El Hondo yevagari venguva refu yeSalvador pakati pemauto anodzvinyirira aitsigirwa nemari neU.S. neuto rehondo rekuruboshwe yakaguma muna 1992. Asi nepo zvibvumirano zvorugare zvakagumisa โhondo yepfuti,โ akadaro mutungamiriri webasa Wilfredo Berrรญos, โhondo yezvamatongerwe enyika, yenzanga, uye yezvemari. yakatanga zvakare,โ uye โpasi pemitemo yekodzero, mitemo yecapitalism, uye mitemo yeUnited States.โ Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kukunda kweFMLN (Farabundo Martรญ National Liberation Front) - vaimbove mabhunu - musarudzo mbiri dzemutungamiri wenyika dzapfuura zvinoshamisa. Kukunda kwaMauricio Funes muna 2009 naSalvador Sรกnchez Cerรฉn muna 2014 vakatyisidzira kukanganisa nhoroondo yehurumende yeSalvador yekutevedzera zvido zveU.S. Asi sezvinoreva zvakataurwa naBerrรญos, masimba anopikisa shanduko inofambira mberi anoramba aine simba guru rekugadzira "mitemo" yemutambo - kunyangwe pasi pekutonga kweFMLN.
VaObama manejimendi vakatsvaga kuona kutorwa kwemitemo inoshamwaridzana nemakambani muEl Salvador nekugadzirisa Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) rubatsiro rwekusimudzira pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kweneoliberal iyo inosanganisira kushambadzira, kurerutswa kwemitemo yebhizinesi, uye kuteedzerwa kwezvisungo zvekutengeserana izvo. ropafadzo makambani eU.S. Kubva 2011, iyo U.S. โKudyidzana Kwekukuraโ yakapa humbowo hwakakura hwekufambisira mberi mitemo iyi. Sekureva kweDhipatimendi reHurumende, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa cheku "kusimudzira bhizinesi-inoshamwaridzika nzvimbo yemasangano" uye "Catalyze private investment."
Iyo "Kudyidzana" inoratidza yakajairika nzira yeUS muLatin America. Kubva 1998 dunhu rakasarudza vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vakasara-vepakati-vatungamiri vanoramba zvakajeka kupindira kweUS uye neoliberal economics. Mukupindura, United States yakaedza kuisa mitemo yeneoliberal inogona kumanikidza hurumende dzemangwana zvisinei nebato rezvematongerwo enyika. Muchokwadi, Washington yakatsvaga kudzikisira njodzi yesarudzo nekumisikidza mutemo wehupfumi kubva kune democracy. Sezvinoratidzwa nechiitiko cheFMLN muEl Salvador, hurumende dzekuruboshwe idzi dzakamanikidzwa zvakanyanya nemasimba anopikisa shanduko inofambira mberi. Nekudaro, zvese sarudzo dzehurumende uye kurwira kwakakurumbira kunobatsirawo kugadzira marongero pasi.
"El Salvador pasina mubvunzo ishamwari yedu yepedyo muWestern Hemisphere," akanyora Mumiriri weU.S. Charles Glazer muna 2007. Panguva iyoyo, bato reARENA (Nationalist Republican Alliance) rakanga ratonga hurumende yeSalvador kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi maviri. ARENA yaive zvakabatana kumauto erudyi erufu akanga auraya makumi ezviuru zvevarimi, vadzidzi, vashandi, uye vanhu vechitendero muma1970 nema1980. Mushure mehondo, bato rakaramba richinakidzwa nerutsigiro rwakasimba rweUS nekuda kwekuda kwaro neoliberalism, kutsigira kwaro kurwiswa kweIraq 2003, uye maitiro echiuto kune zvese zviri zviviri mhosva nekupokana.
Kunyangwe sarudzo dzemuna Mauricio Funes dza2009 dzakatyisidzira shanduko, mutungamiri mutsva akaedza nesimba kuchengetedza hukama hwakanaka neWashington, uye White House yakadzoreredza. Chipangamazano wezvehupfumi paEmbassy yeU.S., John Barrett, akati โMafaro akauya nechido chikuru,โ chinova โchimwe chikonzero chakaita kutiโ World Bank neInter-American Development Bank (IDB) โvasimuke neakawanda. mari itsva.โ Hutongi hwaObama munguva pfupi yadarika hwakatsvaga kusimbisa hukama kuburikidza neKudyidzana Kwekukura, kwakatangwa zviri pamutemo muna Mbudzi 2011. Sechikamu cheKudyidzana, muna Gunyana 2014 hutungamiriri hwaObama hwakavandudza rubatsiro rweMCC rwemadhora mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe kuti ripe $461 miriyoni mukuwedzera mari yedzidzo, zvivakwa, uye mamwe mapurojekiti. Hurombo hwenyika uye huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa - hunoratidzwa nehuwandu hwekutamira kuchamhembe - hwakaita kuti hurumende, nevazhinji veSalvador, vave nechido chekuwana mari iyi.
Nekudaro, United States yakarairawo runyorwa rurefu rwekuchinja kwemitemo ine chekuita nechengetedzo, hutongi, uye mutemo wehupfumi. Pakati pezvisingafarirwe zvakanyanya, mutemo wePublic-Private Partnership (P3) unobvumira mari yakazvimirira muzvikamu zvinodzorwa nehurumende zvehupfumi sezvivakwa nemasevhisi. Chikamu chakakura chemamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nenomwe emadhora muchikamu chechipiri cheMCC cherubatsiro chichapihwa kumapurojekiti aya. Mutemo unodzikisira kutonga kwemutemo pamusoro pekudyara uye kuendesa mabasa akakosha ekutarisa kuPROESA, iyo Export uye Investment Promotion Agency, iyo iri mukati mebazi guru asi inosanganisira vatungamiriri vanobva kunyika yebhizinesi yeSalvador. Masangano mazhinji ane mukurumbira anoshoropodza hurongwa hwakadai pakuzvidavirira kweveruzhinji, vachiratidza kuti vamiriri vebhizinesi nekodzero vari kuyedza sei kugadzira sangano rinozvimiririra kuti rifambise chikamu chemvura. nzira inonyengera yekutengeserana (kunyangwe vamiriri veFMLN kusvika parizvino vabudirira kusabvisa mvura kubva pane rondedzero yebasa iri pasi peP3 investments).
Mukati megore ra2014 muzinda weAmerica wakazivisa chimwe chiitiko chakashata, ichida kuti hurumende imise chirongwa chekutsigira kurima kwevarimi kuburikidza nekutenga nekugovera mbeu dzechibage nebhinzi kubva kuvarimi vadiki nemishandirapamwe. A Embassy yeU.S akakakavadzana kuti nzira yekutenga yakanga isina "kuvhurika," sezvaidiwa pasi pe2004 Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), uye naizvozvo yakatyora "zvisungo" zveEl Salvador "kunharaunda yepasi rose" -kureva ARENA-yakabatana mutengesi wembeu yeMonsanto iyo. akanga ambodzora misika zhinji. Kuchema kukuru kwemumba nekune dzimwe nyika kwakamanikidza hurumende yeUS kuti idzokere shure, asi kudiwa kwacho kunoratidza chinangwa chikuru chemutemo weUS, yakatsanangurwa nemumiriri weUS Trade Representative Michael Froman: "kuvhura misika yepasi rose yezvinhu zveUS uye masevhisi" uye "kusimbisa kodzero dzeAmerica muhurongwa hwekutengesa pasi rose."
Hutongi hwaObama hwakakurudzira dzimwe shanduko dzakasiyana siyana pamitsetse iyi. Yakaendesa kusafara kwemafemu emishonga eUS ne2012. Mishonga Mutemo, iyo yakatanga kudzorwa kwemitengo ine mwero pamishonga inodhura yenyeredzi (uye inobatsira zvikuru) inotengeswa muzvitoro zvemishonga zveSalvador. Uye kunyangwe hutungamiriri husina kutsigira pachena makambani emigodhi ekunze - mazhinji awo asiri emuUS - akatsigira kodzero yemakambani aya kumhan'arira El Salvador mumatare epasi rose pamusoro pekumisa migodhi yayo muna 2009 uye mamwe marongero ezvido zvevanhu. Tichitaura nezvemhosva mbiri dzazvino nemakambani emigodhi, muna 2013 iyo Partnership's semiannual. "scorecard" akakurudzira "kuremekedzwa kwemaitiro emasangano anotumira meseji yakanaka kunharaunda dzepasirese."
Pamusoro pekuchinja kwakanangana nepolicy, Kudyidzana kwakaisawo mabhizinesi makuru basa 'mukuita mitemo yehurumende. Vanomwe venhengo gumi neina dzeNational Growth Council, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rakagadzirwa neKudyidzana, mabhizinesi makuru eSalvador. Maererano neDhipatimendi reHurumende, iyo Council's chinangwa ndeyekuona "hukama hunobudirira pakati pehurumende nevezimba rakazvimirira zvichibva mukuenzanirana uye chiono chakagovaniswa chenyika." Inosangana vhiki nevhiki uye inoita basa rinoshanda mukukurudzira shanduko yemitemo. Alex Segovia, murongi weKanzuru panguva yekutonga kweFunes, akati dare rakagadzira "mitemo mitsva nemabhiri," kusanganisira mutemo weP3, "kukurudzira uye kukwezva mari yekunze." Kanzuru yakaitawo basa rehumiriri, kuenda kuWashington kunotsvagira rubatsiro uye kusangana nevakuru veWorld Bank neInternational Monetary Fund. Kunyangwe Segovia akasimbirira kuti Kanzuru "inongoita zvikumbiro" pane "kuita sarudzo," kukosha kwayo pakugadzirisa mitemo hakuna mubvunzo.
Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti Kudyidzana kwakaratidzwawo nekuzvikudza kweU.S. Rubatsiro rwechipiri rweMCC rwakanonoka kwegore rose mushure mekubvumidzwa kwekutanga nebhodhi reMCC munaGunyana 2013, mukuyedza kumanikidza paramende yeSalvador kubvumidza kuvandudzwa kwemutemo weP3 uye kuita kuti hurumende irege chirongwa chembeu chakakurumbira. . Mumiriri weU.S. Mari Carmen Aponte kakawanda kunzarwo kuti rubatsiro rutsva rwaizosvika chete "kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari mugwara uye mamiriro ekudyara akarurama." Imwe nzvimbo isingazivikanwe yepamusoro-soro muhurumende yeSalvador yakandiudza kuti mukupera kwa2013, "United States yakatanga kuisa mamwe mamiriro akange asiri munhaurirano [yekutanga]," uye kuti chikonzero "chaive chezvematongerwo enyika." Sezvo sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika yeEl Salvador dzemuna 2014 dzaswedera, hurumende yeUS yakanonoka kubvumidza kwekupedzisira kwerubatsiro rweMCC mukuyedza kunetesa FMLN uye kuisa shanduko dzingasagoneke. Mukuru uyu akataura nekushungurudzika kuti "ukama pakati pevadyidzani vakaenzana" unofungidzirwa kuti Kudyidzana "hahuna kumboitika muchokwadi."
In kuwedzera pakuramba mamiriro akabatanidzwa nerubatsiro rweMCC, vazhinji vevaratidziri veSalvador vanoshoropodza zviri pasuru yerubatsiro pachayo. Maererano neU.S. Embassy, โโitsva pa "ichaita basa rakakosha mukumutsa kukura kunotungamirwa nebazi rakazvimiririra" nekugadzira "yakasanganiswa yekudyara muzvivakwa zvezvivakwa, dzidzo uye kugadzirisa mitemo." Kunyange vazhinji vachigamuchira mari yerubatsiro rwazvino kuzvikoro, pane kusahadzika kwakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvacho.
Zvirongwa zvekuwedzera chikamu chekushanyirwa pamhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika zvinonyanya kukakavara, uye masangano epasi mudunhu reBajo Lempa akashoropodza hurongwa hweMCC hwekukoshesa mapurojekiti makuru evashanyi pamusoro pebudiriro inodzorwa nenharaunda. Josรฉ Acosta weboka Voices on the Border, rinoshanda mudunhu iri, akati "hatisi kutaura nezve kushanya kunofambiswa nenharaunda" asi "mega-mahotera, makosi egorofu - chinhu ichocho." Urwu rudzi rweโbudiriroโ runogona kukuvadza nzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munzira dzakawanda. Acosta yakafanotaura kuti vanoisa mari vanogona kutora ivhu kubva kunharaunda dzemahombekombe dzisina mazita enzvimbo, zvichikanganisa kupihwa kwemvura mudunhu, zvipenyu, uye tsika dzenzvimbo. Vagari vakawanda vanotyirawo kuti mahotera matsva, migwagwa mikuru, uye zvivakwa zvezviteshi zvezvikepe zvingakwezva vanotengesa zvinodhaka. KuAcosta, kunyangwe "mamwe mabasa akagadzirwa, mabasa iwayo haatsigire zvinokanganisa zviwanikwa uye nemararamiro ehuwandu." Kushaikwa kwekupinza kwakakurumbira mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kunongowedzera kuvhiringidzika. Acosta akachema-chema kuti nharaunda dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzinomirira kukanganiswa nemapurojekiti eMCC ari kuuya haana kubatanidzwa mukuita sarudzo. Muna 2011 masangano enharaunda kubva mudunhu akapa hurumende runyoro rwezvimwe zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvinosanganisira kutsigirwa kwezvinhu zvakaita sekurima kudiki uye kugadzirira njodzi, asi hapana kana chimwe chazvo chakabuda muchirongwa cheMCC chekupedzisira.
Panewo chikonzero chekubvunza kuti mangani mabasa achagadzirwa. Nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeSalvador, Cรฉsar Villalona, โโakataura kuti rubatsiro rwekutanga rweMCC, rwakatangwa muna 2006, "hachina kuita zvakawanda," uye chirongwa chepamusoro cherubatsiro - kuvakwa kwemugwagwa muhombe kuchamhembe kweEl Salvador - kwakabatsira zvishoma mukusimudzira kumaruwa. vatsigiri vakavimbisa. Basa renguva pfupi rakagadzirwa nekuvakwa kwemugwagwa mukuru rakakurumidza kupera. Uye nekuti chirongwa ichi hachina kusanganisa kuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa midiki yekumaruwa pedyo nemugwagwa mukuru, zvinoramba zvakaomera varimi vazhinji kutakura zvinhu zvavo. Nepo Villalona achifanoona kuwedzera kwehupfumi kubva kumari yeMCC iripo, anoyambirawo kuti "hotera haidi vashandi vakawanda" uye kuti mahotera anogona kupinza chikafu chavo kwete kutenga kubva kuvarimi veko. "Kudzokororwazve kwevaridzi vevhu" kunogonawo kushora chero kuwanikwa kwemabasa emunharaunda, akadaro. Muchidimbu, kuisa mari mumahotera "hakugadzirise dambudziko rebasa."
Mutambo wakafanana kugadzirwa kwemapurojekiti ebudiriro kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nemabhizinesi makuru kwete vagadziri vadiki, vashandi, uye vagari. Ana Dubon, anogara munharaunda iri pedyo nomugwagwa mukuru wokuchamhembe, akataura kuti mugwagwa wekare wakanga uri โmumamiriro ezvinhu akaipaโ uye aida kuti ugadziriswe. Asi mugwagwa mukuru mutsva, wakagadzirwa kuti ukwane marori mahombe uye usina kubatana kwakanaka kumisha yokumaruwa, wairatidza zvinokosheswa nevapfumi. Vati "zvakaunza budiriro kune avo vane zviwanikwa zvehupfumi, kuti vakwanise kuita mari yakawanda," uye vakayambirawo kuti zvawedzera kutengesa zvinodhaka uye chipfambi munzvimbo iyi. "Uye ndiko kukura?" akabvunza.
Mipiro yeMCC uye Partnership for Growth inotengeswa semhinduro kuhurombo nemhirizhonga izvo zvinosundidzira vanhu vazhinji veSalvador kuti vatame. Asi maitiro avo haagone kuve akakura, kunyangwe akawedzerwa neCentral America rubatsiro kutanga zvakakurudzirwa nehutungamiri hwaObama muna Ndira wapfuura. Zvakanakisa, iyo MCC nemitemo ine hukama inodzikamisa zviratidzo kwenguva pfupi uchiita zvishoma kugadzirisa zvimiro zvisina kuenzana zvinoburitsa mhirizhonga uye kutama. Mari yekune dzimwe nyika ichaunza rimwe basa, asi inogona kurambwa zvizere nekutorerwa minda, kutamiswa, kuomerwa kwemari, kuwedzera kwemitengo, uye kushomeka kwekutengeserana kunoenderana nazvo. Kana makumi emakore achangopfuura chero gwara, mamwe magadzirirwo e-neoliberal anoburitsa kukura kwakaderera uye kusaenzana kukuru. Zvichakadaro, maitiro echiuto eUS ekutengesa zvinodhaka uye kuparwa kwemhosva dzemumigwagwa kungangowedzera nyika kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye-kutonga nemaitiro achangobva kuitika muMexico neCentral America-kurisa chisimba nevatambi vasiri vehurumende zvakare.
"Kurwisa zvinokonzeresa [kutama], unofanirwa kuchinja mutemo wehupfumi," akadaro nyanzvi yezvehupfumi Villalona, โโanotenda kuti kusaenzana kwakanyanya kweEl Salvador uye kushaikwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi kunoderedza musika wevatengi uye zvinoita kuti zviome kukwezva mari inogona kuunza. mabasa anobhadhara. Akataura kuti Costa Rica, iyo ine kusaenzana kushoma uye vanhu vakadzidza zvakanyanya, ine huwandu hwakaderera hwekutama. MuEl Salvador, akati, "Chero kuine hurombo uye kushomeka kwemabasa, vanhu vacharamba vachitsvaga nzira yekuenda. Ndizvo zvakajairika. "
So nei hurumende yeSalvador isingaite "kugoverazve hupfumi," sevatsigiri veVillalona? Sei manzwi akakurumbira akabviswa muhurukuro dzakawanda dzemitemo? Uye nekupihwa rekodhi yakashata yeneoliberalism uye nhoroondo yekukanganisa kweUS munyika, nei manejimendi eFunes naSรกnchez Cerรฉn (aimbova mutungamiriri wehugandanga hweMarxist) vanga "kubatana," mumashoko eEmbassy yeUS Economic. Mupi wezano? Kuve nechokwadi, iyo FMLN inovandudza hukuru pamusoro peARENA: pakati pe2008 ne2014. urombo yakaderera kubva pamakumi mana kusvika pamakumi matatu kubva muzana uye kusaenzana kwakadererawo zvakanyanya. Zvibereko izvi zvinoratidzira kuwedzera kweFMLN yedzidzo nekuwaniswa kwehutano, tsigiro yayo yekurima kudiki, zvirongwa zvayo zvakatsaurirwa kupa vakadzi simba, uye dzimwe shanduko dzinofambira mberi dzinodiwa nenheyo yebato. Asi mubvunzo unoramba uripo: sei iyo FMLN isina kuedza zvakanyanya shanduko, kunyanya yakapihwa mukurumbira weshanduko dzayo kusvika parizvino?
Kushaikwa kweruzhinji rwebato mumutemo chimwe chinhu, asi zvizhinji zvezvimhingamipinyi zviri pahurumende zvakadzika midzi, zvichibva pakuti hupfumi huchiri kutsamira pamari yepasi rose nehurumende yeU.S. Haisi iyo United States chete ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika uye mari, asi chikamu chikuru (16%) cheGross Domestic Product yenyika yakabva kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika mu2013, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune US anti-immigrant policy; Vezvematongerwo enyika veUS munguva yakapfuura vakatyisidzira vavhoti veSalvador kuti kukunda kweFMLN musarudzo kungakanganisa Yenguva Yakadzivirirwa Mamiriro evapoteri uye kuendeswa kwemari uko vazhinji veSalvador vanotsamira. Washington inoitawo basa remuchengeti wegedhi kuburikidza nekutaurirana kune vanokweretesa vekunze nevanoita mari kana nyika yakakodzera โ rangarira zvakataurwa naMupangamazano Barrett ekuti "kuda kwakanaka" kwaFunes kuUnited States kwakabatsira kuunza "mari itsva yakawanda" kubva kuWorld Bank neIDB. Aimbove mukuru weSalvador Segovia akabvuma kuti "hukama neUnited States hwaive hwakakosha" mukutumira mameseji kukwezva vega vega.
Makambani akazvimirira anewo simba rekukanganisa hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika nekunyima mari, kucheka zvigadzirwa, kukwidza mitengo, zvichingodaro (sezvo. Venezuelan hurumende yakadzidza kubva 1999). Ambassador Aponte Akaudzwa maSalvadorans kuti mutemo weP3 wakakosha "kutumira masaini akajeka kune vanoisa mari, sezvo vari ivo vanozopedzisira vadyara mari munyika." Barrett akati "bazi rakazvimirira rinoshuvira zviratidzo zvitsva zvekuti hurumende inotungamira hupfumi hwakavhurika." Vakuru veSalvador, zvakadaro, vanotaura kazhinji nezvekushanda mukati โmubatanidzwaโ nebazi rakazvimirira. Segovia akasimbisa kwandiri kuti hurumende haisi "muvengi webazi rakazvimirira," uye akataura neNational Growth Council sehumbowo.
Zviri pachena mumashoko aya ifungidziro yekuti macapitalist anofanira kugara achinyaradzwa, kuti kuvapikisa zvakananga kungave kuzviuraya nekuda kwesimba ravo rinokanganisa. Chokwadi, kunyangwe shanduko dzakadzikama sechirongwa chembeu kana FMLN's 2014 inofambira mberi mutero shanduko yakasangana nekupikiswa kunotyisa. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi vakuru vakuru veFMLN vakaratidza kungwarira kunoshungurudza zvakanyanya vazhinji muzvigaro zvavo. Vanotsvaka kuderedza kurwisana kwakananga, uko kunoda kuenderera mberi nemitemo yakawanda isingafarirwi, kudzivisa kuchinja kukuru, uye kudzvinyirira pfungwa dzakakurumbira.
Imwe nzira ingangove yekutarisana kwese-kwese kwevakadzika midzi, asi zano iri rinogona kusashanda. Iyo Cuban Revolution yakazviita, asi nemabhenefiti ekusimudzira maindasitiri ane mwero, kutonga kwemauto, uye rubatsiro rweSoviet (pamwe nekutonga kwebato rimwe). Kunyangwe iyo hurumende yeVenezuela yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nzira yekutarisana nevechinyakare vakuru pamwe ingadai yakakundikana makore apfuura pasina hupfumi hwayo hwemafuta. El Salvador ine mashoma mabhenefiti akadai, uye huwandu hwayo zvakare haina kuunganidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika kupfuura zvayaive makore makumi maviri apfuura, zvichiita kuti nzira yekumisa itonyanya kuoma.
Zvisungo zvemugadziriso hazvisi zvese-zvisarudzo, zvisinei: zvese sarudzo dzehurumende uye kurwira kwakakurumbira kunobatsira kusarudza miganhu yezvinobvira. Kupokana mukati nekunze kwehurumende kwakamanikidza kudzoka kweUS panhau yembeu, kudzivirira mvura kubva mukushambadzirwa, kwakabatsira kumanikidza kumisa migodhi, uye kugonesa shanduko yemitemo seMutemo weMishonga uye kuvandudzwa kwemitero. Kuve nevakuru veFMLN vari musimba kwakafambisa kukunda uku nekuti, kusiyana neARENA, FMLN inofanirwa kutsvaga kugutsa hwaro hwevatsigiri vanofambira mberi pane kungoita mari yega. Kuunganidza kubva pazasi, zvakadaro, kwave kwakakosha mukuva nerudyi-kugumbura, kugadzira nzvimbo yakawanda yevakuru vanofambira mberi, uye kudhonzera vakuru avo kuruboshwe.
Makore anotevera achaona kuenderera mberi kwehondo yemasimba umo Washington, iyo Salvador kurudyi, uye vatsigiri vavo vecapitalist vane simba asi vasina simba rose, uye umo mhedzisiro inotsamira pamwero mukuru pamasimba akakurumbira. Pane zvikonzero zvekusava netariro, asi mutungamiri wemubatanidzwa Wilfredo Berrรญos ane tarisiro sezvaanotaura zvimwe zvezvaitwa pamusoro. "Takatovarova mune zvimwe zvinhu," akadaro.
Kevin Young muongorori anogara muSan Salvador. Anoonga Hilary Goodfriend, Diana Sierra Becerra, uye Jeffrey Young nokuda kwetsinhiro dzinobetsera paichi chinyorwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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