"NHAURIRO YEKUTENDERA UYE INTERCULTURAL: hana uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze"
SEMINA YEINTERNATIONAL CENTRE YEKUSUKURUDZA KWEKODZO DZEVANHU [CIPDH] neUNESCO.
BUENOS AIRES, 1-2 SEPTEMBER 2016
KUITA GEOCIDE: KUCHINJWA KWETEMEZVO uye CORPORATE CAPTURE
SUSAN GEORGE
Vaenzi vanoremekedzwa, Madzimai neVarume,
Sangano reInternational Center for the Promotion of Human Rights rakandipa ruremekedzo rwekuvhara seminari ino uye ndinotenda zvikuru CIPDH nekundisanganisa muchiitiko chakakosha ichi. Ndine chokwadi chekuti ndinotaura nekuda kwedu tose ndichiti semina iyi yanga ichipa mubairo mukuru panjere, pachokwadi uye nekurongeka zvakanaka. Ndinokumbira kuti tibatane neni mukuratidza kutenda kwedu noushamwari kunesu tose kuvatauri vakabatsira kuti kunaka kwaro, kuvashandi vashanda nesimba kuti tive pamwe chete muguta rino rakanaka uye kuvaturikiri vakatibatsira kuyambuka tsika nemagariro. miganhu. [Kuombera] .
Tinogona kuenzanisa iyi seminar nechikamu chimwe chenzira refu parudzi rwerwendo rwemazuva ano; imwe nhanho yerwendo rwakaoma asi rusingaperi rune mubayiro. Takagovana chikamu chemugwagwa uyu kune izvo zvatinotarisira tese kuti ichava nyika yakagadzikana, yakasimba, yakakodzera kugarwa nevanhu. Tinovimba kuti rwendo urwu ruchatungamira mukubudirira kweCOP22 muMarrakech vozoenderera mberi, kudzamara tasvika pachinangwa chiri kure chekumisa, tozodzosera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Tinoziva kuti pasi nemarudzi ose ane zviuru zvezvipenyu zvinorarama panyika yaro uye pasi pemakungwa ayo haakwanisi kutsungirira kuwedzera kwetembiricha inopfuura madhigirii maviri. Isu takatosvika anopfuura dhigirii rimwe pamusoro peavhareji yenhoroondo uye tanonoka zvine njodzi kutora mugwagwa uyu. Zvino zvakakosha kuti tienderere mberi.
Kunondiorora kuti marudzidziso ose ane nzendo tsvene dzawo, kungava kuMecca, Mutsvene Jacques de Compostelle, nzvimbo iri muIndia yeKuvhenekerwa kwaBuddha, maguta matsvene echiHindu eIndia kana kuti nzvimbo dzinoyera dzeJerusarema. Vanhu vanotanga nzendo idzi dzekutenda vanowanzotsvaka kukanganwirwa kana kuponeswa, kuvhenekerwa, kuporeswa kana kuti zvimwe kupiwa kwechishuwo chinokosha.
Rwendo rwedu rwese rwakasiyana. Hatitsvaki zvikomborero zvomunhu oga asi ruponeso netariro nokuda kwavanhu vose uye nokuda kwomusha wedu, pasi. Vose vari mungozi huru. Takatanga rwendo urwu nekuti tinoziva kuti vanhu havana kumbobvira vapinda munjodzi huru kupfuura panguva ino.
Ndinoedza kusataura nezve "kuponesa pasi". Chero zvingaitwa nevanhu, pasi richaramba richitenderera paaxis yaro uye richitenderera zuva sezvarakaita kwemakore anenge mabhiriyoni mana nehafu. Planet Earth, iyo yatinofunga se "yedu", haisi "yedu" zvachose. Inogona kuenderera mberi, yakashandurwa zvachose, kufamba munzira yayakatemwa tisina isu. Zvamazvirokwazvo, munhu angagona kutaura nenzira iri nyore, sezvinoitwa nevanonzi โnyanzvi dzemhoteredzo dzakadzamaโ kuti pasi raizova riri nani zvikuru pasina isu, sezvo vachisimbisa kuti isu vanhu tiri mhuka dzinoparadza, dzinoparadza uye dzinoparadza zvikurusa ati amborarama pasi pano. mumakore mabhiriyoni mana nechidimbu iwayo.
Ini handisi pano kusimudzira yakadzika ecology maonero. Ndiri pano kusuma nekutsanangura zvandinoona sechiitiko chitsva munhoroondo yevanhu. Ndinozvidaidza Geocide. Geocide chiitiko chemubatanidzwa cherudzi rumwe pakati pemamiriyoni ezvimwe zvipenyu zviri kushandura Nyika kusvika padanho rekuti inogona kusazivikanwa uye kusakodzera hupenyu. Mhando iyi inozvipira geocide zvinopesana nezvose zvinoumba zvisikwa, zvingava zvipenyu zvisingaonekwi, zvirimwa, mhuka kana zvinopesana nazvo, homo sapiens, vanhu.
Homo sapiens yave iripo kweanoda kusvika 200.000 makore. Nguva yatakapedza pasi rino zvichienzaniswa nezera rayo rose ipfupi zvisingaite, kadikidiki kenguva yejoloji. Inongova 0.00004 muzana chete yokuvapo kwepasi. Uye kunyangwe chero mhando dzakapihwa dzezvirimwa kana mhuka-vertebrate kana invertebrate- dzinogara paavhareji makore angangoita mamirioni gumi, mhando yedu inoratidzika kunge yakatsunga kukonzeresa kutsakatika kwayo, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvisikwa, nguva refu isati yapihwa nguva. Kufa kwerudzi rwese, geologically kutaura, chiitiko chinowanzoitika. Kumwe kutsakatika kunoshamisaโfunga nezvemadinosaurโkwakawanda kunyangarika kwakanyarara kunosiya zvisaririra zvishomanana. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzichange dzanyangarika nekusingaperi pakati penguva yatakasvika nenguva yatinosiya seminari iyi. Vesainzi vanotiudza kuti "background rate" yekutsakatika yakapetwa kane chiuru pane avhareji uye vamwe vakatanga kudaidza nguva yedu "kutsakatika kukuru kwechitanhatu". Iyo yapfuura, kupera kwePermian, kwakaitika makore angangoita mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Inenge 250 muzana yezvipenyu zvose zvezvipenyu zvaiva panyika panguva iyoyo zvakatsakatiswa, zvichida nemhaka yekuputika kwemakomo uye kudziya kuchikonzera kubudiswa kukuru kwemethane kubva mumakungwa.
Zvisikwa zvinonyangarika zvakanyanya nekuti hazvigone kuchinjika nekukurumidza kumamiriro ari kukurumidza kuchinja. Vamwe, vanhu vanosanganisirwa, vanogona kujairana nemhoteredzo yakakura uye kusiyana kwakakura kwetembiricha, kubva kuSiberia kana Greenland kuenda kuPakistan kana Sahel, asi hapana mhuka inochinjika nekusingaperi uye ese ane miganhu.
Yedu ndiyo yega mhuka pakati pemamiriyoni akapihwa chipo chemutauro, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira maturusi, uye pamusoro pezvose pfungwa, kukwanisa kufungidzira, kufunga uye kunamata. Uye zvakadaro, kuguma kwehupenyu hwedu pachedu kunoratidzika kusinganzwisisike isu tese: kutyisa zvakanyanya uye kwakanyanyisa kufungisisa. Kutsakatika hakugoni kuitika kwatiriโisu vanhu takachenjera zvikuru muruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, tinogona kuwana mhinduro kuchinetso chipi nechipi, tiri madzishe echisiko uye hatingakundikani, ndoda kunyangarika.
Hapana mumwe kunze kwevashoma eccentrics zvino anoramba kuti vanhu vanokwanisa kuita genocide; takaona zviitiko zvinotyisa zvekupondwa kwevanhu vakawanda muhupenyu hwedu uye, nekuti takaziva izvi zvinotyisa, tinokwanisa zita it. Mitauro yese yakasungirwa kuwedzera izwi rinotyisa iri, genocide, kumashoko avo.
Isu tinotokwanisa kufungidzira, ndoda kuziva kuti isu tinokwanisawo kuita geocide? Mupfungwa dzangu, izwi iri rinopfuura "ecocide" iyo kusvika parizvino inoita seyakaganhurirwa kune dzakati nharaunda kana nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzakadai sekuparadzwa kwesango kana kusvibiswa kukuru kwe, toti, Gulf yeMexico. Geocide inhamo yakanyanya kuwanda: kurwiswa kukuru kunopesana nezvisikwa zvatiri chikamu chazvo, kurwisa hupenyu hwese hwepanyika uye neKusikwa pamwe nekuramba zvachose munhu kodzero; Ndinoisa kuti chiitiko chekupedzisira chekuparadza chiri kuitika uye kuti tinoda zita razvo. Pasina zita, hatina pfungwa uye pasina pfungwa hatigone kuirwisa. Ndokusaka ndakatsvaga izwi idzva.
Pamwe unondiwana ndiri alarmist. Rega ndikupe zvishoma zvezvichangobva kuwanikwa zvesainzi zvine chekuita nekumhanya nekufambira mberi kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvakawanda zvakatorwa kubva munguva pfupi yapfuura State of the Climate Report inotungamirwa neUnited States National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. Inotora pane zvakaburitswa nemazana emasayendisiti kubva kunyika 62.
Muna 2015, zvinyorwa zvitsva zvakare zvakagadzirirwa kutonhora, kukwira kwegungwa uye mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Kunge 2014, 2015 ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kudziya pane rekodhi uye 2016 inogona kutyora iyo rekodhi zvakare. Makungwa haakwanisi kutora magasi egreenhouse atiri kugadzira uye ari kukurumidza kudziya. Gore rakapera Eastern Pacific yaidziya madhigirii maviri uye Arctic Ocean yakasvika pamusoro pemadhigirii masere akazara kupfuura maavhareji enhoroondo. Arctic sea ice-cover ndiyo yaive yakadzikira kubvira pakatanga kuyera masatellite makore makumi matatu nemanomwe apfuura. Kudziya kwemugungwa kuri kukonzera kuti maruva makuru ane muchetura apararira muPacific North West uye kubva kumahombekombe eAustralia, achiuraya makorari, hove, shiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Masayendisiti nevatapi venhau vakagadzira izwi rokuti "marine heatwaves". Arctic marine mhuka dziri kunetsekana kujairana nekutama kukuru kwevakwikwidzi vanokwezvwa nemvura inodziya uye kudya kushomeka kwechikafu. Kana ice sheet yeGreenland ikanyunguduka zvachose, kunyangarika kwayo kunosimudza mazinga egungwa nemamita manomwe anoshamisa. Gore rapfuura yakaratidza kunyungudika inopfuura hafu yepasi.
Tinofanirawo kutarisira kufa kwakanyanya kwevanhu nekuda kwemafashamu akawanda, kusanaya kwemvura kwakawanda, kutsva kwemoto wemasango uye madutu ane chisimba chakawanda pamwe nekudzingwa kwevanhu uye vapoteri vakawanda vemamiriro ekunze vari kutsvaga imba inogarika. Kuperevedza kwezvokudya nemvura, kunyanya kumakumi emamiriyoni anotsamira pamazaya echando nokuda kwemvura yawo, kuchavawo kwakawanda. Zvishoma zvinokurukurwa asi zvakanyanya zviripo mukufunga kwevagadziri vemauto vakaita sevari muPentagon, ndiko kuwedzera kunotarisirwa mukusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, hutsinye, izvo zvinonzi "nyika dzakakundikana" uye hondo chaiyo. Nyanzvi dzava kubvuma kuti hondo yeSyria yakakonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzayo dzinorimwa gorosi.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze hakusi masvomhuโnemamwe mashoko, 1+ 1+1 hazvireve hazvo kuti mutsara wakatwasuka wakanaka pagirafu. Shanduko ndeye exponential, zvichireva kuti kuwedzera kwega kwega kwekupisa kunogona kumutsa kuwedzera. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti "mhinduro yakanaka" uye inogona kuenderera kusvika "kumhanya-kure" shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yatora uye isingachamisiki. Pakati pemienzaniso inotyisa zvikuru iko zvino kunyungudika kwepermafrost muSiberia neAlaska. Inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemazana mana ematani emethane akasungwa mune iyi permafrost uye gasi remethane rine simba rakapetwa makumi maviri kupfuura CO1400. Zvichienderana nekukurumidza kunyunguduka kwepermafrost, dhamu rakakura kwazvo remagasi egreenhouse rinogona kukonzeresa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye geocide aizotora. Kunyange vapfumi, avo vanowanzozvifunga vamene sevakasununguka chose chose pamitemo yomusikirwo, vaisagona kunzvenga miuyo yacho.
Pamwe isu tatopfuura nzvimbo yengozi. Asi sezvo pasina anoziva zvechokwadi, tinofanira kuita sekunge tichine mukana wekumisa nekudzoreredza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Vanhu varipo mumusangano uyu vakasiyana-siyana zvikuru asi tose tine ruzivo rwakanyanya uye tine ruzivo rwakakwana, tine hanya zvikuru nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kodzero dzevanhu uye kazhinji nehupenyu hwemweya. Naizvozvo isu takasarudzawo kumira tichipokana nezvipingamupinyi uye kuita zvatinogona kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti mutambo wevanhu uenderere mberi.
Asi zvinondibata izvo chaizvo nekuti vanhu vakakomba, vanofunga uye vane tsika vakazvisarudzira ivo pachavo, vanogona kuve nekunetseka kubvuma kuti havasi vese vanogovana maitiro avo kana kuzvipira kwavo. Zvibvunze mubvunzo uyu: Iwe unowanzo tenda here kuti njodzi dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze dziri pachena uye dziri pachena zvekuti vanhu vese vakajairwa vanofanira kutsigira zvinangwa zvakafanana zvaunoita? Unofunga here, somuenzaniso, kuti sezvo tiine ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, ruzivo nemari yokuita chinjo huru kuenda kunyika isina mafuta ezvisaririra yakavakirwa pasimba rinomutsidzirwa, avo vasingagoverani pfungwa yedu yokukurumidzira vanongoudzwa zvisizvo? kuti vanongoda mamwe mashoko uye tsanangudzo dziri nani?
Kana uchifunga izvozvo, saka ndinofanira kutora njodzi yekukugumbura. Kutaura chokwadi, ndinotya kuti maonero akadaro haana kururama. Pasina panikiro vanhu vasingazivi nezvengozi dzokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze dzichiripo, asi dziripo zvechokwadi kwete vanhu vanotungamirira zvinhu zvenyika.
Aiwa. Dambudziko chairo nderekuti takatarisana nevavengi vakatsunga, vakanyatsorongeka vasina basa nekodzero dzevanhu kana kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze; uyo pamwe aizoseka kutaurwa chaiko geocide. Vanoda chinhu chimwe chete: bhizinesi semazuva ese uye nyika yavanogona kuita mari isingaperi vachishandisa chero zviwanikwa zviripo, zvisinei kuti zvakadii kune zvakasikwa uye kuhupenyu hwevanhu. Kunze kwekunge isu tichigona kugamuchira chokwadi ichi uye kutarisana nemhandu idzi, pamwe neveruzhinji nemasangano akazvimirira avanoshanda, ndinotya kuti isu hatina tariro yekuzodzivirira. geocide.
Vavengi chaivo variko. Havazoshandurwe nenharo dzine musoro, kurudziro, munamato kana muenzaniso wetsika. Kutarisana navo kunowedzera kuoma nekuti vane zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro, zvine simba uye vanogona kutyisidzira vanoedza kuvamisa. Pano zvingabatsira kutaura mashoko e19th Munyori wezvakaitika kare wokuBritain Lord Acton. Akanyora asingakanganwi, "simba rinoshatisa uye simba rakakwana rinoshatisa zvachose", achiwedzera kuti"varume vakuru vanenge vari varume vakaipa nguva dzose. โโฆ Simba rinoita huwori nekuti rinobvumira vanhu, masangano kana hurumende kumanikidza zvavanoda uye kuumba nyika kuti ienderane nezvido zvavo ipapo. Munguva yakapfuura, izvi zvaiwanzoitwa kuburikidza nehondo uye pano imwe huru 19th zana remakore anofunga, nyanzvi yemauto Karl von Clausewitz anotsanangura hondo se "chiito chechisimba kumanikidza muvengi kuita kuda kweduโ.
Batanidza Clausewitz naActon, vaise mu21st zana uye iwe unogona kutsanangura simba sekugona kumanikidza kuda kwechero system iyo munhu ane simba anoshanda. Nhasi vane simba munzvimbo dzese dzeveruzhinji nedzakavanzika, kunyanya munyika dzeMadokero dzichiri kutonga, vanoshandira zvido zvehurongwa hwepamusoro hwe capitalist umo. makambani makuru makuru ezvematongerwo enyika makuru vatambi. Kazhinji aya makambani makuru epetroleum, gasi kana marasha pamwe nemabhangi avo akapfuma uye ane simba kupfuura akawanda eNyika. Chinangwa chavo, sezvakataurwa naClausewitz, ndechekumanikidza munhu wese "kuita kuda kwavo". Makambani haadi kana kushandisa nzira dzehondo dzakavhurika kana nzira dzehutsinye. Ivo vanoshandirwa nevanhu vanobhadharwa zvakanyanya uye vanopihwa mubairo mukuru wekushandira zvinangwa zvavo. Chero ani anoramba kupira hunhu hwake kuti asangane nechinangwa chekuwedzera purofiti uye pesvedzero haazorambi achishandirwa kwenguva refu.
Vatungamiri ava vanogutsikana nekurarama munyika yenguva pfupi uye nhasi isu tese tinomanikidzwa kugara mairi, kunyangwe tichiziva kuti maonero enguva refu akakosha pakubata pfungwa dzakadai se "kumhanya kwemamiriro ekunze" kana ".geocide". Hutungamiri hwemakambani makuru emafuta emafuta nemabhangi anosarudzwa nekuti yakagadzirira kurega chero zvipi zvingave zvakakosha kuti iwane chinangwa chepurofiti yakakwirira. Hapana mutungamiri wesangano ane simba rekushandura izvi. Vese vanoziva kuti zvinzvimbo zvavo zvinoenderana nekutevera mitemo; vanoshandira masangano avo ayo hurumende dzedu dzenyika dzinogara dzichidzivirira, dzinochengeta uye dzinowanzoteerera. Kushora, kubvisa uye kutsiva vanhu handizvo. Kwavari, remangwana revanhu uye neramangwana repasi zvinosiririsa kuti hazvisi izvowo.
Isu tinofanirwa kurwira kuchengetedza mafuta emafuta muvhu uye simba chete rinogona kumisa makambani isimba remutemo. Mutemo unongochinja pasi pesimba remaonero eruzhinji akasimba, akanyatsorongeka. Tinoda kuzvipira kwevanhu vakaita sewe, vari vatungamiriri uye vanogona kupesvedzera zvikamu zvakakura zvemaonero eruzhinji kugadzira kumanikidza. Tinoda chaizvo kumanikidzwa kuhurumende kuti dzivasungire kuita zvine simba uye vamire nesimba rekambani.
Pamwe unofunga kuti ndiri kupomera mhosva. Kupedzisa hurukuro iyi, regai nditaure muchidimbu nezvemazano mashoma emakambani ane chinangwa chekuwana rusununguko rwakanyanya uye purofiti. Mhedzisiro yemienzaniso iyi kukurumidza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Nekuti isu tasarirwa nenguva shoma, ndiri kusiya pachena nezvesimba remakambani makuru uye akapfuma pasi rose. Iniwo ndichasiya kunze kwemigwagwa nendege zvikamu zvekutakura, pamwe nemakambani, ari kunyanya kuMaodzanyemba, anobatanidzwa mukukura kukuru kwemasango. Makambani anobatanidzwa anogona kunge ari eruzhinji kana akavanzika. Heino sarudzo yangu pfupi yezvishoma zvinozivikanwa zvemakambani pesvedzero pakuwedzera kwemamiriro ekunze.
โ Lobbies
โ Rubatsiro
-Bilateral uye multilateral kutengeserana zvibvumirano
1. LOBBies : Kushandiswa kwemakambani elobi kwakura zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore anoverengeka apfuura. Lobbies ikozvino yakakura, mabhiriyoni emadhora sevhisi indasitiri. Mumwe anogona kusiyanisa marudzi matatu: Yekutanga iri nyore uye yakatwasanuka: makambani ega ega anohaya kushambadzira mukati, kutaurirana nevashandi vehukama kuti varatidze huso hwayo hwepamusoro uye maonero ayo kwete kungovandudza kutengesa asiwo kupesvedzera maonero eruzhinji, vatungamiriri vemaonero, vezvenhau nehurumende. Muenzaniso: kambani huru yemafuta yakadai seBP inosarudza kuzvigadzira zvakare se "kambani ine simba" kunyange zvazvo 98 muzana yemabasa ayo anoramba ari mumafuta emafuta uye magetsi anogona kuvandudzwa ane chikamu chiduku chete.
Chechipiri, makambani anokurudzira kuramba shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, Exxon-Mobil yakadzidza makore angangosvika makumi mana apfuura kubva kumasaenzi ayo kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichokwadi chine njodzi yakashandisa mamirioni kutsigira mari inonzi "matangi ekufunga" uye masayendisiti ane huori ane basa rekupa nharo uye propaganda, izvo zvinonzi zvichiratidza. kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze haipo kana kuti hapana chekunetsekana nacho. Kuwanda kwevanoramba mamiriro ekunze kwavanogona kugadzira, ndiko kurebesa kwavanogona kukanganisa mutemo kudzora maitiro avo. Lobbyists vanoziva kuti kazhinji zvakakwana kugadzira kusava nechokwadi uye vakabudirira zvinoshamisa United States. Muno, maererano nenzvero dzichangobva kuitika, munhu mumwe pavanhu vana anopokana kana kuti anoshora chokwadi chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Hapana mumiriri weRepublican muhofisi yezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira VaDonald Trump, vangangotaura pachena kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iripo - tiri kutaura nezvenyika iyo sezvamunoziva kuti ndiyo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose. per capita emitter yegreenhouse gasi. .
Chekupedzisira, makambani aya zvakare anogara ari emasangano anotsigira maindasitiri ane basa rekudzivirira zvido zvechikamu chose-semuenzaniso kurwisa chero sarudzo yeUnited States Environmental Protection Agency kana mitemo yeEuropean. Nyika idzo indasitiri yepetroleum chikamu chakakosha chehurumende pachayo, sekuChina kana Saudi Arabia, dzinopa matambudziko chaiwo ayo vagari vanowanzo tadza kubata nawo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nzira chete inogoneka ndeyekudzikisa kudiwa kwemafuta efossil zvachose.
2. RUBATSIRO: Mashoko anotevera anotorwa kubva mu2013 International Monetary Fund Report-chiratidzo chekufambira mberi sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakanga isati yagadziriswa neIMF. Rubatsiro kumafuta ezvicherwa chinhu chiri kuitika pasi rose. Vamwe vanobvumira vatengi kubhadhara zvishoma pane mutengo wekupa; mamwe anobvumira makambani kuburitsa mitengo yekukuvadza nharaunda yavanokonzeresa. Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzinodaidza kukuvadza uku "kunze", sekusvibiswa, kusvibiswa kwemvura kana kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzekuchera uye mari idzi dzinofanira kubhadharwa nehurumende-kana kusabhadharwa zvachose, izvo zvinokonzeresa kudhura kwehutano hweveruzhinji, nezvimwewo Maererano. kuIMF, mutengo wakakwana werubatsiro kumafuta efossil unosvika ku $1.900.000.000.000, (madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe). Kana izvi zvese zvisina kurongeka zvehurumende zvakabviswa uye makambani akaitwa kuti abhadhare ega ekunze, Fund inoverenga kuti a kuderera kwezvikamu gumi nezvitatu kubva muzana zvepasi rose CO13 emissions zvaizotevera.
Hakusi chete kuti rubatsiro runoita kuti mafuta ezvicherwa zvichipe zvisingaite uye zvinoita kuti zviome kuti simba remagetsi rinogona kukwikwidzwa rikwikwidze; vanoderedzawo mari inoshandiswa nehurumende nokuda kwezvinangwa zvinokosha zvikuru. MuAfrica yose yeSub-Saharan, hurumende dziri kushandisa avhareji yezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvemabhajeti adzo parubatsiroโchitsama chakafanana nechadzinoshandisa pautano hweveruzhinji. Ruzhinji rwerubatsiro irworwo runobatsira vanhu vagara vari naniโvarombo vomuAfrica havana motokari uye vasingatomboshandisi magetsi. Zvakadaro iwe ukavatarisa, fossil mafuta emagetsi erubatsiro haakodzeri, anodhura uye anokuvadza.
Saka ndakafara kudzidza kubva kushamwari dzedu dzeMoroccan pano kuti Morocco yakatobudirira kubvisa mafuta ese efossil kuitira kuti iite mari yakawanda mukuvandudza. Uyezve, vakazviita mumwedzi 18 chete, zvichiratidza kuti unogona kuita shanduko huru nekukurumidza. Saka bravo kuMorocco iyo inofanirwa kuve muenzaniso kune nyika dzese. [Kuombera].
3. BILATERAL UYE MULTILATERAL TRADE TREAties: Zvibvumirano izvi zvinogara zvichisanganisira chirevo chinodaidzwa kuti "Investor to State Dispute Settlement" kana ISDS inobvumira vekunze, uye chete vekunze, vemakambani emakambani kuendesa hurumende dzakazvimirira pamberi pematare ega ega ega ega anoumbwa nemagweta matatu akazvimirira ega kune chero mutemo mutsva unotongwa nekambani. inogona kukuvadza purofiti yayo yazvino kana kunyange yenguva yemberi. Semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwerubatsiro kwaizoonekwa sekutyisidzira uye makambani ekunze anoagamuchira angamhan'arira hurumende. Mhosva shoma dzazvino dzinosanganisira Occidental Petroleum kumhan'ara (uye kuhwina) kurwisa Ecuador yekuramba kubvumidza kuchera munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Dare redzimhosva rakapa Occidental muripo we$1.7 bhiriyoni. Kambani yeLone Pine iri kumhanโarira Dunhu reQuebec madhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora nekuti yakaramba mvumo yekutsemuka murwizi rweSaint Lawrence. Mutungamiri Obama pavakangopikisa pombi yeKeystone yaida kutakura mafuta akasviba ejecha kubva kuAlberta, Canada kuenda kuGulf of Mexico, Canadian Company Transcanada yakaunza nyaya kuUS ichida madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu. Kazhinji zvakakwana kutyisidzira ISDS danho repamutemo kuita kuti nyika ifunge kaviri isati yadzika mutemo wekuchengetedza vanhu vayo kana nharaunda. Hurumende inogona "kuhwina" kurwisa mubatanidzwa - sezvayakaita muzvikamu makumi matatu neshanu kubva muzana zvenyaya kusvika parizvino - asi haingambonyatso kuhwina nekuti yakasaina chibvumirano, haigone kuramba mhosva uye mutengo wekupokana wega unosvika kumamiriyoni emadhora. madhora. Makambani emafuta emafuta emafuta nepetroleum anogonawo kumhanโara hurumende imwe chete kuitira kuti atyisidzire vamwe kuita shanduko dzakafanana.
Kupedzisa nemazwi mashoma, regai nditaure kuti tariro yangu yakasimba ndeyekuti munhu wese pano achasiya semina yedu kunzwisisa kuti kutorwa kwemakambani kuri kuitika uye kuti kuchaita mupiro unouraya geocide. Ini ndinovimba zvakare kuti pamusoro pezvese zvauri kuita zvehunyanzvi kana zvekuzvipira iwe uchagamuchira rimwe basa rekuzivisa uye kurwisa. geocide. Zvisinei nekuedza kwevanhu vakanaka kwese kwese kudzikisa tsoka dzavo dzekabhoni, hazvizokwani kunze kwekunge takwanisa kumanikidza zvimiro zviripo zvinokurudzira mafuta efosi kuti achinje kana kunyangarika. Ndinowanzobvunzwa kana ndiine tariro kana kuti ndisina tariro. neniwo handisi. Handizivi ramangwana. Asi ndine tariro. Ndinotenda kuti tichine mukana; kuti vanhu vanogona kukunda kunyangwe kutyisidzira kunotyisa se geocide. Vakawanda vanogona kukurudzirwa kuita chiito nevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu nevatungamiriri vezvitendero. Ngativei nechokwadi pamwe chete kuti rwendo rwedu rwedu rwese runotisvitsa kumhedzisiro iyoyo.
Ndatenda.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta