic muDenver munhandare, John Lewis akaremekedzwa. Mutungamiri Obama pavakagadzwa, vakakwazisa John Lewis ruoko. Akanga ari pachikuva chikuru paCapitol ipapo apo Mutungamiri Obama akaburuka nhanho. Pfungwa dzako pamusoro peMutungamiri Obama nhasi, mutungamiri wekutanga weAfrica America?
HOWARD ZINN: Ndinoshuva kuti Mutungamiri Obama vanyatsoteerera Martin Luther King. Ndine chokwadi chekuti anokudza nemuromo, sezvinoita munhu wese, kuna Martin Luther King, asi anofanirwa kufunga asati atumira zvombo pamusoro pePakistan, asati abvuma bhajeti remauto rakaputika, asati atumira mauto kuAfghanistan, asati apikisa. single-payer system, yawakataura nezvayo kare muchirongwa chako. Aifanira kubvunza kuti, โMartin Luther King aizoitei? Uye Martin Luther King aizoti kudii?" Uye dai akateerera kuna King chete, angadai ari mutungamiri akasiyana zvakanyanya pane zvaari kuita kusvika parizvino. Ini ndinofunga isu tinofanirwa kubatirira Obama kuvimbiso yake yekuve akasiyana uye akashinga uye nekuchinja. Kusvika pari zvino, haasati azadzisa vimbiso iyoyo.
AMY GOODMAN: VaBarack Obama pavakanga vachimirira mutungamiri wenyika, vakabvunza mumakakatanwa kuti ndiani aizotsigira MLK, ndiani aizotsigira Dr. King, akati, "Hapana mumwe wedu."
HOWARD ZINN: Ehe, ichokwadi, nekuti Mambo akatenda-uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yevanhu vedu, ndechekuti haugone kuvimba nevatungamiriri, uye haugone kuvimba nesarudzo nekuvhota kugadzirisa matambudziko ako. Vanhu pachavo, vachironga, vachiratidzira, vachipopota, ndivo chete vanogona kusundira Mutungamiriri uye kusundira Congress kuti ichinje. Uye ndozvatinofanira kuita izvozvi naObama. Tinofanira kunongedza kune zvakataurwa naObama mukati memushandirapamwe, paakati hatifanire kungobuda muIraq chete, tinofanira kubuda mundangariro dzakatipinza muIraq. VaObama, pachavo, havasati vabuda mupfungwa idzodzo. Uye ndinofunga isu, vanhu, tinofanira kutaura naye pamusoro pazvo.
AMY GOODMAN: Sei?
HOWARD ZINN: Zvakanaka, vanhu ava vandakaona pachirongwa chenyu kare vairatidzira yehutano hwemunhu mumwe chete, iyo VaObama vanozeza kutsigira, vaiita izvo zvinoda kuitwa. Vaiita zviito zvekusateerera kwevanhu. Vaipinda mumahofisi mavaive vanzi vabude ivo vakaramba kubuda. Vaiita zvataiita panguva yekurwisana nehondo muVietnam. Vaiita zvaiitwa nesangano revatema kuSouth. Uye izvi ndizvo zvatichada. Tichada demonstrative acts dramatize chokwadi chekuti hurumende yedu haisi kupindura zvinodiwa nevanhu uye zvinodiwa nevanhu.
AMY GOODMAN: Ndeipi imwe nzira yehondo neAfghanistan nePakistan?
HOWARD ZINN: Zvakanaka, imwe nzira yehondo ndeyekutumira zvokudya nemishonga. Ndaive nemutyairi wetekisi kubva kuAfghanistan, uye ini ndinogara ndichitanga hurukuro nevatyairi vetekisi, nekuti ivo vanoziva kupfuura vazhinji vatauri venhau. Uye saka-kwete iwe. Handisi kutaura pamusoro pako, Amy, hongu. Asi aibva kuAfghanistan. Uye ndakati, "Munofungei nezve Obama kutumira mamwe mauto kuAfghanistan?" Handina kumuudza kuti ndakamira papi. Iye akati, Hatidi mauto. Akati, โTinoda zvokudya nemishonga.โ
Tinofanira kurega kufunga kuti tinofanira kuva nemhinduro dzechiuto kumatambudziko atinotarisana nawo munyika. Mishonga yatinoda imhinduro dzekubata nehurwere nehosha nenzara. Ndizvo zvakakosha. Kana uchida kupedza hugandangaโ
AMY GOODMAN: Ndiri kukuudza, munyori wenhoroondo mukuru, une masekonzi mashanu.
HOWARD ZINN: Kana uchida kupedza hugandanga, unofanira kurega kuva magandanga, zvinova zvakaita hondo.
AMY GOODMAN: Howard Zinn, achange ari manheru ano pa92nd Street Y muNew York.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta