Kunyangwe G-20 nemamwe masangano ehurumende aramba kubvuma chokwadi, isu hatisi kungorarama kuburikidza nedambudziko remari, zvisinei kuti mamiriro emari emhirizhonga aripo anogona kunge ari, asi dambudziko rakawanda rine zvikamu zvese zvinosimbisa uye. simbisanai. Nokuda kwechinhu ichocho, haisi kunyange 'dambudziko', iro mumutauro usina kukanganisa inguva pfupi pakati pemigumisiro miviri inogona kuitika-muchirwere, somuenzaniso, pakati pekupora uye rufu. Isu tave kwenguva yakareba asi pano isu tichakotamira kune yazvino-yakajairwa mazwi.
Kunze kwemari, munhu anofanirwa kuziva kuti kusaenzana mukati nepakati penyika nevagari kwasvika pamwero usingagoneki munyika dziri mbiri dzakasimukira nedziri kusimukira. Urombo huri kupararira uye huchidzika, kushomeka kwezvokudya nemvura kuri kuwedzera, kukakavara kuri kuitika munzanga dziri kuramba dzichinetseka, uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kune njodziโkuchifambira mberi nokukurumidza kupfuura zvakafanotaurwa nenyanzviโzviri kuitika kwose kwose.
Zvinhu izvi hazvichagone kutariswa zvakasiyana: kupa mienzaniso mishoma yepombi-priming yekubatanidza, tinogona kuona kuti vapfumi vane makwara, madhinasari eecological tsoka uye zvisinei nenhamba yavo idiki zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kwakawanda kupfuura mazana emamiriyoni evarombo. vanhu. Sezvinoratidzwa naJared Diamond mubhuku rake Collapse, chikonzero chikuru chekuparara kwevanhu vekare pasi pekunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwaive kudyiwa kwevakuru vakaenderera mberi nehukuru kushandisa zviwanikwa nguva refu mushure mekunge varombo vekwavo vanzwa pinch, uye nokudaro vakadzinga nzanga yavo kumucheto. Kudziya kwepasi rose kunorova varombo zvakanyanya kudarika vapfumi zvakare, panguva imwe chete iyi zvichiwedzera kusaenzana kwevanhu uye kushomeka kwezvokudya nemvura. Dambudziko rezvemari rinoparadza varombo: munhu anongoda kungofunga nezvehuwandu hwekubiwa kwezvinhu muUnited States uko kwakanda mamiriyoni emhuri mumigwagwa, zvichiwedzera kusachengeteka kwavo nehurombo.1
Mitengo yezvokudya zvinonyanya kukosha kune varombo vanonyanya kutsamira pakudya kwavo kwezuva nezuva kana chapattis inogona kupeta kaviri husiku apo vanofungidzira zvemari vanopinda mumisika yezvigadzirwa kana kuti hurumende uye varidzi veminda vakakura vachiisa zviwanikwa zvevhu zvakawanda pasi pekurimwa kwemafuta ezvekurima. Uye munhu anogona sei kufungidzira kugadzirisa hupfumi apo mamirioni ane mari shoma muhomwe uye akaomerwa nekuoma kwemari uye basa?
Iyi ingori sampuli yekudyidzana kwakawanda pakati pezvinhu zvedambudziko rehuwandu, asi izvi zvinokanganisa zvinoramba zvisingazivikanwe. Bazi rezvemari, rakatorambana zvakanyanya kubva kuhupfumi chaihwo umo varume nevakadzi chaivo vanogara rakatoenda kure kure naro uye rave zvakare kugadzira mabubble anotarisirwa kuputika rimwe nerimwe. Nguva iyo misika yemasheya inoratidza zviratidzo zvehupenyu, tinoudzwa kuti dambudziko rakapera.2
Hurumende ichangobva kuzvigadza yepasi rose yeG-20, ichiperekedzwa nevatsigiri vayo veWorld Bank, International Monetary Fund neWorld Trade Organisation, zviri pachena kuti havasati vanzwisisa zviri kuitika. Mishonga yavakaronga kusvika pari zvino inogumira kuchikamu chezvemari - icho chete chikamu chedambudziko ravanoona - uye kunyangwe ipapo, mishonga iri kuramba ichiipa kupfuura chirwere. Kufungidzira kwemari inokandwa kumasangano ezvemari enyika inotangira pamadhora anoda kusvika matiririyoni mashanu ($5,000,000,000,000); akawanda akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura izvozvo.3
Mari iyi haibude mumhepo asi yakafanana neukoshi hwese hwakadzika midzi mukushanda nemuzvarirwo. Hurumende dziri kubheja nezvebasa remangwana mumhando yemitero, uye pane zvakasikwa nenzira yecash-in, zviwanikwa zvisingadzokerike kuti zvibhadhare hukuru hwavo kune chikamu chemari. Saka vari kutarisirawo ramangwana tout court, iyo inotora chimiro chepiramidhi inoramba ichikura yechikwereti.
Kubhadhara chikwereti chakadaro, mhinduro yakasarudzwa neUnited States ndeyekutengesa Treasury bond (iyo UK inotengesa 'gilts' yayo) iyo inodzamisa defisiti uye kusundira chikwereti chinoramba chichienderera mberi mune ramangwana. Hapana, zvisinei, chinovimbisa kuti hurumende yeUnited States haizokundwa nemuedzo wekuderedza mari yayo, pachena kana pachivande, kuitira kuti ideredze chikwereti chayo mutoro: zviratidzo zvakawanda zvechirongwa chakadaro zvinotoonekwa pakatarisana uye bhavhu muzvibatiso zvehurumende. injodzi iri pachena. Vanogona zvakare, nenzira imwecheteyo, kungodhinda mari, vachigadzira zviratidzo zveWeimar nezvimwe zvinotyisa zvakaparadza nzanga yese uye zvakatungamira kuhondo ine ropa rakawanda munhoroondo.
Vanogonawo kupfuurira kupedza masango kana ivhu kana zvicherwa pamitengo yokutengesa motoโzvavo vamene, kana kuti zvevamwe vanhu zvichitsamira pakuti kusvika kupi kwavanokara kunosvika. Uye ivo vanogona zvechokwadi mutero (uye mutero, uye mutero) vagari vavo panguva imwe cheteyo vachidzikisa huwandu hwese hwesevhisi yehurumende. Iyo G-20's yekuda kwezviyero zvakadaro zviri pachena: haina imwe mutemo yekupa. Vagari kwese kwese vacharibhadharira kwete bedzi mumitero uye mumabasa akaderedzwa ehurumende asiwo kupfurikidza nokuisa mari shoma uye nokudaro kushaikwa kwamabasa kwakakwirira.
Ngatirambei tinzwisise kuti zvisinei nekumisikidzwa kwekubatana uye New World Order rhetoric, kana dambudziko rikaitika, munhu wese zvake. European โUnionโ, European Central Bank (ECB) nenyika yayo huru uye yakapfuma, Germany, yakaratidza zvakajeka ichi chokwadi, ichidzivisa kutora mutoro upi noupi nokuda kwezvinetso zvomumwe munhu sezvo munhu aizodzivisa kutsvoda vane maperembudzi.
Pupurira nyaya yeLatvia, imwe yenyika dzichangobva kubvumirwa (2004) nhengo dzeEurope. Kubva 2008, iyi nyika isingafadzi yeBaltic yakaona 18% yechigadzirwa chayo chepamba (GDP) ichibuda uye iri kudonha. Mumwe anogona kufunga kuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu, mune iyi yakanaka Union, European Central Bank yaizotora mutoro wekukweretesa kuLatvia. Mumwe angave akakanganisa: ECB haitsvode kana kukweretesa kune vane maperembudzi. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti ECB inomira mumumvuri weBundesbank muFrankfurt uye kuti iyo yekupedzisira haisarudzi kuisa pangozi chero ipi zvayo yeEU nhengo yenyika. Saka IMF ichatora mabasa ekukweretesa pasi pemamiriro ayo emazuva ese ekutarisisa. Zvimwe chetezvo kuRomania, kune nyika dzisina simba dzeEurozone dzakaita seGreece uye, taura zvakanyanya kusava netariro pakati pedu, pamwe kunyangwe kunyika dzakaita seSpain neItaly pane rimwe zuva ramangwana.
Uyu mutemo une musoro here? Kwete saizvozvo. Kana Latvia kana Greece yaigona kukwereta pasi pemitemo yakapfava neECB's neEurozone inotsigirwa, vaizoshandisa mari shoma vachibhadhara vakwereta uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwavo; saka vaizopora nekukurumidza. Vanogona kuzoshandisa mari yakanaka kutenga zvinhu zveGermany kunze kwenyika-asi iyi itarisiro iri kure kune chero munhu ane masimba kuti azvinetse nekufungisisa, kusanganisira, sekutaura kwaanogona, European Commission kana ECB.
MuUnited States, somuUnited States nhengo dzeEU, kana vagari vakadana mari iri nani yezvikoro uye kutarisira utano, mari yakawanda mumabasa, mabasa ehurumende ari nani kana kuti zvivakwa nezvimwe zvakadaro, vakaudzwa kuti mari yakanga isingawanikwi. Vanofanira kuva nemoyo murefu uye kuita zvishoma. Zvisinei, apo mabhangi noupenzi hwawo akaparara, mabhiriyoni emadhora akawanikwa mukati memazuva mashoma. Kana iri IMF, yakagamuchira mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu emabhirioni, ichiibvisa zviri nyore kubva kumucheto kwekutadza kwayakange yapera mwedzi yakati wandei, ichitsamira chete pakubhadhara kwakashata kwezvikwereti kwayakaita kunzvimbo dzakaita seTurkey kana Pakistan, kubhadhara mari yayo. mihoro yevashandi.
Kurongeka kwakawanda kwakaipisisa kwakaitwa mukuzvidza zvachose vagari vasina njodzi zvekuti munhu haazive pekutangira: zviri nani, saka, kwete kuedza asi kungoona chete kuti munharaunda yakajairika inoshanda pasi pemisika yemazuva ese kana mitemo ye capitalist, mabhanga angave e. vateresi vane mutoro wakakwana nokuda kworuponeso rwavo. Isu tese takasimudzwa kuti titende kuti kana munhu akavhura homwe yake, iri mukutarisira kugamuchira chimwe chakanaka, sevhisi kana kubatsirwa mukudzoka. Panyaya yekubhadhara mitero, munhu anotarisirawo kubatsirwa kubva munzanga inoshanda.
Izvo zvakare kazhinji inyaya yehutsika hweveruzhinji, kana chete kuponesa vezvematongerwo enyika kubva kune opprobrium, kuchengetedza vasina mhosva uye kuita kuti vane mhosva varangwe. Hapana imwe yenheyo idzi inoshanda zvakare. Vane mhosva vanopihwa mubairo wakapetwa kazana uye vasina mhosva vanoudzwa kuti vanyarare nekufokora. Havana chavanombowana mukutsinhana nemipiro yavoโiyo yanhasi uye yakawanda, yakawanda mangwana. Ivo vanopiwa panzvimbo pokurovha, kuderedzwa kwepenjeni namabasa ehurumende nemipimo yakaderera nokuda kwavo vamene navana vavo. Mhindu inochengeterwa veruzhinji nepo kurasikirwa kuchifambiswa, sechinyakare munharaunda yakavakirwa neoliberal, yemusika fundamentalist ideology.
Zviitiko zvakanyanyisa zvemwedzi inoverengeka yapfuura, zvisati zvamboitika kubvira kuma1930, zvinofanira kutitungamirira kuti tinyatsoongorora nzvimbo yatiri kurarama iye zvino uye zvingaitika kuti zvigadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhuโzviri nani kana kuti zvakaipa. Mumwe anogona kuronga zvinokwanisika zvakaipa uye zvakanaka. Kudivi rakashata kune kutya kwakawanda asi kudivi rakanaka kune tariro, iyo inogona kuibva muchokwadi kana masimba akakurumbira akatanga kuronga kuita mibatanidzwa nehuremu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye chinangwa chakajeka.
Kutanga kutya: muchidimbu, zvinhu zvinogona kutonyanya kuipa. Fungidzira kuti bubble mubepa rehurumende rinoputika uye, semabhubhu ese, rinoputirwa. Iti izvi zvinoitika kuUnited States: dhora rekuAmerica harisisina basa raro semari yepasi rose; stopgap matanho anoiswa munzvimbo kuti awane zvishoma, mamirioni, uye kwete vanhu vekuAmerica chete, vanorasikirwa nemari yavo, penjeni, inishuwarenzi uye zvichingodaro. Mamiriro ekunze anotanga kushanduka. Kuvanhu vokuEurope nokuNorth America, yaigona kuenda neimwe nziraโyakananga kuaizi somugumisiro wokunyunguduka kweaizi inodururira mabhiriyoni amatani emvura inoomesa nechando mumakungwa, ichikonzera nyonganyonga neGulf Stream nemamwe mafungu egungwa; kumoto se CO2 uye kubudiswa kwemethane kunokonzera kutiza kukwira kwekushisa kunoperekedzwa nekusanaya kwemvura uye kukurumidza kukwira kwemvura yegungwa.
Mamirioni evapoteri vemamiriro ekunze ari kufamba uye hapana uto pasi pano rinogona kuvamisa. Zvirwere zviri kupararira nekukurumidza uye kurwisana kwakanangana nekuwana zvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai sezvokudya nemvura zviri kuwedzera. Nenguva isipi zviyeuchidzo zvedu zvese zvakanaka uye matepi ebudiriro akafanana nechivezwa cheOzymandias mugwenga risingaperi.4
Nenzira isingashamisi, vanhu vanovenga kufungidzira ngwavaira dzakadaro; vachida kudavira kuti neimwe nzira โivoโโvaya vane zvinzvimboโvanoziva zvavari kuita uye vachatarisira zvinhu zvokuti hapana anofanira kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro. Kutarisana nemukana wakadaro kekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu, ndoda iyo yekuMadokero (kana iyo nyaya yekuMabvazuva) budiriro, inonetesa, inotyisa uye inopa Scarlett O'Hara Syndrome: 'Ini handisi kuzofunga nezvazvo. kuti nhasi. Ndichafunga nezvazvo mangwana.โ
Kuita kwazvino 'kwavapa' maererano nedambudziko harikurudzire mune izvi, kana kupa chivimbo. Zvakadaro munhu anogona kuwana nzvimbo yeimwe mamiriro uye mishonga yakawanda yakatitarisa kumeso. Iwo akawanda, anochinja matambudziko anogonawo kuonekwa zvakanaka, semazaruro akananga kune zvine musoro mhinduro. Tariro dzinogona kutsanangurwa sezvizvi.
chengetedzo chinhu chiri pachena chinodiwa. Bazi rezvemari rakazvimiririra rakashandisa mabhiriyoni chaiwo achikurudzira kuti mitemo ibviswe. Rusununguko rusina muganhu rwakavapo rwakatungamirira zvakananga uye chaizvoizvo kunjodzi. Mitemo yakabviswa inofanira kudzoserwa panzvimbo uye yasiiwa ipapo. Zvinokumbira kutenda kuti hurumende dzedu muhuchenjeri hwadzo hadzina kuomerera pamatanho ekutanga akadaro. Uripi, mweya waFranklin Delano Roosevelt, patinenge tichikuda zvakanyanya?
Vanhu vazhinji, vandiri mumwe wavo, vangada kuona mabhangi achingoshamwaridzana uye kiredhiti ichiwaniswa kune vanokodzera kukwereta, ese mafemu nedzimba (kunyanya avo vane green project) pamutengo. Kutorwa kwese kwedzimba kunofanirwa kumira uye vanhu vanofanirwa kubvumidzwa kugara mudzimba dzavo pamusika werendi; nemari yekurenda ichiverengerwa kuva muridzi. Sezvo hupfumi hwese hweUS hwaive hwakavakirwa pachikwereti, mhuri dzinofanirwa kugashira kutariswa kwakafanana nemabhangi makuru kana zvasvika pamashoko ari nyore. Kana zvikwereti zvakatonyanya kuomarara zvemabhanga makuru zvichigona kurongwazve, ndizvo zvinogona kuita zvevanasaimba nemafemu madiki.
Kugoverwa patsva ndiwo mushonga wekuwedzera kusaenzana; kwete hazvo, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva, kuburikidza nekubhadhara mari; kazhinji kuburikidza nekusimudzirwa kwemabasa eruzhinji, dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro, hutano, zvifambiso zveveruzhinji nezvimwe zvakadaro. Progressive mutero chigadzirwa chekutanga 1900s, chakakwana mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Zvamazvirokwazvo hatisi vanotya zvikuru zvokuti hatigoni kutevedzera aya mapiona esayenzi ndokugoverana naavo vane, nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi, zvishoma. Kuti vave nezvakawanda, mihoro inofanirwa kuratidza budiriro yebudiriro iyo muzera rekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasirese havachaiti, chero munhu, kumwe, anenge ane pundutso sewe, anoda kushandira kashanu kana gumi zvishoma.
'Re-localisation'- izvo zvinogona kunziwo'de-globalisationโโzvinongoreva kudzosa basa rehupfumi pedyo nevanhu vane hanya nazvo, kunyanya nezvekudya nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Pfungwa yacho inoda kutsigirwa. Zviitiko zvakawanda sezvinobvira zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa mukati menharaunda dzenzvimbo; munzvimbo dzakawanda izvi zviri kutoitika zvoga. 'De-kukura' (kubva kuFrench 'dcroissance') ndicho chimwe chikamu cheyakaipa yakashandurwa kukosha kwakanaka: unogona kuderedza hupfumi 'kuburikidza' muhurongwa, asi iwe unowedzera dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza uye mufaro wevanhu.
Emergency action pamamiriro ekunze inofanira kuitwa pamatanho ese, kubva kumunhu kusvika kune yenyika kusvika pasirese, nekumhanya kukuru kunobvira. Hatisi kutaura nezve 2050 asi nezve mangwana. Chiito chakadaro chinotanga nekumisa tsvina yakakura iyo nhasi inotonga kushandiswa kwesimba. Wese munhu anoziva zvinoda kuitwa, hapana kutsanangurwa kunodiwa pano.
A itsva North/South balance inodaidzwa nokukurumidza. Varombo vekuMaodzanyemba vave nemakumi emakore vachipa mari vapfumi vekuMaodzanyemba ukuwo vapfumi vekuMaodzanyemba vachiwana kushandirapamwe kwakasimba kuMaodzanyemba (kubva kunzvimbo dzemitero, mabhanga, vanogadzira midziyo zvichingodaro) kubira vanhu vavo. A minimalist tsika; pfungwa diki yerusaruro, ingave rubatsiro rwakakura pano, kutanga nekukanzurwa kwechikwereti, kunopihwa zvine chekuita nekubatana kwezvakatipoteredza kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kugoverazve kuvarombo nevane nzara. Kudai taigona kuderedza kudziya kwepasi uye nokudaro nhamba dzevapoteri vemamiriro okunze uye rwisano dzomunzvimbomo dzisingaverengeki, taigonawo kuderedza, munguva yakazara, kushandiswa kwezvomboโinenge bhiriyoni remadhora pagore sezvazvakaita.
Democracy yakakombwa. Chimwe chinhu chakaomesesa chedambudziko iri ndechekuti vagari vemo vari kunyimwa inzwi ravo zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvimwe zvinonyanya kuoneka muEuropean Union umo tsika yegutsaruzhinji inoitwa mukuzvidzwa pachena sezvo maFrench, maDutch nemaIrish vakadzidza pavakatadza kuvhota nemazvo pasarudzo dzakatoitwa nevari nani. Kunyomba kuzvitonga kwakakurumbira chinhu chimwe chete chekurwisa-democratic. Mamwe ndiwo mafungiro akadai se 'vane chekuita' vakatsiva 'vanhu'. Tine chikwereti ichi chekuchinja kune Third Way theoreticians; ngatingorangarirai kuti kuva neโdandaโ nguva dzose kunoreva pfuma kana kubheja; kusamboda kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika kana simba rezvematongerwo enyika.
Kuzvidza vasingagone mune zvematongerwo enyika, munhuwo zvake anoperekedzwa nehutongi hwakasununguka hunopiwa kumasangano akazvimiririra anoratidzwa kuburikidza nekukurudzira. Kupesvedzera kukuru kwenzvimbo dzekutambira kunoramba kusingatariswe uye iyo ichangobva kugadzwa EU 'rejista yekuzvidira' ijee rakashata, richikurudzira kuwedzera kudzikisira demokrasi. Munhuwo zvake, aimbove, asi asingacharangarirwi soโmugari wemoโโanoshamisa sei! - panguva imwechete yakaderedzwa kusvika kune chimiro chemutengi. 'Kubvunzana' uye 'kuvaka kubvumirana' zvakafanana zvinotsiva kunetsana kwakanyanya kune hutano uye misiyano yemafungiro inobatanidza democracy. Isu tinobvunzurudzwa pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvakagara zvarongwa izvo vane simba vakatoita uye hazvigone kuchinja nechikonzero chekuti avo vakabvunzwa havazvigamuchire.
Basa guru riri pamberi pedu nderekudzorera zvose zviri zviviri hutongi hwejekerere uye hunotora rutivi kuitira kuti tiwanezve uye tishandise masimba ezvematongerwo enyika pazvinhu zvedu pachedu. Ndiani angaita zvinhu zvakadaro? Vanhu vakashatirwa asi vanonzwawo vasina simba. Kusvika pari zvino, havaratidziki kuva vakatsamwa zvokuita; zvichida vanotyawo kuti chiito chinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvitoipisisa; kuti vachiri nezvakawanda zvokurasikirwa nazvo. Pamwe havaoni kuti votanga sei.
Zvinokosha kuratidzira, naizvozvo, kuti mari yezvemari yakaratidza imene kuva muvengi wavose: wevanhu vanoshanda, vanodya mudyandigere, masangano evashandi, mabhizimisi maduku, vezvemhoteredzo, vashandi vebasa rehurumende navashandisiโndaza inopfuurira. Mari yemari iri kure kure nekunetseka uye zviitiko zvevanhu chaivo uye zvakanyanya kukuvadza hupenyu hwavo.
Zviripachena kuti hurumende dzenyika uye embryonic 'hurumende yenyika' yeG-20, World Bank, IMF, WTO, et al., Vakasarudza kushandira zvakatetepa zvinogoneka zvakazvimiririra zvishuwo zvemasangano ezvemari nemaindasitiri. Zvisinei nezvipingamupinyi, zvisineyi, zvido zvinopikisana nesarudzo dzavo iuto, kurudziro yezviito zvemubatanidzwa iripo uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka nazvo mibatanidzwa mitsva yemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika zviri pamberi pedu. Tine nhamba, mazano, uye pamwe chete, kunyange mari. Zvatinoshaya kuzvivimba zvakakwana, zvakadzika mukubatana kwekuziva kwesimba redu pachedu uye hukuru hwedu, hwakaratidzwa nenhoroondo kugona kwekugadzira shanduko yakanaka.
Tariro haina kusimba, asi kunyangwe ikaratidzirwa zvakashata ine vimbiso: kunyangwe 'ivo' vanowanzo 'kuhwina' nguva zhinji, kusaziva, kusaziva, kusaruramisira uye mhirizhonga hazviwanzo kukunda. Nhoroondo yekusunungurwa kwevanhu haisati yapera. Chokwadi chinogona kukonzera kutya, asi chinogona kupa zvikonzero zvetariro. Tariro ndiyo tariro yedu chete sezvatinotarisana nechokwadi chezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe rekusangana nematambudziko.
Notes
Zvose zvakatorwa muna 2008 zvaiva mamiriyoni 2.3, zvichikwira kusvika pamamiriyoni 2.8 muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zve 2009. Zvose zva2009 zvinotarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni 3.5. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushaya mabasa, maererano neAmerican Mortgage Bankers Association (http://www.mbaa.org), zvikwereti zvevaridzi vemba zvinosvika mamiriyoni mana โzvine misikanzwaโ (hapana muripo kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe) kana kuti mumatanho ekutanga ekuvharirwa. Onawo saiti ye http://www.realtytrac.com yenzvimbo yekutengeserana pane yakavharirwa zvivakwa zvinotengeswa.
Muma1950, zvikwereti zvakasara muUnited States zvakakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati pechikamu chezvemari nehupfumi chaihwo. Pakazosvika 2007, pamusoro pe80% yezvikwereti kubva kumabhanga eUS zvaienda kuUS yemari chikamu. Ona Dirk Bezemer (2009), Shamwari paChikoro Chekutsvagisa, Economics uye Bhizinesi Dhipatimendi, University of Groningen.
Pasi rose mari yechibatiso inozivikanwa zvakanyanya kunetsa kuverengerwa. Zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa ndezvekuti mari dzakaitwa here kana kuti dzakaiswa nehurumende; nhamba huru yemasangano ehurumende ari kutora mari yacho; kuti mabhanga anogamuchira ari kuvabhadhara here kana kuti kwete kana achida kuzviita; misiyano muhurongwa hwekushuma kwenyika nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iyo CNN Mari Peji 'Bailout Tracker' (http://www.cnnmoney.com) muna Mbudzi 2009 akapa kuUnited States chete nhamba dzemadhora matiriyoni matatu akaiswa uye 11 trillion yakazvipira. KuDzipatimendi rePfuma, Special Inspector General wehurumende yekununura โTroubled Assets Relief Programโ, kana kuti SIGTARP, Neil Barofsky, akakonzera mheremhere paakaburitsa hofisi yake yaChikunguru 2009 yekota yega yega achizivisa yakazara vimbiso yehurumende yeUS kumasangano emari inosvika madhora zviuru makumi maviri nezvitatu nenomwe. Munyori Geithner haana kuseka; SIGTARP yakapindura kuti zvese zvaive zvaitwa nehofisi yake kwaive kuwedzera nhamba (http://www.sigtarp.gov).
Kubva mudetembo raPercy Bysshe Shelley ozymandias:
Ndakasangana nemumwe mufambi aibva kunyika yekare
Iye akati: โMakumbo maviri makuru uye asina hunde ebwe
Mira murenje. Pedyo navo pajecha.
Hafu yanyura, chitarisiko chakapwanyika chinonyepa, ane hunyambiri
Uye muromo wakaunyana uye kunyomba kwekuraira kunotonhora
Udza kuti muvezi wayo zvakanaka zvishuwo izvozvo verenga
Izvo zvichiri kurarama, zvakatsika pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvisina hupenyu,
Ruoko rwaivaseka nemoyo waidya.
Uye pane pedestal mazwi aya anoonekwa:
'Zita rangu ndiOzymandias, Mambo weMadzimambo.
Tarirai mabasa angu, imi vane simba, mugoora moyo!
Hapana parutivi chinosara. Kutenderedza kuora
Pamusoro pekuparara kukuru uku, kusina muganhu uye kusina,
Iyo imwe uye yejecha jecha anotambanudza kure kure.
References
1. Bezemer, D. (2009) Kukweretesa kunofanira kutsigira hupfumi chaihwo. Financial Times โ 5 Mbudzi
2. Diamond, J. (2005) Kudonha: Masangano Anosarudza Kukundikana kana Kubudirira Penguin Books, New York neLondon
3. Shelley, PB (1817) ozymandias
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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