Kunobva: FAIR
HBO Max akatanga kuburitsa documentary musi waGunyana 15: A La Calle (“Kumumugwagwa”). Inoratidza vatungamiriri vanopikisa vanotsigirwa neUS muVenezuela semagamba edemocracy ari kurwisa hudzvinyiriri hune hutsinye. kutendeuka zvachose chechokwadi. A Daily Beast chinyorwa (9/13/21) kusimudzira bhaisikopo rine musoro unoti “Kutora Kuburuka kweVenezuela MuGehena reSocialist,” iro rinoburitsa muchidimbu kutsvedza kwefirimu, uye rinopa chikonzero nei rakawana hombe. corporate platform se HBO Max, mutsigiri we AT & T's Warner Media.
Kubva ku tirera chete, zviri pachena kuti A La Calle inoratidza mutungamiri webato rinopikisa reVenezuelan Leopoldo López semutongi wedemocrat ane hunhu. Izvozvo zvakatonyanya.
Nhaka yekuedza kupidigura hurumende nechisimba
López, aimbova mukuru weindasitiri yemafuta, aive mumwe wevapari vemhosva yehondo yakatsigirwa neUS muna 2002 iyo yakabvisa muchidimbu mutungamiri akasarudzwa nedemocracy panguva iyoyo, Hugo Chávez. Hudzvanyiriri huri pasi pemukuru webhizinesi Peter Carmona yakauraya varatidziri makumi matanhatu mukati memazuva maviri ayakanga ichitonga. (Mumwe 19 vanhu, hafu yavo vaChavistas, vakaurayiwa mukurwisana kunotyisa nguva pfupi kupandukira hurumende kusati kwatanga.) López—pamwe chete nomumwe wezvematongerwe enyika akakurumbira, Henrique Capriles—akatungamirira kupambwa kwegurukota rehurumende reChávez Carmona paaitonga. López akaonekwa paTV yemuno, achizvikudza achiti kuti akanga audza “Mutungamiri Carmona” nezve kupambwa uku.
Mwedzi inoverengeka gare gare, López akatsigira a kuedza kukuru kwechipiri, kupaza kweindasitiri yeoiri kunotungamirwa nevanopikisa kwakapa mari inenge yese yeVenezuela. Kuedza kupidigura Chavez kwakaendesa hurombo kupfuura 60% nekutanga kwa2003.
López akatsigira kuratidzira kwechisimba zvakare muna 2013 mushure memumiriri waakatsigira, Capriles, akaramba kubvuma kurasikirwa kwake kuna Mutungamiri Nicolás Maduro musarudzo yekutanga yemutungamiri wenyika mushure mekufa kwaHugo Chávez. Gare gare gore iroro, López akashora Capriles nekumisa kuratidzira uku vachiti dai vakaenderera mberi kusvika Maduro adzingwa pachigaro. Apo Capriles akamisa kuratidzira, vakanga vatosiya vanhu vapfumbamwe vafa, vose vatsigiri vaMaduro.
López akatanga kuratidzira kutanga kwa2014 izvo zvakakonzera 43 kufa: Hafu yavo ratidza zvakasimba basa revatsigiri vake. Yakangove mushure mekutungamira iyo yechina-yakatsigirwa neUS kuedza kubvisa hurumende yakasarudzwa yeVenezuela apo López akazopedzisira akaenda kujeri.
Kwete kupembedza asi kufuratira mhosva
Ndakatarisa gwaro rose, ndichida kuona kuti bhaisikopo racho raizojekesa sei kuedza kwese kwaakaitwa naLópez, uye kuti rairamba sei mhirizhonga yakaitwa nevatsigiri vake nevaitsigira mumakore makumi maviri apfuura.
Ndakanetsekawo kuti firimu racho raizoregerera sei zvirango zvehupfumi zveUS paVenezuela — zviito zvehondo zvave zvichiitwa. zvakabatana nekufa yemakumi ezviuru zveVenezuelans pakupera kwa2018 chete. Pakazosvika 2021, zvirango zveUS, izvo zvave zvichiwedzerwa kubva 2019, zvakaderedza mari yehurumende yeVenezuela ne99%, according kumuongorori akakosha weUN Alena Douhan.
Ndaitarisira kuona nharo dzakaipa dzichipembedza mhosva dzose idzi. Pane kudaro, iyo documentary yakaagadzirisa kubva pakuvapo zvachose. Hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chakambotaurwa kana kamwe chete: hapana nezvekuyedza-kudzokororwa kweUS 2014 isati yasvika, hapana nezvehondo inoparadza yehupfumi iyo US yakaunza kuVenezuela kubvira 2017.
VeVenezuelan economist Ricardo Hausmann uye Tamara Taraciuk (mutevedzeri wemukuru weAmericas weHuman Rights Watch) vanokodzera kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwekutaura kwavakaita.
Chidzidzo chenhoroondo yakakanganiswa
Mufirimu racho, Hausmann akati Chávez akatanga kutonga nekuti 1998, gore rakatanga kusarudzwa Chávez, “rakanga riri gore rakaoma mune zveupfumi.” Kutaura idi, Venezuela yakanga ine ngwavaira shomanene makumi emakore Chavez asati asarudzwa. Hausmann anofanira kuziva, nokuti muna 1992, iye akava mushumiri muhurumende yaCarlos Andres Pérez, iyo yakanga yakanganisa Caracazo Massacre muna 1989: Mazana, pamwe zviuru, zvevarombo vakapfurwa mukati memazuva mashanu ekuratidzira vachipokana nehurongwa hweIMF hwakatemerwa nechisimba.
Muchikamu chechangopfuura (FAIR.org, 8/26/21), Justin Podur neni takaongorora nhoroondo yehupfumi yeVenezuela, ichiratidza kuti yakagara ichinetswa nehurombo hunokatyamadza uye kusaenzana, kunyangwe Venezuela yaive mutengesi mukuru weoiri kubva kuma1930s. Hongu, "Kudzika kweVenezuela kupinda muGehena reCapitalist" hausi musoro wenyaya waungangowana munhau dzemakambani kubva kunguva isati yasvika Chávez.
Mushure mekutsanangura nekunyengera kuti sei Chavez akatanga kusarudzwa, Hausmann akaenderera mberi kune nhema huru. “Hugo Chávez, mumakore mashanu okutanga, akachinja zvinhu zvakawanda,” akadaro, “asi mugariro wezvemari hauna kuvandudzika.”
Idzo inhema dzakaipa kwazvo dzekusiiwa. Hausmann haana hanya kutaura kuti mukati memakore mashanu ekutanga iwayo, Chávez akarohwa nekuedza kukuru kweUS-yakatsigirwa kwakaparadza hupfumi. Nekupona mukuedza uku, Chávez, muna 2003, akazokwanisa kutora kutonga kwekambani yemafuta ehurumende, PDVSA, iyo inonyanya kukosha mari yenyika.
Hausmann akabva anyengedza vaoni zvakare achiti, “Muna 2004, mutengo wemafuta wakakwira. Pakarepo Hugo Chavez anoona kuti ane mari yakawanda. "
Mutengo wemafuta wainge wave kutokwira chaizvo kubva 1998, gore Chávez asati atanga kutonga. Sezvineiwo kune vazhinji veVenezuelan, mitengo yemafuta yakaramba ichikwira kwemakore akati wandei mushure mekunge Chávez pakupedzisira atora kutonga kwePDVSA kubva kune vanoparadza. Saka hupfumi hwakakwanisa kukurumidza kupora kubva mukuedza kwekupidigura uye kutanga nguva inoshamisa kuderedza urombo.
Hapana 'ichangopfuura' muenzaniso?
Angangoita maminetsi makumi mana mugwaro, Tamara Taraciuk weHuman Rights Watch anoti kuratidzira kwechisimba kwa40 (kunoratidzwa nefirimu Leopoldo López achikurudzira kubva muchitokisi chake) "hapana muenzaniso munhoroondo ichangoburwa yeVenezuela." Izwi rekuti "zvino" rinosimudza zvakanyanya mukutaura kusina musoro uku.
Waive Kubvumbi, 2002 kuedza kupidigura hurumende (kwakauraya vanhu makumi manomwe nepfumbamwe, vatsigiri vaHugo Chávez, uye nekupidigura hurumende kwenguva pfupi) kwete "zvichangopfuura," inouraya kana zvematongerwo enyika zvakakosha zvekupa "muenzaniso" wekuratidzira muna 79, kwakasiya zana nemakumi maviri vanhu vakafa? Uyezve, ndizvo zvisina kujeka dai vazhinji vevakabatwa muna 2017 vaive varatidziri vanopikisa. Vamwe vevaratidziri ava vakaita hutsinye hwakanyanya, sekupisa moto Orlando Figuera, ane makore 21 okukura mutsigiri wehurumende yeAfro Venezuela.
Zvakadini neCaracazo Massacre ya1989, yakaitwa nehurumende yeUS? Inoverengwa se "nhoroondo yemazuva ano yeVenezuela"? Mumazuva mashanu, nhamba yekufa kweCaracazo yakapfuura, pamwe nehurongwa hwehukuru, huwandu hwevanhu vakafa kumativi ese panguva yekuratidzira kwaitsigirwa neUS vachipikisa hurumende yeVenezuela yeChavista muna 2002, 2013, 2014 uye 2017. (Sezvineiwo, Caracazo Massacre yakaitawo hapana kukanganisa kune hushamwari hweUS / Venezuela hukama, kana pakubata kumeso kwenhau yeUS yehurumende yeVenezuela panguva iyoyo-FAIR.org, 8/26/21.)
Inenge awa nemaminetsi makumi maviri nemasere mufirimu, Taraciuk anoti chero "hurumende yakanaka" mumamiriro ehupfumi eVenezuela "inokumbira rubatsiro," asi kuti Maduro "akavhara musuwo werubatsiro rwepasi rose, rwuripo." Idzi dzaive nhema dzaiwanzotaurwa muna Kukadzi 28, apo hurumende yaTrump, ichangobva pakuziva Juan Guaidó semutungamiri weVenezuela, yakada kuti mauto eVenezuela arambe Maduro uye abvumidze madhora makumi maviri emamiriyoni e "rubatsiro" aifungidzirwa kuti apinde kubva kuColombia.FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo, huwandu uhu hwe "rubatsiro" hwaive kukanganisa kwakatenderedza kana kuchienzaniswa ne kukanganisa kwezvirango zvehupfumi iyo Trump yakanga yaisa kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2017. Taraciuk haambobvunzi "hunhu" hwaTrump nemaune kusarudza kudzipa hupfumi hwaive hwatove munjodzi. Izvo zvega zvinoita kuti kutaura kwake kunyomba, asi zvakare, zvinopesana nezvaanoti, Maduro akange akumbira rubatsiro rwepasirese rwaigamuchirwa neVenezuela pamberi perubatsiro rwunotungamirwa neUS 2019 (FAIR.org, 2/12/19).
Kuzvipira kune debunked propaganda
Iyo documentary yakazvipira kune debunked propaganda kubva muna 2019 zvekuti inopawo fungidziro yekuti rori yekubatsira pamuganhu weColombia yakapiswa nemauto akavimbika kuna Maduro. “Marori matatu kana mana akapinda mundima yeVenezuela, asi imwe yacho yakapiswa,” anodaro López pakhamera. The Grayzone (2/24/19) uye gare gare kunyange iyo New York Times (3/10/19) akaramba nhema idzodzo panguva iyoyo, achiona izvozvo Video zvinoratidza kuti rori yakapiswa nemunhu anopikisa.
Mushure megore ra2019, vezvenhau vekuMadokero vakabva vaenderera mberi kubva mukusundidzira manyepo ekuti Maduro anoramba rubatsiro rwepasi rose, zvakanyanya nekuti Trump, uye iye zvino Biden, vakave nekusuwa zvakanyanya nehondo yavo yehupfumi kuVenezuela.FAIR.org, 3/25/20, 7/21/21).
Angangoita maminetsi makumi manomwe mugwaro, Taraciuk anosimbisa zvakasimba kuti mavhoti aive asina kuvanzika panguva yesarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yaMay 70 iyo Maduro akahwina zvine mutsindo, achiti vavhoti "vaifanira kupinda musarudzo. dot tsvuku kuti vanyorese mavhoti avo.” The dots dzvuku ("mapoinzi matsvuku") makiosks ehurumende yagara yakagadzira pedyo nenzvimbo dzekuvhotera dzekubuda musarudzo. Kunyangwe munyori anopesana naMaduro akarwisa makiosks aya se "blackmail" vakabvuma kuti hurumende haizive kuti vanhu vakavhota sei.
Hunyengeri hwakanyanya kutaura kuti Maduro akamanikidza vavhoti, asi achifuratira kutyisidzira kuri pachena iyo US yakatumira vavhoti veVenezuela kubva 2017: iyo inoremadza hondo yehupfumi kurwisa Venezuela ichaenderera uye ichiwedzera kusvika Maduro akundwa.
Chero zvazvingava, nhamba yevhoti yaMaduro muna 2018 yakanga inoenderana nehuwandu hwekutsigira a Pew Research poll (haasi chipfeko chepro-Maduro) akataura kuti aive nemwedzi yakati wandei gare gare. Yakaona kuti 33% yeVeVenezuela "vanovimba nehurumende yenyika kuita izvo zvakafanira Venezuela." Ndiwo danho rerutsigiro pakati pevavhoti vanokodzera vanogarokunda musarudzo muCanada, US neUK (Mint Press Nhau, 1/28/19).
Chikamu cheWestern media herd
Mumufirimu wese, zvimedu zvakawanda kubva munhepfenyuro huru zvinosimbisa kusavimbika kwefirimu. Fox News mutori wenhau Bryan Llenas anoti, “Venezuela iri kuparara pasi poutongi hunodzvinyirira hwaMaduro. A BBC mutori wenhau anotarira Maduro nekuzvidza humambo sezvo iye, zvine hungwaru, achiramba chirevo chekuti sarudzo yake ye2018 yaive isiri pamutemo.
Nhepfenyuro dzekuMadokero dzakagara dzakagadzira mhando yeshorthand, inodzokororwa nekusingaperi, inoda kusava nemhosva kune vezvematongerwo enyika vanotsigirwa neUS saLeopoldo López kuVenezuela. Chero mhedzisiro yepamutemo yeUS-backed sedition inoratidzwa sehudzvanyiriri (FAIR.org, 4/23/18).
US varaidzo media vakabatsirawo kumushandirapamwe wekurwisa hurumende yaMaduro (FAIR.org, 9/18/19) Gore rapera Ethan hawke akaita a fawning interview naLópez (shamwari yekare yakasangana naHawke paaipinda chikoro chesekondari chakazvimirira muNew York). Zviri nyore kwazvo kuona kuti sei HBO Max waizonzwa wakasununguka kutepfenyura documentary sezvisina maturo A La Calle.
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