Hurumende yeIndia yakaraira vamiriri vayo kuNorth America kuti vatange "hurongwa hwekuparadza" kurwisa masangano eSikh diaspora ari munyika dzekuMadokero, maererano nememorandamu yakavanzika yakapihwa muna Kubvumbi 2023 neIndia Ministry of External Affairs. Iyo memo, iyo yakawanikwa neThe Intercept, inonyora vakati wandei veSikh vanopokana vachiferefetwa neveIndia vehungwaru masangano, kusanganisira mugari weCanada Hardeep Singh Nijjar.
"Matanho ekongiri achatorwa kuita kuti vasungwa vazvidavirire," memo inodaro. Nijjar akapondwa muVancouver muna Chikumi, mwedzi miviri mushure mekudomwa sechinangwa mugwaro, kuuraya hurumende yeCanada yakati kwakarairwa nehungwaru hweIndia.
Iyo memo inogadzirisa kushushikana kuri kukura kweIndia pamusoro pemukurumbira wayo nekuda kwekuratidzira kubva kumasangano anopikisa eSikh uye inoratidza vavengi vayo vezvematongerwo enyika sevanonyanyisa kana masangano emagandanga. Yakanzi "Nzvimbo dzekuita paKhalistan Extremism," vachishandisa zita rekuti Sikh varatidziri vanoshandisa kune nyika yakaparadzana, gwaro rinonyora akati wandei evaSikh masangano aanopomera kuita "anti-India propaganda," pamwe nezviito zve "kupisa nekuparadza" kunanga. Zvido zveIndia kuNorth America.
Gwaro iri rinorayira vakuru vehurumende kuti vashande pamwe neveIndia masangano ehungwaru kutarisana nemapoka eSikhs for Justice, Babbar Khalsa International, Sikh Youth of America, Sikh Coordination Committee East Coast, World Sikh Parliament, uye Shiromani Akali Dal Amritsar America. Zvinoratidza kuti Nijjar nevamwe vakati wandei "vanofungidzirwa" vanobatana nerimwe remapoka aya, Babbar Khalsa International. Babbar Khalsa International inorambidzwa sesangano remagandanga muUS neCanada, asi mamwe masangano akanyorwa mugwaro iri anoonekwa semutemo munyika mbiri idzi.
Mutungamiriri werimwe remamwe mapoka akanyorwa, maSikhs for Justice, ndiye aivavarirwa neIndia yekuponda, sekureva kwevachuchisi vemubatanidzwa muUS. isina kuvharwa svondo rapfuura, akapomera Nikhil Gupta, chizvarwa cheIndia, kushanda nevakuru veIndia kuuraya maSikh for Justice general Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, mugari wekuAmerica anogara muNew York.
Iyo yakaburitswa Kubvumbi memo kubva kuIndia Ministry of External Affairs haina kuraira zvakajeka kuurayiwa kwevaratidziri vechiSikh. Panzvimbo pezvo, inodaidzira vakuru vakuru veIndia vanoshanda muUS neCanada kuti vashande pamwe chete neIndia's Research and Analysis Wing, sangano rehungwaru rekune dzimwe nyika; National Investigation Agency, mapurisa anopikisa; uye Intelligence Bureau, yemukati yekuchengetedza agency yakafanana neFBI. Kunze kwaNijjar, vanhu vakati wandei vari kupomerwa mugwaro rehukama neBKI vanofungidzirwa kuti vanogara muPakistan kana kuti vari muhusungwa muIndia.
Hurumende yeIndia haina kupindura kuchikumbiro chekutaura nyaya iyi isati yaburitswa. Mushure mekuburitswa, hurumende yeIndia yakaburitsa chirevo ichiti "hapana memo yakadaro." "Tinosimbisa zvakasimba kuti mishumo yakadai ndeyemanyepo uye ndeyekunyepa," mutauriri weIndia, Shri Arindam Bagchi akanyora. "Ichi chikamu chemushandirapamwe wakasimba wekupokana neIndia," mutauriri akaenderera mberi, achibvunzawo The Intercept's. yapfuura report: "Nhepfenyuro iri kutaurwa inozivikanwa nekuparadzira nganonyorwa dzemanyepo dzinotengeswa nehungwaru hwePakistan. Zvinyorwa zvevanyori zvinosimbisa kubatana uku. Avo vanokudza nhau dzemanyepo dzakadaro vanongozviita nemutengo wekuvimbika kwavo. ”
Ipo US neCanada vakapomera India mhosva yekuronga kuuraya maSikh kumadokero, gwaro rakavanzika rakatorwa neThe Intercept humbowo hwekutanga hweveruzhinji hunoratidza kuti hurumende yeIndia yakanangana nemasangano echiSikh diaspora nevapikisi.
Vaya vanobatanidzwa muSikh diaspora advocacy vakati hurumende yeIndia inowanzo ratidza chero chiitiko chezvematongerwo enyika nemasangano evaSikh separatist seanopikisa kana anonyanyisa.
"Hurumende yeIndia nevezvenhau vanogara vaine chinangwa chekugadzira rondedzero inotsanangura chero rudzi rwekumiririra zvematongerwo enyika kweKhalistan kana Sikh hutongi se "Sikh extremism" senzira yekupembedza mhinduro inodzvanyirira kuchengetedzwa," akadaro Prabjot Singh, muratidziri uye mupepeti. yePanth-Punjab Project, chikuva chedhijitari chinotarisana nezvematongerwo enyika echiSikh uye nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika. "Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi izano rinoshandiswa neIndia muPunjab kururamisa kuparara kwekuronga kwezvematongerwo enyika echiSikh, nekushandisa zvisirizvo zviwanikwa zvehumiriri kunze kwenyika kuyedza kunyoresa dzimwe nyika mubatanidzwa mukuedza uku."
Reputational Harm
Kupokana kweIndia kune vamiriri veSikh kunouya nekuda kwemushandirapamwe unoramba uchikurudzira kuumbwa kwenyika yakazvimirira yeSikh mudunhu reIndia rePunjab. Munguva yemakore ekuma1980 nema1990, kunetsana pamusoro pekuparadzana muPunjab kwakatora hupenyu hwezviuru zvevaSikh nevamwe vapanduki vasati vapwanywa nemauto eIndia. Kupokana uku kwaisanganisira kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakapararira nemauto eIndia ekuchengetedza, pamwe nezviito zvehugandanga nevarwi vakaparadzana, kusanganisira, zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa, kubhomba kunouraya kwendege yeAir India muna 1985.
Nepo kupatsanurwa kweSikh kwanyanya kudzvinyirirwa mukati meIndia, chikonzero chakaramba chichienderera mberi mudiaspora sebato rezvematongerwo enyika rinoronga kuratidzira uye kurwisa hurumende yeIndia nechinangwa chekuita mareferendamu muPunjab. Hurumende yeIndia yakanyunyuta pamusoro pezviitwa zvediaspora Sikh activists kuhurumende dzeCanada neUS, kazhinji vachipomera mapoka aya ehugandanga.
Bazi rakavanzika reMinistry of External Affairs memorandamu rinotarisa zvikonzero zvaro zvekupokana nemapoka evaSikh anopokana nekukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira kubva mumabasa avo, pamwe nekunetsekana pamusoro pesimba remasangano echiSikh mune zvematongerwo enyika dzekuMadokero. Pasi pechikamu chakanyorwa kuti “Khalistan Extremism,” gwaro racho rinopomera masangano echiSikh ari kunze kwenyika nokuda kwe“kusvibisa hurumende yeIndia yezvinonzi kutambudza, kuponda nekutsakatika zviuru zvevaSikh” uye “kuedza kusvibisa chimiro cheIndia chepasi rose.
Varatidziri veSikh vakaita kuratidzira kukuru kumamiriri eIndia munyika dzekuMadokero mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe acho akashoropodza vatungamiriri vehurumende yeIndia uye kuparadza zvivakwa zvevamiriri. India yakashoropodza kutadza kunofungidzirwa kwehurumende dzekuMadokero kudzivirira vashandi vayo kubva mukutyisidzirwa uye kushungurudzwa panguva yekuratidzira. Gwaro iri rinoratidza kushushikana nekukanganisa kwekuratidzira uku, uku richiratidza kuti bato remuKhalistan riri kubatsirwa nevakuru vehurumende munyika dzekuMadokero.
"Masangano e-pro-Khalistan ave pachena kuti akanyanyisa," gwaro rinodaro. "Zano ravo rakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakuvaka rondedzero kuenda kukuratidzira mumigwagwa, uye zvakabuda kubva kumisheni yedu zvinoratidza kuti vakuru venyika dzakafanira vakapa ruwoko muchirongwa chepro-Khalistan icho chaunza dambudziko guru kune zvido zvedu zvepasi rose."
Zvisungo pakati peIndia nenyika dzekuMadokero zvine kudziirwa mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekugovana kufarira kuve neChina. Zvakadaro kufungirana uye kusawirirana muhukama kunoramba kuchiripo, sezvinoratidzwa nememo. Gwaro iri rinoratidza kutenda kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vekuMadokero vanogona kunge vachiramba kudzvanyirira vatsigiri veSikh kuti vamanikidzire India pane zvimwe zvidzidzo, kusanganisira kusarerekera kwayakaita pakurwiswa kweRussia neUkraine.
"Zvakaoma, takasimudza kunetseka kwedu pamusoro pezvinhu izvi kuUS neCanada nguva dzose. Asi vanoramba vachishandisa kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko rwekutaura sezvikonzero, vachiti masangano aya haana mhosva yaakapara munzvimbo dzawo,” memo inodaro. "Kunyangwe hukama pakati peIndia neWest West huchiramba huchiwedzera, nyaya yeKhalistan yave simba risinganzwisisike. Ichiri kuratidza India semubatsiri ane China neRussia, nyika dzekuMadokero dzinoramba dzichishandisa Khalistan sechombo chezvematongerwo enyika kudzvanya India mukati mekupokana kweRussia neUkraine. "
Iyo yakasarudzika memo inosainwa naVinay Kwatra, munyori wezvekunze weIndia, uye yakanyorwa kuti igoverwe kune akati wandei maconsulates eIndia muNorth America. Siginicha yaKwatra yakaongororwa nenyanzvi yekunyora nemaoko uye yakawanikwa aine chivimbo chakanyanya kuenzanisa marekodhi esiginicha yake mune mamwe, magwaro anowanikwa pachena akaongororwa neThe Intercept.
Vakuru veUS neCanada vakaburitsa zvinyorwa zvichiratidza kuti hungwaru hwakagovaniswa, kusanganisira kubatwa kutaurirana kwevakuru vehurumende yeIndia, zvakavabvumira kuona kuti India yaive nechekuita mukupondwa kwaNijjar. Mapepa edare asina kuvharwa muchirongwa chekuponda-chekuhaya chakanangana naPannun anoratidzawo kwakakosha hurumende yeUS kubvuta kutaurirana kwemagetsi pakati pevakuru veIndia nevanhu vanovamiririra muUS.
Global Assassination Program
Hurumende yeIndia yakanangana nevanopikisa veSikh diaspora yakaita misoro yenhau dzepasi rose nekuurayiwa kwakashata kwaNijjar, uyo akapfurwa akafa muchimvuramabwe chemabara kunze kwetemberi yeSikh padyo neVancouver muna Chikumi. Mutungamiriri weCanada Justin Trudeau akapomera pachena hurumende yeIndia nekuita mhondi yechitsotsi, zvichikonzera dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika.
Mumwedzi yabva kupomerwa kwaTrudeau, zvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinoita senge chirongwa chekuuraya chakanangana neIndia chave pachena, kusanganisira kupomerwa kweDhipatimendi reJustice reUS vachipomera vamiriri vehungwaru vekuIndia vakaedzawo kuuraya Pannun, mugari wekuAmerica wekuNew York. uye zano reSikhs for Justice. Hurongwa hwekuuraya hwakanangana naPannun hwakakanganiswa, muchuchisi muSouthern District yeNew York akadaro, apo munhu anoshanda achirairwa nehurumende yeIndia. akahaya mushandi wepachivande weDrug Enforcement Administration kuita kuuraya.
Mhosva iri kupomerwa Gupta, uyo ane makore makumi mashanu nemaviri ekuberekwa, uyo ane nhoroondo yekupara mhosva dzakarongeka, inosanganisira mashoko ekuti vanhu vakawanda muUS vainangwa. Sekureva kwemagwaro enyaya iyi, Gupta, uyo anotsanangurwa mumagwaro edare achishanda pamwe chete nevanobata zvehungwaru muIndia, akaudza mushandi weDEA kuti India ine "zvakawanda kwazvo," kusanganisira vanhu muNew York neCalifornia, vachivimbisa " mamwe mabasa, mamwe mabasa” kune akarova Pannun aurayiwa.
VaSikh diaspora varatidziri vakapomera hurumende yeIndia kupinda mukufa kusinganzwisisike kwevamwe vanopikisa, kusanganisira, nguva pfupi yadarika, mugari wekuBritain ane makore makumi matatu nemashanu anonzi Avtar Singh Khanda, uyo. akafa gore rino mune izvo mhuri yake inotaura kuti inyaya yehupfu. Khanda had zvakataurwa akanetswa nekutyisidzirwa nehuchenjeri hweIndia kusvika parufu rwake muchipatara cheBritish mazuva mashoma Nijjar asati aurayiwa. The Intercept Zvinonzi iyi September kuti FBI akanga ashanyirawo Sikh-American vatsigiri pashure kuuraya Nijjar kuvanyevera njere anoratidza kuti vakanga pangozi kuurayiwa.
Mushandirapamwe wekuuraya vanhu vanopokana nediaspora Sikh vanopokana zvakare unoratidzika kunge uri kuitika munyika dziri kunze kweWest. Mumwe murwi wechiSikh muPakistan anonzi Lakhbir Singh Rode, pamwe nemumwe mupomeri asina kudomwa zita, vanonzi vainangwa, sekureva kwezvinyorwa zvehungwaru zvePakistan. yakambotaurwa by The Intercept. Mapepa ePakistan akati Rode nemumwe muratidziri vari kuongororwa uye vachinzi vari panjodzi yekupondwa neIndia Research and Analysis Wing. (Rode anonzi akafa mukutanga kwaZvita, aine nhoroondo dzenhau dzinoratidza kufa kwake nehurwere.) Vamwe vangangove vaviri vapikisi veSikh muPakistan vakaurayiwa mumakore achangopfuura. Zvinoenderana neongororo yehungwaru yePakistani, "vanorwisa nyika nematsotsi emunharaunda" vaishanda vachitungamirwa neRAW ndivo vaive kumashure kwehurongwa uhu uye vakaronga kuuraya kwakawanda kwevaviri veSikh neKashmiri vakaparadzaniswa nePakistan.
Nepo India iine hukama hwehutsinye nePakistan yakatora makumi emakore, chizaruro chekuti vakuru veIndia vanga vachiita hunyanzvi hwehungwaru munyika dzine hushamwari dzekuMadokero kwave kunyadzisa hurumende yeIndia. India yakapindura zvaipomerwa neCanada kuti yakauraya Nijjar nekumisa vhiza sevhisi yevaCanada uye ichipomera Canada kuita senzvimbo yakachengeteka yemagandanga. Muzviziviso zveruzhinji kuUS kubva pakafumurwa kupomerwa kwekuita kwayo mukunangana nePannun, India yave nerunyararo, ichivimbisa kuita sarudzo. kubvunza kwemukati kuwana chokwadi chiri seri kwenyaya yacho.
Kunetsana NekuMadokero
Gwaro reIndia Ministry of External Affairs rakawanikwa neThe Intercept rinoratidza kuvhunduka kukuru nezvesimba riri kukura remaSikh diaspora mafambiro kuMadokero. Vezvematongerwo enyika vakati wandei vane mukurumbira vechiSikh munyika dzekuMadokero vane hukama hwakaoma kana hukasha neIndia, kusanganisira Jagmeet Singh, mumiriri weCanada muparamende uye mutungamiri mukuru webato rinopikisa. kudziviswa kupinda kuIndia muna 2014 pamusoro pezvataurwa neveruzhinji nezve rekodhi yekodzero dzevanhu.
"Kune maSikh anosvika miriyoni imwe muNorth America chete," Indian memo inodaro. "Zviitiko zvinopokana neIndia uye nhema dzinoitwa nepro-Khalistan zvinhu zvine chekuita neIndia." Gwaro iri rinoenderera mberi richiti nhengo dzemasangano eDiaspora Sikh "dzakapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika muUS neCanada," uye vari kushanda "kunyengedza mutemo wenyika kuIndia."
Pamusoro pekudaidzira kutyora kwakanangwa kumasangano eSikh diaspora, memo inopa zano vakuru veIndia vanogara kuMadokero kuti vavake hukama hwepedyo nevenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mutemo uye "matangi ekufunga," vachitarisa varatidziri veSikh vane hukama nevakuru vehurumende. Memo inodaidzirawo kutorwa kwevaIndia vari diaspora mumushandirapamwe uyu. "Indian diaspora inoda kuunganidzwa," inoverenga kudaro, ichikurudzira kusvika kune akati wandei emapoka akaderera.
"Masangano aya anogona kukudziridzwa sesimba rakakosha mukurwisana nemumigwagwa nevaSikh vanonyanyisa," inodaro. "Kuedza kwakakosha kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kutanga kushandira pamwe nevaSikh vane mwero, kuitira kubatanidza nharaunda yevaSikh vasina kwavakarerekera."
Kudonha kwekuuraya kwaNijjar uye kuyedza kuuraya Pannun kuri kuramba kuchikanganisa hukama hweIndia nenyika dzekuMadokero. Maererano nemishumo yenhau dzeIndia, hurumende dzeUS, Canadian, neBritain anonzi akadzingwa Vakuru veRAW vanoshanda kumahofisi emuIndia vachipindura kupondwa kwaNijjar, neUS ichivharira India kutsiva mukuru wechiteshi muWashington. Mafambiro aya akasiya RAW isina tsoka yepamutemo muNorth America kekutanga kubva payakavambwa muna 1968.
"Kukanganisa kwekutaura kuri kuita maSikh nhasi ndeyechokwadi. Vamwe vanhu vangangotaura vachipokana na [Mutungamiriri weIndia, Narendra] Modi vanotya, vamwe vangaronga pamwe nekuratidzira pamusoro pehurongwa hwekuuraya huchangobva kuitwa vari kugara pamba vachityira kuti ivo pachavo vanogona kuongororwa, kushungurudzwa kana kusangana nemhirizhonga yevamwe. ane mutsa,” akadaro Arjun Sethi, gweta rekodzero dzevanhu uye purofesa wezvemitemo paGeorgetown University. "MaSikh mazhinji akabva kuIndia achitsvaga kupotera kuNorth America, uye hazvitenderwe kuti vamwe vevanhu vamwe chete ivavo vave kutya kuti hurumende yeIndia inogona kuvanangana paivhu reCanada kana reAmerica."
"MaSikh anotaurira Khalistan, inove bato rezvematongerwo enyika nhasi, vanotaura kushoropodza India, kana kutaura zvakanyanya, vanogona kubatwa mumhirizhonga."
Kwidziridzo: Zvita 10, 2023, 1:40 pm ET
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