Kurwisa kusingadzoreki kweIsrael paGaza Strip kwava kutanga kupa Middle East mukurwisana kwedunhu. Musvondo rapfuura, maHouthi muYemen akabuda semutambi wesimba asingafungidzirwe, achibudirira kukanganisa kutakura kwepasirese muzita revaPalestine muGaza uye kufambisa US kuti itange nhevedzano yekurwisa kwendege mukukundikana kwekudzivisa.
Mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura, maHouthis akarwisa ngarava dzevatengesi dzaipfuura nepakati peGungwa Dzvuku, kupindira kwemauto kusingatarisirwe kwakanangana nekumanikidza Israeri kuti ipere. U.S.-inotsigirwa inogumbura muGaza uye bvumira rubatsiro munzvimbo yakakombwa.
The Houthis 'kudzvanya munzira yakakosha yekutengesa iri kutokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika: Makambani ekutakura ekutakura akatsausa zvikepe. kunzira dzinodhura, nemitengo yeinishuwarenzi yenjodzi uye mitengo yekutumira pasi rose ichikwira. Mhedzisiro yekuyedza kuvhara inogona kuoneka munguva pfupi mumitengo yemafuta uye zvinhu zvevatengi pasi rese.
U.S. Navy, yaionekwa semuchengetedzi wenzira dzengarava dzemugungwa kumativi mazhinji enyika, yakazomanikidzwa kuita chiito. Kubva svondo rapfuura, iyo US yakatanga kurova kwendege shanu panzvimbo dzeHouthi. Houthis yakapetwa kaviri pasi. Vakaridza pfuti pazvikepe zvaipfuura nemamwe makombi akati wandei nema drones. Zvinangwa zvaisanganisira ngarava dzekutengesa dzeUS uye chikepe chehondo cheUS Navy - zviratidzo zvekuti vapanduki vakangosimbiswa nevolley yeUS.
Munguva yemusangano weWhite House nevatori venhau nemusi weChina, Mutungamiri Joe Biden vakabvuma kuti mauto emuchadenga akanga asiri kumisa maHouthis asi vakati US vacharamba vakanangana neboka zvakadaro.
Nechisarudzo chayo chekurwisa, hutongi hweBiden hunoratidzika kunge hwakazvivhurira kune geopolitical checkmate neHouthis. Kuwedzera kurova kwevapanduki kungangounza kukanganisa kwakawanda kwekufambisa - kungangopesana nekudzikamisa mhedzisiro yehupfumi - uye nengozi yehondo yedunhu yakazara. Kutaurirana kana kuzviisa pasi pezvinodikanwa zveboka risiri remauto kubva kune imwe yenyika dzine hurombo pasi rose kwaizoonekwa nevakawanda sekuzvipira kweUS uye zvaizowedzera mukurumbira mutsva weHouthis.
Hondo-yakaomeswa muhondo ine hutsinye yevagari nehurumende yeSaudi-inotsigirwa yeYemeni-muhutapwa, maHouthis anoratidzika kunge asina kugadzirira kudududza, kunyange kukoka mhirizhonga yakakura.
"VaHouthi vanoda chaizvo kupokana uku," akadaro Iona Craig, mutori wenhau uye nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika akatarisana neYemen. "Icho chikamu chemafungiro avo, ayo anopokana neAmerica akaumbwa panguva yekurwiswa kweUS muIraq. Ivo zvino vanozviona sevadziviriri vePalestine nevanhu veGaza. "
NevaHouthi vasina kuodzwa mwoyo, Dhipatimendi reUnited States rakatora imwe nzira neChitatu, richidaidza mauto seboka rakasarudzika reGlobal Terrorist, kudzoreredza danho raro muna 2021. bvisa vaHouthi kubva kune yakanyanya kuomesesa Foreign Terrorist Organisation list. Iri zita idzva rinoita kuti maHouthi ave pasi pezvirango zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika asi anodzivirira mitemo yakaoma yerondedzero yeFTO. Mapoka ekubatsira vanhu akati matanho akaomarara achaita kutadzisa rubatsiro kunzvimbo dzeYemen kuti maHouthis akatanga kutonga munguva yehondo yevagari vemo.
Maawa maviri mushure mekugadzwa patsva seboka remagandanga muUS, maHouthis akanangana nechikepe cheUS chinotakura vanhu, uye US yakapindura neimwe kutenderera kwekuramwa.
"Hutongi hweBiden hunoratidzika kunge huri kutarisira kuti hunyanzvi hweHouthi huchavamanikidza kuti vamire, asi izvo hazviratidzike kunge zviri kushanda," Daniel DePetris, anoshanda kuDefence Priorities, tangi rekufunga nezvedzimwe nyika riri muWashington, akaudza The Intercept. . “Wese munhu anotyisa, uye maHouthi haasi mapengo. Asi dambudziko pakubata nevatambi vasiri vehurumende nderekuti zvinoda simba rakawanda kuvaita kuti vachinje maitiro avo. "
Akawedzera kuti, "VaSaudis vakafungawo kuti vaigona kurova Houthis muchiuto pasina kugadzirisa chero chezvematongerwo enyika zvavaida."
Ragtag Vapanduki kune Zvishuvo zveDunhu
Kamwe kaitove mauto madiki, maHouthis akadzidza kurwisa mauto ane simba zvakanyanya mumakore ehondo yevagari vemo uye kupindira kune dzimwe nyika - vachiwana ruzivo rwavanoita sevari kuita vachipesana neU.S.
MaHouthis, anozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seAnsarallah, akabuda makumi emakore apfuura sesangano rinopikisa huwori hunofungidzirwa hwehurumende yeYemeni. Kwemakore akati wandei apfuura, boka iri ranga richirwa nemubatanidzwa unotungamirwa neSaudi muYemen uye vari pari zvino munhaurirano dzerunyararo dzekupedza kunetsana. IU.S. yakaita basa rakakosha muhondo yevagari vemo, kupa zvombo zvakanyanya - uye kwechinguva ichipa rubatsiro rwakananga ku - mushandirapamwe wemhepo neSaudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates wakauraya vanhu vakawanda. Kurwiswa uku kwakatadza kukunda maHouthis.
Hondo yevagari vemo yakava nzvimbo yekudzidzira uko maHouthis akadzidza kukurira zvombo zvepamusoro-soro zvakagadzirwa neUS - kunyanya simba remhepo - mukushanda kwazvino muGungwa Dzvuku. Vapanduki vanoshandisa zvikepe zvisingadhuri zvekurwisa ngarava uye zvikepe zvidiki kurwisa zvikepe zvekutakura, vachishandisa mukana wemagetsi emwenje uye anofambisa anomhanyisa mutengo uye anonetesa kushanda kwekurwisa kwevavengi kubva kumhepo.
"VaHouthi vane simba guru, asi vanovimba nekugovera simba ravo zvakanyanya munzvimbo yavanotonga. Vanovimba zvakanyanya nekuve nhare pane zvinorema, "akadaro Baraa Shiban, muongorori wezvematongerwo enyika paYemen uye anoshamwaridzana naye kuRoyal United Services Institute. "Vakapona pamushandirapamwe wemhepo wakareba nemauto maviri akasimba mudunhu, Saudi Arabia neUAE, uye vakagadzirisa mafambiro nekushandisa mauto avo zvinoenderana."
MaHouthis anowanzo dzingwa seanongoita ma proxies eIran, chikamu chemubatanidzwa wemapoka anonzi "Axis of Resistance,” iyo inosanganisira Hezbollah muLebanon uye varwi vePalestine veHamas. Vanoongorora, zvisinei, vanoti kunyange Iran ichipa maHouthis mari, zvombo, uye kudzidziswa kwechiuto, maHouthi anoshanda aine rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika.
"Zviri kuvabira sangano ravo kana tichiti maHouthis angori maturu eIran," Hisham Al-Omeisy, chipangamazano mukuru kuYemen neEuropean Institute of Peace, akaudza The Intercept. "Vane mafungiro avo, hurongwa, uye pfungwa."
Mukuratidzira kwayo kunoshamisa kwekuzvimirira, maHouthis anonzi akaramba Kuedza kweIran kuvamisa kutora guta guru reYemeni reSanaa muna 2015, sekureva kwehungwaru hweUS.
MaHouthis agara achiita kunetsana neU.S. neIsrael ipuranga guru repfungwa yavo, inoratidzwa semusanganiswa wechiIslamism, anti-imperialism, uye pachena antisemitism. Pamwe chete nemamwe mapoka anotsigirwa neIran, maHouthi anoramba zvakawanda zvehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hunotsigirwa neUS mudunhu uye vakatyisidzira zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwehurumende dzakabatanidzwa neUS seSaudi Arabia neUAE.
"Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinorasikirwa nevanhu nezveHouthis ndechekuti chinangwa chavo chekupedzisira hachisi Yemen chete. Iri iboka rekuwedzera rine zvishuwo zvedunhu, "akadaro Al-Omeisy. "Kunetsana uku mukana wakakwana kwavari kuti vataure kuti ndivo vekutanga munyika yeArab, asi vamwe vatungamiri vari mukutambudzika kwePalestine."
Kukunda Mwoyo Nepfungwa
Pakati pekusagadzikana muGungwa Dzvuku kune dambudziko muGaza, iro rakaparadzwa nekurwiswa kweIsrael kubva pakurwiswa kwe7 Gumiguru neHamas. Kunyangwe mauto eIsrael ari kuita hondo yakauraya vanopfuura 24,000 Palestinians, US ndiye mutsigiri uye. inogonesa. Iyo Biden manejimendi inoramba ichipa isingabatike zvemari nerutsigiro rwekumiriri kuIsrael, zvisinei nekupomerwa kuri kuramba kuchikwira pamusoro peU.S kusangana mukupondwa kwevanhu.
MaHouthis akabva apinda mumhirizhonga. Mumazuva mushure mekunge Israeri yatanga kurwisa kwayo, maHouthi akatumira zvombo zvinokandwa kuIsrael ndokutanga kurwisa nzira dzengarava dzeGungwa Dzvuku.
MaHouthi anga agara ari simba rezvematongerwo enyika muYemeni, asi vakabata pfungwa dzekupokana neAmerica munyika dzeArab uye kuita senge kusava nehanya kwepro-U.S. hurumende kune vanotambura muGaza kukwidziridza chimiro chavo chezvematongerwo enyika. Kwete chete maHouthis anozvisiyanisa semakwikwi echikonzero chePalestine, asi zvakare vari kugadzirisa mukurumbira wavo kumba, kwavakanetseka kumisa hurumende inoshanda mukati mehondo yevagari. Vatauriri veHouthi vave zvigadziriso pazviteshi zveterevhizheni zvemutauro wechiArabic, kwavanonakidzwa nebasa ravo rekupokana neWest pamusoro pedambudziko remaPalestine.
Hasha dzakananga kuUS dzinoita sedzichakura mudunhu, sezvo hutongi hweBiden huchiita kunge huri kuisa hupfumi hwenyika pamusoro pehupenyu hwePalestine mukurova kwavo maHouthis.
"US inofanirwa kuona kuti zviito izvi muGaza zviri kutsamwisa vanhu mudunhu rese," akadaro Al-Omeisy. "Maonero emunharaunda ndeokuti apo ropa rePalestine rakanga richideurwa mwedzi mitatu yapfuura, hapana ainetseka, asi apo zvido zvehupfumi zveMadokero zvakatyisidzirwa, vakabva vaita chiito. Iri meseji inokodzera muHouthi rhetoric uye iri kurira zvakanyanya mudunhu. "
Chikumbiro chavo chiri kushanda. Pane kunetesa maHouthis, mauto emuchadenga eUS anoita kunge ari kuwedzera chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika cheHouthis muMiddle East yese, uko vanoongorora vanoti maonero eruzhinji eUS asvika pakudzikira kusati kwaonekwa kubva pakapinda 2003 US kuIraq. Sarudzo dzakatorwa pakati pemaArabu munharaunda dzinoratidza kushatirwa kwakapararira nokuodzwa mwoyo yakananga kuUS kubva pakatanga hondo yeGaza, paine maonero akanaka kwazvo enyika dzinokwikwidza seChina neRussia.
"Biden manejimendi nevagadziri vemitemo vekuUS havasati vanzwisisa kuti anti-Americanism yakakwira sei mudunhu, uko iri pamwero watisati tamboona kubva pahondo muIraq," Shiban, weRoyal United Services Institute, akadaro. "Kunyangwe vakati uku kuvhiya kweIsrael uye isu hatinei nazvo, veruzhinji vechiArab havazvitengi."
Nemauto eUS akamira mukuchinjana kurwiswa neHouthis, nyanzvi dzinoti hutongi hweBiden hauna sarudzo dzakanaka.
"Handifunge kuti US iri kuyedza kuita shanduko yehutongi muYemen," akadaro DePetris, Defence Priorities shamwari, "asi kana izvi zvikaramba zvichikwira nechando, izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvave chimwe chinhu icho manejimendi angayedze kufunga. ”
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