Humambo hunoda kufa uye michato kuitira kuvandudzwa kwayo. Asi vakadaidza maodha ekupedzisira kuUnited Kingdom imwe nguva yapfuura.
London-Charles izita rakadziviswa nemadzimambo mazhinji echiRungu kubva muzana ramakore rechi17. Naizvozvo ngatitangei patinofanira chaizvo. Zana ramakore nehafu pamberi peChimurenga cheFrance, maNgezi akarwa hondo yevagari vemo ndokuita chimurenga chamabhunu, chaitsigirwa nemari nevashambadzi. Vakauraya mambo (Charles I) musi wa30 Ndira, 1649, vakaparadza House of Lords ndokuzivisa nyika yerepublic: The Commonwealth yakatonga England, Scotland, Ireland, neWales ingave isina kugara kwenguva refu, asi yakasiya kutsungirira. mark. Kudzorerwa kwa1660 kwaiva kubvumirana. Iyo absolutist state haina kukwanisa kumutswa. “Maruramiro oumwari amadzimambo” haana kutongobvumirwa kudzoka. Asi hutongi hwakagadzwa patsva hwakaratidza kuti hwakasimba zvinoshamisa. Kubva paari kuPrinceton, Arno Mayer akatsanangura chiitiko ichi muakaundi yake yekare ya1981, Kupfuurira kweHurumende Yekare:
Iyo [post 1660] monarchy uye yakadzika vepamusoro yakadzora maindasitiri eEngland pasina kuzviisa pasi…. England haina kuzombova “hurongwa hwemabhunu” hunoitwa nemabhusha “anokunda”… Pakanga pasina kufamba kwekubvisa korona, dare rehumambo, Imba yaMadzishe, uye nevakuru vevashandi vehurumende. Pasinei nekudzikira kwekurima uye kunyangwe kuchengetedzwa kwemukati, izvo zvakakanganisa kudiwa kwemauto akasimba, makirasi epasi akakwanisa kuenderera mberi ne "chinyakare" hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika netsika.
Kurongeka kwechinyakare uku kwakagadziridzwa kwemazana emakore. Shanduko huru yakanga iri kuregererwa kweHouse of Lords payakaramba “Peoples Budget” yaDavid Lloyd George muna 1911, ichidenha. dambudziko rebumbiro remitemo izvo zvakagadziriswa nekuda kweHouse of Commons. Dare rechipiri rinogona kunonoka, asi kwete veto, bhiri rakanga rabvumidzwa neImba yeCommons. Hapana chimwe chakaitika.
Muna 1991, vamiriri veparamende yeBato rekuruboshwe Tony Benn naJeremy Corbyn vakakurudzira uye vakaisa "Bhiri reCommonwealth yeBritain” yaida kuti nyika igadzikane nehutongi hwejekerere nezvinhu zvinotevera zvekuti, kana zvikazoitwa, zvingadai zvakapedza shanduko yemabhunu yakatanga muzana ramakore rechi 17. Vakafungidzira kuparadzwa kwoumambo uye kuguma kwechimiro chebumbiro remitemo cheKorona uye kuparara kweChechi yeEngland. Mukuru wenyika anenge ari mutungamiri wenyika, anosarudzwa nekugara kwakabatana kweDzimba dzose dzeCommonwealth Paramende; mabasa ese ehutongi hwehumambo achaendeswa kuParamende; iyo Privy Council yaizobviswa, yotsiviwa neDare reHurumende. Imba yaMadzishe yaizotsiviwa neImba yeVanhu yakasarudzwa uye Dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzaizove nevamiriri vakaenzana vevarume nevakadzi. England, Scotland, neWales vaizova nemaParamende eNyika adzo ane mutoro wezvinhu zvakagoverwa sezvakabvumiranwa; Vatongi veDare reDunhu nemamejasitiriti vaizosarudzwa; uye kutonga kweBritain pamusoro peNorthern Ireland kwaizoguma.
Hopei!, vamwe vangati, kunyanya iye zvino, apo nyika iri mushishi kuita zvinhu paruzhinji. Mapato matatu ese eUK, bepanhau rega rega uye chiteshi cheTV ma monarchist akasimba. Saka gehena iri kuenda kupi Britain?
Charles I haana kugara nhaka pfungwa dzababa vake; kwaiva kuzvitutumadza uye upenzi zvakazoita kuti atongwe uye aurayiwe. Vatungamiri vechimurenga vakapesana panyaya iyi. Mai Cromwell vaipikisawo. Ainge anwa tea namambokadzi. Yaiva Oliver Cromwell uyo akazoisa tsoka yake zvakasimba pamutsipa weumambo. Charles ndaive ndatyora chivimbiso chakawandisa.
Charles III haafanire kutevera nzira imwechete. Kunyanya, anogona kuderedzwa kusvika pachimiro chebhasikoro, kiyi yakadzika-kiyi mambo seake eScandinavia akaenzana. Munguva yakapfuura, apo hardcore Welsh verudzi vakatyisidzira kubhomba investimendi yake semuchinda weWales uye vakazivisa kuti mhondi yakanga yakagadzirira uye yakamirira kukonzeresa nyonganyonga, Charles Windsor akazviratidza semunhu anoseka, asinganyanyi kunetseka nekutyisidzirwa, achireurura kuBBC. mubvunzurudzo:
Chero ndikasanyanya kuvharwa nezai nematomatisi, ndinenge ndakanaka. Handipe mhosva vanhu vachiratidzira zvakadaro. Havasati vambondiona. Havazivi zvandiri. Ini ndanga ndisati ndamboenda kuWales, uye haungatarisiri kuti vanhu vashingaire pamusoro pekuti kune anonzi muchinda wechiRungu auye pakati pavo.
Kusaipa. Asi pakutanga kwezana rino ramakore, mota yake payakakomberedzwa zvisingatarisirwi kubva paTrafalgar Square — chinhambwe chipfupi kubva kuBanqueting House muWhitehall, uko zita rake rakaurairwa — nevaratidziri vevadzidzi vaipikisa hurumende itsva yeTory uye vakazununguswa nenziyo dze “Tory scum,” "parasites," uye "kure nemisoro yavo!, "The Mufananidzo zvakatora nguva zvakaratidza iye nemukadzi wake, Camilla, vari mukuvhiringidzika uye kutya. Zvakanga zvamboitika mumusoro make here?
Musi wa9 Gunyana 2022, Charles III akava mambo mushure mekutonga kwenguva refu naamai vake. Akanga akamirira kwenguva yakati asingashiviriri, achitarisira kuti mubereki wake akanga akwegura aizotevera muenzaniso waJuliana wokuHolland ndokurega basa, asi hazvina kudaro. Kutonga kwaCharles hakugone kurebesa, asi mamiriro aripo eBritain nehumambo anokoka mimwe mibvunzo. Chinonyanya kukosha pane izvi ndechekuti humambo hunogona kurarama kana United Kingdom ikaparara uye Scotland yafunga kubva kuUK ichibatana neEU. Kekutanga, sarudzo dzepfungwa muScotland dziri kuratidza kuti makumi mana nepfumbamwe muzana evaScots vanofarira rusununguko. Mamwe makore mashoma ekutonga kweConservative uye izvi zvinogona kuve nyore 49-pamwe muzana. Ruzhinji rwevhoti kubuda kana paine referendamu nyowani yaizomanikidza kufunga patsva muEngland uye pamwe kutomanikidza vatongi vayo nevezvematongerwo enyika kuti vafambe vachitevedza bumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa.
Sei iyo nyika yakatanga kumisa tsika yekubudirira mabhindauko uye kuuraya vatongi venhaka yavo yakanamatira kwenguva yakareba kuhumambo, ichichinja uye nekuishandisa panguva dzakasiyana kugutsa zvakafanana zvakakosha zvinodiwa: kuchengetedza kudzikamiswa kweboka rinotonga uye kumbundirana kwehupenyu. kumasangano ayo ese, kusanganisira Bato reLabour nemasangano evashandi? Sekubvuma izvi, vatungamiriri vesangano revashandi vezvitima neveposvo, vari pakati pekuramwa mabasa, vakavanonotsa svondo rino sechiratidzo chekuremekedza vahosi. Zviripachena kuti uku kwaive kufamba kwehungwaru-asi chokwadi chekuti zvakaonekwa sechinodikanwa chinoratidza kuenderera mberi kwechikwata pafungidziro yakakurumbira muEngland. Kusimba kweiyo 1660 kukanganisa kwakagadzira nharaunda yakabudirira yakasarudzika yevatongi veBritish.
Munyori wenhoroondo wekuScotland Tom Nairn akapokana kweinoda kusvika hafu yezana kuti humambo hwaidiwa kuita sevhiri rekuenzanisa pamba, kuchengetedza boka rinokwira revashandi pasi pekutonga (kupindira kwaGeorge V kuseri kwezviitiko mukurova kukuru kwa1926 kwaive. hutsinye) uye kuyedza kuisanganisira organic, kuitira kuti kuvimbika kwayo kuhurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika huripo kwaisambove kupokana. Achionga kuva nemwero kwaLabour, mambo akati, “Tiri vanhu vakanaka sei.”
Kunze kwenyika, Humambo hweBritain hwaida mambo kuti asimbise kubata kwahwo pamakoloni uko madzimambo aionekwa seakajairika. Muzvose zviri zviviri Asia neAfrica, madzimambo aishandiswa seanonyaradza zvizvarwa zvemo. Mambokadzi akange achangofa aive kuKenya muna 1952 apo maBritish aipwanya maMau Mau nyika kuburikidza nekurwadziswa nemisasa yevasungwa, "British gulags" sekutsanangurwa kwavakaitwa naCaroline Elkins, zvichinyadzisa vanyori venhoroondo dzeChirungu. KuKenya ndiko kwakaudzwa mambokadzi kuti baba vake vakanga vashaya. George akanga angove mambo nokuti mukoma wake, Edward, akanga aroora mukadzi akanga arambana nemurume wekuAmerica (ainzi aikonzerwa nehunyanzvi hwake pa fellatio) saka akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Vamwe vaitya nemhaka yokuda kwaEdward pachena nokuda kwaHitler. Dai maGerman akatora Britain munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Edward Windsor angadai akagadzwa pachigaro, Chirungu Pétain.
Humambo hunoshandiswa nekuzvidira kudzivirira zvinodiwa nenyika yeBritish sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika, masevhisi epachivande, nezvimwewo. Sarudzo yekubvisa Mutungamiriri weAustralia Gough Whitlam sechirango chekuunza mauto enyika yavo kumba kubva kuVietnam yakatorwa nemvumo yaElizabeth. Windsor naGavhuna-mukuru weBritish. Australia, zvinonzwisa tsitsi, haisati iri republic.
Nguva yepedyo yandave kuenda kuBuckingham Palace yaive muna 1973, apo boka redu rakasungwa nekupikisa kuvepo kwemudzvanyiriri wechiPutukezi Marcelo Caetano patafura yechirairo chamambokadzi. Sezvandakafanotaura kumupurisa aizondisunga, Caetano akapidiguka nechimurenga chakakurumbira gore rakatevera. Mhondi yekuRomania Nikolae Ceausescu akabatwa naElizabeth ndokurara nekudya kwemangwanani kumuzinda. Mhuri iyi ine rekodhi refu yekutamba nevadzvanyiriri, uye Charles aigara achifamba nendiro yekupemha kuenda kuGulf States achikumbira mari yenheyo dzake. "Iyo Firm" - sekureva kunoitwa mhuri yehumambo - ibhizinesi rakashata rinofanira kuvharwa.
Mubvunzo chete wakakomba wakamutswa nerufu rwemukadzi ane makore makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu, akapfuma zvakanyanya ane zita rake palazzo ndewekuti farce iyi inogona kugara rinhi? Mutori wenhau weEurope parizvino ari kutambisa bepa rakawanda paWindsors angaita zvakanaka kurangarira kuti mambokadzi akanonoka aive (pachivande) mutsigiri akasimba weBrexit, se kwakaratidza nerag raMurdoch Zuva! Makumi mashoma emakore apfuura akaburitsa humambo (uye neimwe nzira Britain pachayo) kuve mukuora kwepamusoro. Kubatwa kwehutsinye kwaDiana iko zvino ndiyo nyaya yebhaisikopo repakati. Kusazvibata kwaPrince Andrew kwakatsausa vashoma vehumambo. Zvese izvi yanga iri nyaya yeakawanda-episode sipo opera paNetflix. Ndiko kune Korona — uye painofanira kuchengetwa. Nevatungamiriri veScotland vanoda referendamu nyowani uye veWales verudzi vachisimbirira kuti hapafanirwe kunge paine muchinda mutsva weWales (zita rakapihwa mutsivi wemambo kubvira maWelsh akapwanywa) uye vachityisidzira kuvhiringa investiture muCaernafon, chii chinonzi gehena. pfungwa yekuenderera mberi? Nei England ichifanira kusiiwa kutakura mutoro wehumambo hunoenderera? Nyika haichada.
Muna 1714, Mambokadzi Anne paakafa asina mugari wenhaka, boka rinotonga reptilian rakafuratira hukama hwepedyo muScotland (vaive maKatorike) uye vakatenga chipfeko chePurotesitendi kubva pasherufu muHanover. Saka zvakaita kuti mhuri yehumambo yeHanoverian yakave madzimambo eBritish. Vaviri vokutanga vaitaura chiGerman chete; wechitatu George akarasikirwa nezvose zviri zviviri makoroni eAmerica namabhura ake. Muchinda Regent, mumwe mufambiro wakashata unosanozivikanwa, yakanga iri nhau yokunyomba kwakashata kwapachena nokutsamwa, uye kwakanga kune kutaura kwakawanda kwokumukira kwakakurumbira mukurwisana navaHanoverians. Victoria akadzikamisa humambo. Akazviita pamwe chete neBritish Empire. Kwakanga kuri kutonga kwoumambo uko kwakapa Korona chishongo chayo chinopenya zvikuru muzvose zviri zviviri pfungwa dzokufananidzira nedzechokwadi dzeshoko racho. India yakapa hwaro hwezvinhu zvekufukidzira kirasi yevashandi mune bourgeois mythology. Yakapawo Koh-i-noor, chishongo chikuru chisina kuchekwa munyika, icho kusvikira nhasi chakaiswa mukorona yemhemberero. Uye kukurumbira kwoumambo kwakava kwakabatanidzwa noumambo mukuziva kwechaunga.
Umambo hwacho hwakapera kare, asi umambo hunoyeuchidza vanhu nezve“nguva huru” idzodzo padzakatonga zvikamu zvikuru zvenyika. Sezvo Nairn anopokana mukati The Enchanted Glass, kukunda kwehurumende yeBritain mukurwisana neChimurenga cheFrance chaiva chimwe chikonzero chokuva nechokwadi chokuti yakaramba iri umambo. Mumashoko ake, anoti: “Kufambira mberi kwechinjo yayo yeindasitiri kwakaunza makondinendi mutsoka dzayo, nenzira iyo pasina nyika yakatevera yaizokwanisa kutevedzera. Ropa rakapfuma roupenyu repfuma yenyika rakamhanyira kumusoro wayo, richikweretesa runako rutsva nerevo kudzinza rayo riri pakati nepakati.” Zita redzinza reHanoverian raifanira kuchinjwa sezvo Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakasvika. Yakava Imba yeWindsor.
Mumakore achangopfuura vamwe vatauriri vepamusoro vakapokana kuti mambokadzi achangofa akanga aramba achizivikanwa nekuti aibatanidzwa nendangariro dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Zvizhinji zvechizvarwa chakararama muhondo zvino zvakafa. Vana vavo nevazukuru vaizova nerori duku nemanzwire akataurwa naGeneral de Gaulle kuna mambokadzi mutsamba yakatumirwa muna 1961: “Mumuzinda umo Mwari akakuisa, iva zvauri Madam. Iva munhu ane hukama naye, kuburikidza nekutenderwa kwako, zvinhu zvese muHumambo hwako zvakarongerwa; munhu uyo vanhu vanoona rudzi rwavo maari; munhu ane kuvapo kwake nechiremera, kubatana kwenyika kunotsigirwa.”
The monarch is redundant nhasi. Mambo chaiye weBritain anogara muWhite House. Imba yeWindsor chete basa nhasi nderekubatsira kuchengetedza chimiro chekare chenyika yeBritish, asi shanduko yezvimiro inodiwa pamatanho ese-sezviri bumbiro rakanyorwa. Zvimwe tichazofanira kumirira kuti maScots atange maitiro. Mushure mezvose, vakagadzira muna James Stuart (baba vaCharles I) iye ega mambo weScotland neEngland aive nechipo chenjere.
Handina kuona zviratidzo zvekusuwa kana kunyarara mumigwagwa yeLondon svondo rapfuura. Vechiduku vakawanda havana hanya neumambo. Thatcher nevamwe vechikwata chake vaive vavimbisa kuvandudzwa, asi zvakazochinja. Iye akabatwa zvakare-uye akapedzisira awira kune iyo show yese. Mukupera kwema1980, ndakatsanangura Britain sechitsuwa chine “Queen mbiri dzakagara pachigaro chimwe chete.”
Humambo hunoda kufa uye michato kuitira kuvandudzwa kwayo. Makamera eterevhizheni anobatsira kugadzira charisma. Michato nguva dzose inoratidzwa seinofadza—uye panozoparara muchato wacho, ndangariro dzinenge dzaperawo. Mariro ehurumende anodzikisira Britain kusvika padanho reNorth Korea, sezvakaita mukurumbidza kusina pfungwa uye kwakarongwa kwatiri kupupurira nhasi. Mariro aya ari kushandiswa kusimbisa kubatana kweUnited Kingdom. Kunonoka, ndinofunga. Iyo yeScottish filly yakavharwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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