Fkana makore mashoma apfuura mazhizha, semadutu, ane mazita. Kwete mazita ega saKatrina kana Floyd - asi mazita akazara saTrayvon Martin kana Michael Brown. Kufanana nemadutu, kusvika kwavo kwaifanotaurwa uye kufanotaura, asi neimwe nzira, pavakamhara, mhedzisiro yacho yakanga ichiri kuvhundutsa.
Hatisati taziva zita richabatanidzwa mumwaka uno. Achiri kunze uko, achitamba Call of Duty, achitsvaga nzira yekudyisa mhuri yake kana kushanda kuti abhadhare chikwereti chake chemudzidzi. Iye (uye zvichida achava iye) haazivi kuti mazuva ake averengeka; uye hatizivi kuwanda kwamazuva iwayo.
Iyo chaiyo alchemy inoita kuti imwe kufa mune zvematongerwo enyika totemic vamwe vachienda vasina kuchema kupfuura mhuri dzavo nenharaunda hazvina kunyatsojeka. Vhidhiyo inobatsira, asi haina kukosha. Mamwe mapikicha emapurisa achikunguruka kunge mauto erufu uye nekuuraya vanhu vasina kutyisidzira chaiko hakuna kumbobvisa fungidziro yakakurumbira. Kana zviremera zvikatadza kuteerera kushatirwa kwenharaunda, kana kuferefeta zvine musoro, tisingarevi kuranga, mapurisa, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anogona kukurumidza. Kusawirirana kuri kuitika pakati pezviremera nevari kumapurisa kwave kuchikonzera mune dzimwe nyaya. Saka, hatinyatsozivi kuti sei rufu rwake ruchabata fungidziro yezvematongerwo enyika nenzira iyo vamwe vasingazoiti.
Asi tinoziva, nechokwadi chinotyisa, kuti nhamba yake ichauya - kuti rimwe zuva achauraiwa muropa rinotonhora nemupurisa (pamwe zvakare angave murume) uyo anofanirwa kumuchengetedza nenharaunda yake. Tinoziva izvi nokuti hazvidzivisiki nenhamba uye ine nhoroondo yekare. Tinozviziva nokuti takazviona zvichiitika kakawanda. Tinoziva izvi nokuti iyi haisi iyo chete mashandiro anoita America; ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa America. Kufanana nedutu, tinoziva kuti riri kuuya - hatisati taziva kuti richakuvadza kupi kana kuti rini uye kuti richakuvadza zvakadii.
Zhizha inguva yemhirizhonga. Ndipo pakatanga Watts, Newark neDetroit mumhirizhonga muma1960s, zvichikonzerwa nemapurisa asina tsitsi. Ndipo kana chikoro chabuda, mapati emadziva anenge aripo uye hupenyu hwemumba, kunyanya mumadhorobha, hunopindurwa mukati-kunze: kubva muimba yekutandarira kusvika pamubhedha, kubva pamubhedha kuenda kumugwagwa. Hasha ndipo padzinopera uye hasha dzinotubuka kunge asphalt yakanyungudutswa. Ndipo apo, kutsanangura Langston Hughes, zviroto zvakamisikidzwa zvinoputika.
Ichi hachisi chido changu; ndiko kufanotaura kwangu. Iwe unogona kuinzwa ichivaka nechero nyowani Facebook post, hutachiona vhidhiyo uye Twitter dutu. Iwe unogona kuzvinzwa kubva muhurukuro nevasingazivi kumaposvo, zvitoro zvedoro uye zvitoro zvekofi. Kufembera kusingafadzi kuita nekuti, pakupedzisira, mhirizhonga iyi inoburitsa dambudziko ravasingagoni, pachavo, kugadzirisa; uye iri nyore kugadzira nekuti, sekutaura kwakaita mumwe mugari muBaltimore pakatanga nyonganyonga ipapo kutanga kwegore rino: โUnogona kungoisa zvakawanda kwazvo muchibikidziro chokumanikidza chisati chabuda.โ
Iri ndiro zhizha randichabva muAmerica, mushure memakore gumi nemaviri semunyori wekunze, ndodzokera kuLondon. Chisarudzo changu chokudzokera kuBritain chakasundwa nokurambidza, zvinhu zvomunhu oga zvisina chokuita nezviitiko zvazvino uno; dai chinangwa changu chaive chekutiza chipurisa chine hasha uye kusarudzika, ndingadai ndisiri kunanga kuHackney.
Asi nepo zviitiko zvemakore mashoma apfuura zvisina kusunda chisarudzo chekudzoka, zvinondiita kuti ndisununguke kuti chisarudzo chakanga chatoitwa. Ndosaka ndisina kana kamwe kapfungwa kangu. Dai ndaifanira kutora zhizha kuti ndiende, iyi ndiyo yaizova iyo. Mumwe mwaka wevabereki vevatema vachichema, vakuru vemapurisa vachitsanangura uye vasina clueless anchors opining. Mumwe mwaka apo America inofanirwa kuyeuchidzwa kuti hupenyu hwevatema hune basa nekuti kufa kwevatema mumaoko ehurumende kwave kugamuchirwa sechinyakare kwenguva yakareba. Zhizha raibva nehasha.
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Ndakasvika muNew York mwedzi mishomanene chete hondo yeIraq isati yatanga. Vanhu vekuAmerica vairatidzika kunge vakatsamwira nyika yese, vakatsamwirana, kana zvese zviri zviviri. Mabhuku mashanu epamusoro paNew York Times anonyanya kutengesa rondedzero mwedzi wandakatanga aive: Bush paHondo (Bob Woodward's hagiographic account yepost-9/11 White House); Murume Akarurama (Bush aimbove munyori wekutaura anorondedzera gore rake rekutanga muWhite House); Mufananidzo weMhondi (Patricia Cornwell paJack the Ripper); The Savage Nation (iye ari rightwing radio talkshow host anoponesa America kubva "kurwiswa kwakasununguka pamiganhu yedu, mutauro uye tsika"); uye Hutungamiri (Republican aimbova meya weNew York Rudolph Giuliani's post 9/11 kukunda lap).
Hapana kumbova nenguva yakanyarara kubva ipapo. Kutanga kwaive nejingoism yehondo yeIraq, uye kusarudzwazve kwaGeorge W Bush muna 2004, Hurricane Katrina, kuodzwa mwoyo nehondo yeIraq, "Minutemen" anti-immigration vigilantes, mukuru wepro-immig "ยกSรญ se puede." !โ kuratidzira, VaBarack Obama, Sarah Palin, kuparara kwehupfumi, Occupy Wall Street, Tea Party, kusarudzwazve kwaVaObama uye kukwira kuri kuita kurwisa rusaruraganda. Kuva mutorwa kwakaita kuti zvinhu zvose izvi zvinakidze. Mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mutsika, ndakasarudza divi. Asi, pakutaura, zvaive zvakaita seanthropology. Ndakazviona sebasa rangu rekuyedza kunzwisisa US: sei vachena vachena vakavhota vachipesana nezvavanoda? Ko vazukuru vevakabva kune dzimwe nyika vakava sei vasingafariri vatorwa? Sei vanhu vakaodzwa mwoyo naObama iye akange avimbisa zvishoma? Kutsvaga mhinduro kwaipenya, kunyangwe ndisina kumboiwana kana kusaifarira.
Asi kureba kwetsika kwandaiita somuBritain ndiri kune imwe nyika kwaiita sechinhu chakasanganiswa chekusakundika uye kusaonekwa. Ndaizvifunga ndiri mudiki semunhu aitora chikamu pane aiona. Ndichishuma kubva kumaruwa kuMississippi muna 2003, ndakamira kuti ndibvunze nzira pamba pemumwe murume nemukadzi vechirungu, uye vakatyisidzira kundipfura. Ndakafunga kuti izvi zvaisetsa. Ndakadzokera mumotokari yangu ndokuityaira - asi handina kumbofunga kuti vangandipfura. Kupenga kwakadii ikoko? Ndichisvika kumba ndakaudza mukadzi wangu nemuramu wangu, vekuAfrica American. Vabereki vavo vakakurira kuSouth pasi pekusarura; nanhasi, vamwene vangu havana kumisa mota yavo kuMississippi chero chinhu kunze kwepeturu. Havana kumbofunga kuti zvaisekesa zvachose: chii chandaifunga kuti ndiri kuita pasi pano, ndichimira kuti ndibvunze vachena vekare vekumaruwa Mississippi mafambiro?
Asi, pane imwe nzvimbo munzira, ndakava nemari. Icho chaive chikamu chenguva: pandakasvika pakuziva vanhu - pane kungovabvunzurudza - ndakasvika pakuenderana nenyaya idzi zvakanyanya. Kana mumwe munhu ari padyo newe achinetseka nekurwadziwa kusingaperi nekuti haana hutano hwehutano, akabaiwa hwindo rekubikira nepfuti kana asingakwanise kushanya kumusha kwavo nekuti havana magwaro, hukama hwako nenyaya dzakaita sekuvandudzwa kwehutano, kutonga kwepfuti kana kutamira kune dzimwe nyika kunoshandurwa. . Kwete nekuti maonero ako anochinja asi nekuti kuziva uye kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu hakupi kusimba kwakafanana nekuve nacho muhupenyu hwako.
Asi mari yangu yakanga iri pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu. Pakupera kwesvondo muna 2007 kuti Barack Obama akazivisa chigaro chake chemutungamiri wenyika, mwanakomana wedu akazvarwa. Makore matanhatu gare gare, takava nemwanasikana. Kazhinji ndakachengeta matauriro angu echiRungu. Asi mutauro wangu une chekuita nevana ndeweAmerican reflexively: manapukeni, strollers, pacifiers, recess, candy nemabhuruku marefu. Ndakangove mubereki pano - basa iro marererwo angu muEngland haapi nzvimbo chaiyo yekunongedza. Mamwe manheru echirimo, makore mashoma mushure mekunge tatamira kuChicago, mwanasikana wedu ainetsekana kuti agadzikane uye saka mudzimai wangu akafunga kutora nzendo pfupi kuenda kuchitoro cheko kuti amubate kuti arare mumutakuri. Pakudzoka kwaive nepfuti mumugwagwa uye aifanira kutsvaga pekugara mubarbershop yeko. Apo sinou pakupedzisira yakanyunguduka gore rino pfuti yakaraswa yakawanwa mumukoto seri kwepaka yedu yomunzvimbomo uye imwe yakaoneka mumukoto seri kwechikoro chomwanakomana wangu. Mazuva angu ekuti ndionekwe ainge apera. Ndakanga ndichishanda nekuchengeta vana, makambi echirimo, zvikoro, kushanya kwachiremba, mapaki nevamwe vabereki. Zuva ratakaunza mwana wangu kumba, imwe nyaya muNew York Times yakaratidza kuti muAmerica โmurume mutema anosiya chikoro chesekondari ane mukana wakapetwa ka60 wokuzviwana ava mujeri pane ane dhigirii reBachelor. Pakutanga, ndakaona kuti zvinonakidza uye zvinonetsa. Zvino yakanga yava yega. Ndaive neganda mumutambo. Ganda dema mumutambo umo maodd akaturikidzana nawo.
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Kukwira kwaObama, ndakaudzwa nevakawanda uye kazhinji panguva yedanidziro yake, aichinja kusawirirana uku. Pese pandaibvunza kuti "How?" hapana aigona kunyatsotaura. Asi kuvapo kwake chaiko, vakasimbirira, kwaizopa chiratidzo kumwanakomana wangu navose vakafanana naye. Handina kumbozvitenda izvozvo. Kutanga kwazvose, munhu mumwe haakwanisi kubvisa rusarura rwamazana amakore, pasinei zvapo nokuti ane simba rakawanda sei rezita. Chechipiri, kupihwa masangano achaiswa VaObama - anoti bato reDemocratic Party nemutungamiri wenyika - paizongove nezvakawanda zvaaigona kana kuita. Aive achishuvira kugara pamusoro pehurongwa hwakazadzwa nezvipo zvemakambani umo zvigaro zvekongiresi zvinoiswa pachena uye 41% yekamuri yepamusoro inogona kuvhara chero chinhu. Vakanga vari mumiriri anofambira mberi anofanirwa kuve mutungamiri wenyika, izvo zvinoti zvakawanda, zvichipihwa dzimwe nzira, asi zvinoreva zvishoma, kana zvichinge zvichidikanwa kuti zvigadzirise zvakanyanya nyaya dzakadai serudzi nekusaenzana.
Kunongedza izvi pakati pehoopla yekumiririra kwake kwakakuita kuti uite seEeyore. Ndakafara paakakunda. Asi neimwe nzira ndaisazombofa ndakafara sezvaifungwa nevamwe vanhu kuti ndingadai ndakafara. VaObama pavakarova Hillary Clinton kuSouth Carolina Democratic primary - mudunhu rekutanga kumaodzanyemba kubuda mumubatanidzwa, izvo zvakakonzera hondo yevagari vemo, uko mureza weConfederate uchiri kubhururuka pamusoro peguta uye muchena wepamusoro akapfura vatendi vapfumbamwe chechi yevatema โ mhomho yevanhu vaiimba vachiti โRace doesnโt matterโ. (Kushevedzera kusinganzwisisike, sezvo zvaive chaizvo nekuti aive mumiriri mutema kuti vaishevedzera; hazvina kuita semhomho yaHillary ingadai yakashevedzera chinhu chimwe chete dai akakunda.)
Zvinaniso zvekufananidzira zvesarudzo yaObama zvaive pachena. Kwemakore maviri ndaisunda mwanakomana wangu achitenderera mungoro yake yakakomberedzwa nemufananidzo wemunhu mutema wakanyorwa nemashoko okuti โTariroโ uye โShandukoโ. Gore rimwe kana kuti kupfuura pashure pokunge Obama auya kuhofisi, mwanakomana wangu akanga ane zuva rokutamba neshamwari yechena ine makore mana okukura iyo yakasimudza musoro kubva kuna Thomas wake Tank Engine ndokuudza mwanakomana wangu kuti: โWakasviba.โ Chaive chinhu chine musoro kuti mwana wezera iroro ataure - aiona musiyano, kwete rudzi. Asi mwanakomana wangu paakanditarisa achida kundiziva, ndakanga zvino ndave nemuseve mutsva mugoba rangu kuti ndidzivise chero dambudziko raigona kuitika. โNdizvozvo,โ ndakadaro. "Zvakafanana nemutungamiri wenyika."
Asi mabhenefiti akakura akanga asingawaniki. VaObama vakagara nhaka dambudziko rehupfumi iro rakarwadza vanhu vemuAfrica muAmerica kupfuura mamwe nharaunda. Kusiyana pakati pevatema nevachena basa nehupfumi kwakakura mukati memakore ake mashoma ekutanga uye haasati ambodzikira kubva ipapo. Muna 2010, ndakashandisa iyi anecdote mukoramu nenzira yekunongedza kukosha kwekufananidzira kwekuve nemutungamiri mutema. "Chokwadi, chimwe chinhu," Ndakanyora. "Asi kana Thomas adzoka muchiteshi akachengeteka uye nguva yapera, hazvina kunyanya. Nekuti paruzha rwese ruchena rwunobva mubato reTea Party, vanga vari vatema vekuAmerica vakanyanya kutambura kubva VaObama vatora chigaro. Mukati memwedzi 14 yapfuura musiyano uri pakati pemikana youpenyu yomwanakomana wangu neyeshamwari yake wave uchikura.โ
Chirevo chekupedzisira ichi chaive chokwadi chisingarambiki sezvo chaive negakava. Ndakanga ndisati ndataura kuti mwanakomana wangu angangoita zvakaipa, kungoti mukana wake wekubudirira wakanyanya kuipa kupfuura mwana waaitamba naye, uye kuti aiwedzera kuipa. Chidzidzo mu2014 akawana kuti mudzidzi wepakoreji mutema ane mikana yakafanana yekuwana basa semuchena akasiya chikoro chesekondari. "Sezvo kuderera kwehupfumi kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi," New York Times yakaratidza kwangosara mwedzi mishoma kuti mwanakomana wangu atange kutamba, musiyano pakati pevatema nevachena hurovha โwakatonyanya kutaurwa kune avo vane madhigirii ekukoreji, zvichienzaniswa nevasina. Dzidzo, zvinoita sekunge, haina kuenzana nhandare - kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita sekunge yakawedzera kusaenzana. " Asi kuramba tichiti rusaruraganda rwaizokanganisa upenyu hwomwanakomana wangu kwakavhiringidza vamwe vaverengi.
โUpenzi,โ akanyora kudaro mumwe mutsinhiri. "Chimiro chako chepakati-kati zvinoreva kuti ramangwana rake richave rakafanana neshamwari dzake chena kupfuura chero mwana murombo mutema." Mumwe - mubatsiri weGuardian, zvisingaite - akapindirawo achiti: "Kuti iwe uti kubatwa kwakagovaniswa paruvara rweganda chete hakuna hunhu. Mwanakomana wako anogona kuita zvakanaka, kutaura zvishoma. Ane zvakawanda zvezvakanakira munyika. "
Mhinduro dzakadai dzakaratidza kusaziva kwakazara pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemarudzi munyika yakaparadzaniswa seUnited States. Kirasi inoita mutsauko mukuru, hongu: iyi iAmerica. Tine hutano, mabasa, dzidzo yekuyunivhesiti nemotokari; tinogara munharaunda ine zvikoro zvine musoro, masupamaketi nemarestaurant. Muchidimbu, tine zviwanikwa uye saka tine sarudzo.
Isu hatina, zvisinei, sarudzo yekusave vatema. Uye munguva ino uye ino nzvimbo haisi diki chinhu. Iko hakusi "kureva kugovaniswa kwakagovaniswa", kuziva chokwadi chehupenyu. Kirasi inopa huwandu hwemaropafadzo; asi haisi chisimbiso chinokudzivirira kubva kune zvimwe zvese. Dai zvanga zvakadaro, vakadzi vakapfuma vaisambobatwa chibharo uye vakapfuma ngochani vakaroora vaigona kuroora pasi rese.
Kutomboyedza kuve nehupenyu hwevatema hwakashongedzwa hwairehwa nevashori ava, taitofanira kuita zvakawanda kupfuura kungonakidzwa nemaakaundi edu ekubhanga uye kuwedzera hupfumi hwedu hwetsika. Taizofanira kugara munzvimbo ine vamwe vanhu vatema vashoma, sezvo nharaunda dzevatema dzine mapurisa asina ruremekedzo rwakakwana nokuda kwoupenyu kana kuti rusununguko; kuendesa vana vedu kuchikoro chine vamwe vadzidzi vashoma vechitema, sezvo zvikoro zvizhinji zvevatema zvichiwana mari shoma; vaudze kuti vasapfeke chero chinhu chinovabatanidza netsika dzevatema, sezvo kuita izvi kunovaita kuti vanyanye kunyorwa; vaudze kuti vasasanganiswa nevamwe vana vechitema, sezvo vangangogara munzvimbo chaidzo uye vachienda kuzvikoro chaizvo zvataizoedza kutiza; uye usarega vana vachibuda kunze kwasviba, sezvo kuva vaduku uye vatema zuva ranyura kunoita kuti mapurisa afungidzire kuti waita kana kuti wava kuda kuita chimwe chinhu.
Ndaza yacho inogona kuenderera mberi. Hapana kana imwe yeiyi maitiro ekuzvisema yaizopa chero vimbiso, hongu. Rusaruraganda runoita zvarinotaura papacket; inosarura vanhu nemhaka yerudzi. Inogona kuve yekupokana mukusarudza kwayo munhu akabatwa sezvo iri systemic mukuita kwayo. Uye kunyangwe isingashande yega (asi mumubatanidzwa nekirasi, murume kana mukadzi uye ruzhinji rwemamwe mavara ane hutsinye), inogona kushanda yakazvimiririra. Hapana achange achitarisa account yangu yekubhangi kana hunyanzvi pavanenge vachitarisa vana vangu.
Trayvon Martin aifamba nemunharaunda ine gedhi apo George Zimmerman akamuroverera mbavha ndokumupfura akafa. Clementa Pinckney, seneta wedunhu reSouth Carolina, anga ari mune imwe yemakereke eCharleston ainakidza apo Dylann Roof akamuponda iye nevamwe vasere.
Handisati ndambosangana chete nemuAfrica muAmerica aifunga kuti vaigona kuzvitengera zvakanakira murungu weAmerica; Handisati ndasangana nemumwe anofunga kuti vanogona kutozvitenga kubva mukuipa kwekuve mutema. Zvese zvaunogona kuita kudzikamisa maodds. Uye kana mumwe chete pavatatu vakomana vatema vakazvarwa muna 2001 akarongerwa kujeri, izvo zvisingaite zvakaipa. Kuve nemunhu mutema muWhite House hakuna kuchinja izvozvo.
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Mazuva mazhinji, paki iri padyo nesu inoita seSesame Street. Vana vachena, vatema uye veVietnamese vekuAmerica vachikwira, vachitsvedza uye vachitsvedza. Dzimwe nguva, kunyanya pakati pevhiki masikati, vechidiki vanouya. Kufanana nevechiri kuyaruka munyika dzekumadokero, vanofinhwa, vakatyoka, vane nyanga uye vakarasika. Ivo havadi kugara pamba, asi havakwanise kuve chero kupi kunodhura mari, uye saka vanouya kunzvimbo yeruzhinji zvakanyanya kuenzana nezvavanoda, kwavanopinda mumaswing anoitirwa vana vadiki uye majee, flirt nekupopota. Nguva nenguva vanopika uye vanoita mhirizhonga - asi hapana chinhu chisingagone kuitwa nemunhu mukuru nekungovakumbira kuti vadzikise mutauro nekuti pane vana vadiki. Oo, uye mupaki iyi vechidiki vanowanzova vatema.
Kuvapo kwavo zvechokwadi kunochinja mafungiro. Asi nguva chete pazvinozonyanya kunetsa ndipo panouya mapurisa. Mapurisa ari nani paanotaura navo, akanyanya kuipa anovabvunzurudza. Chero nzira, kuvapo kwevanhu vakashonga, vakapfeka yunifomu munzvimbo yevana iyi zvinoshungurudza uye hazvina basa. Vana vadiki nevatsva kupaki vanofungidzira kuti pane chakaipa chakanyanya kuitika kuti mapurisa avepo; vakuru (zvandinoreva avo vane makore manomwe zvichikwira), uye avo vagara vakajairana nechibooreso vanongokwenya: mapurisa ari mupaki yedu zvakare. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti ndeipi mhinduro yakaipa.
Pane imwe nguva, vamwe vachiri kuyaruka pavakanga vakanyarara zvavo mamwe masikati, ndakatanga kukurukura nemumwe mukadzi wechichena. Mwanakomana wake aive akaenzana nezera rangu, tose taigara pedyo uye hapana wevana vedu aifanira kuyambuka mugwagwa kuti asvike kupaki. Takanga tichikurukura kuti zera ripi rataifunga kuti zvakakodzera kuti tirege vakomana vedu vauye vega. โChinhu chacho ndechokuti, hauzivi kuti kuchava kwakanyarara here kana kuti ma<em>junior gangbangers achange akatamba-tamba,โ akadaro, achinongedzera kupwere dzakanga dziri pakubhembera.
Ndakaoma mate mukanwa. Pese pandinenge ndanyora nezvekupondwa kwemapurisa kana muverengi mumwechete anondiyeuchidza kuti vanhu vatema ndivo vangangouraiwa nevanhu vatema. Izvi ndezvechokwadi uye hazvina basa. Chekutanga, nekuti vese vekuAmerica vanogona kuuraiwa nevapanduki verudzi rwavo, saka chii chimwe mhando "hutsotsi hwevatemaโ inofanira, nenzira yakarurama, kungonzi utsotsi. Asi zvakare nekuti vanhu vatema havana, ne dint ye melanin yavo, vakapihwa kuchengetedza nekushandira veruzhinji. Mapurisa akadaro. Mumakore gumi apfuura ndakashuma kubva munharaunda dzakawanda dzine hurombo, dzinogarwa nemarudzi ose, kwandakanzwa ndisina kuchengeteka. Izvozvo hazvina kundiita kuti nditye vanhu vatema kana rimwe boka ripi neripi; zvangondiita kuti ndiseme hurombo uye tsika yepfuti zvakazara, sezvo iri musanganiswa une muchetura unotyaira mhosva nekuiuraya.
Ini nemukadzi uyu taive takatarisa vana vamwe asi tichiona zvinhu zvakasiyana.
โChii chinoita kuti ufunge kuti vachazova matsotsi?โ ndakabvunza. Akabva akwenya. Hurukuro yakazonyanya kuoma mushure meizvozvo.
Kune chikamu chenzanga yevachena - chikamu chakafara chinosanganisira vanaamai vanoshamwaridzana vanozotaura kune vatema vasingazivi seni mupaki - vanonzwisisa vana vatema sekutyisidzira kwekuzvarwa. Kupfuura maghetto akapatsanurwa uko vashoma vachena vanoenda, kuvapo kwepwere dzevatema sezviri pachena hakungoratidzi mukana wedambudziko asi kusvika kwaro. Apo George Zimmerman akaona Trayvon Martin, haana kuona mukomana ane makore 17 okuberekwa achifamba kumba achibva kuchitoro. Akaona mumwe munhu โainyumwiraโ, โzvisina kunakaโ, waaifunga kuti ndiye ane mhosva yekuba nguva pfupi yadarika.
"Fucking punks," akaudza mapurisa, achireva Trayvon. "Mhungu idzi, dzinogara dzichitiza."
Chokwadi vana vatema havatomboonekwa sevana zvachose. MuGoose Creek, South Carolina, mapurisa akada sampuli dzeDNA kubva kuvadzidzi vaviri vepachikoro chepakati mushure mekunge vakanganisa neanofungirwa ane makore makumi matatu nemaviri. Mushure mekuurayiwa kwaTamir Rice - mukomana ane makore gumi nemaviri okuberekwa akapfurwa akafa nemapurisa kuCleveland mushure mekunge mumwe munhu amuzivisa kuti airatidza pfuti "zvichida zvemanyepo" - mutauriri wemapurisa akati imhosva yake. "Tamir Rice ari kukanganisa," akadaro. โAri kutyisidzira. Ari 32ft 12in, 5 pounds. Aive asiri mwana mudiki uya wauri kuona pamifananidzo. Iye ane makore 7 okukura mumuviri mukuru.โ Paaipupurira pamberi pedare guru revatongi mukupfurwa kwaMichael Brown muFerguson, Darren Wilson akarondedzera murovi wake semhuka kupfuura zera ramakore 191 okukura: โAkanditarira kumusoro uye aiva nechiso chine hasha zvikuru. Nzira chete yandinogona kuzvitsanangura nayo, inoita sedhimoni, ndiko kushatirwa kwaaiita.โ Kunyangwe mushure mekunge Wilson apfura Brown akaramba achimuratidza semunhu wenyama uye wepamoyo. โAkange ave kutoda kudhumha pfuti, kunge ari kupenga kuti ndiri kumupfura. Uye chiso chaaive nacho chaitarisa nemukati mangu chaimo, sokunge ndakanga ndisipo, ndakanga ndisina kana chimwe chinhu munzira yake.โ
Humbowo hahungori ngano. Imwe ongororo gore rakapera yakabudiswa muAmerican Psychological Association's online Journal of Personality and Social Psychology yakaratidza kuti vachena vekuAmerica vainyanya kukoshesa zera revakomana vatema vanopfuura makore gumi neavhareji yemakore mana nehafu; vachena vakapindura vakafungawo kuti vana vatema vaive nemhosva kupfuura vachena kana vaLatinos, kunyanya kana vakomana vaifananidzwa nemhosva dzakakomba. โVana munzanga dzakawanda vanorangarirwa kuva muboka rakasiyana rine hunhu hwakadai sokusava nemhaka uye kudikanwa kwokudzivirirwa,โ akanyora Phillip Atiba Goff PhD, yeYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Los Angeles. "Ongororo yedu yakawana kuti vakomana vechitema vanogona kuonekwa sevane mhosva yezviito zvavo pazera iro vakomana vechichena vachiri kubatsirwa nekufungidzira kuti vana havana mhosva." Mwanakomana wangu akareba maererano nezera rake; izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvaunofunganya nazvo.
Pasina nguva ini nemudzimai wangu tisati tatanga kuona mwero wekuti vamwe vakuru vechichena vainzwa vaine kodzero yekupopotera vana vechitema - mungave mumugwagwa, kana nzendo dzechikoro - pakukanganisa kudiki kana kufungidzira.
Zhizha rapfuura, masikati ndakasvika kumba kubva kunotaura nezvemhirizhonga mushure mekufa kwaMichael Brown muFerguson, Missouri, paive nebhachi nemimhanzi papaki yeko. Ndakatora vana. Paki ine chinhu chemvura chinopfura jeti dzakanyorova kubva pasi uye kupfapfaidza vana muzvitubu kubva kumativi ese sezvavanenge vachikwasva vachitenderera. Vadiki vanosvuura zvipfeko zvavo zvemukati ukuwo vakuru vachingotutirana chero zvavanazvo. Rakanga riri zuva raipisa zvikuru uye mwanakomana wangu nevamwe vana vakati wandei vakanga vachirwa mvura - nyaya yakashata ine kukuvara kushoma kwechibvumirano kune avo vasina kubatanidzwa kunze kwekusaswa kusinganzwisisike. Pane imwe nguva, achitsvaga mukwikwidzi wake mukuru, mwanakomana wangu akarovera mumwe mukadzi pagumbo rake. Akamupopotera sekunge akanga amurova nechidhinha.
Ndakaona nyaya yese ndichibva ndamhanya.
"Dambudziko nderei?" Ndati.
โTarirai. Andivharisa mvura,โ she shouted.
Ndakatarisa. Ainge angotota. Asi kunyangwe aiveโฆ
โIwe wakamira mupaki yevana, zuva rinopisa, pedyo nenzvimbo yemvura,โ ndakadaro. "Gadzirisana nazvo. Ingorega kumupopotera.โ
โUsandiudza zvokuita,โ akapopota.
โIye zvino wava kundipopotera,โ ndakadaro. "Chimbomira."
"Ndiwe ani iwe?" akadanidzira.
"Ndini baba vake avo."
โHausi munhu, ndizvo zvauri,โ akapopota. "Hapana."
* * *
Imwe yenyaya dzekutanga dzandakataura pakusvika kwangu akanga ari mariro aMamie Till Mobley, amai vane makore 81 okukura vaEmmett Till. Muna 1955 Mamie akatuma mwanakomana wake ane makore 14 okukura, Emmett, kubva kuChicago kuenda kumaruwa eMississippi kuti anopedza zororo rake rechirimo nemhuri. Akamutakura nenyevero yokuti: โKana uchifanira kupfugama ndokukotama apo murungu anopfuura,โ akamuudza kudaro, โzviite nokuzvidira.
Emmett haana kutevedzera zano rake. Ari mudhorobha diki reMari, mudunhu reDelta, aiti โBye, mwanaโ kana mhumhi akaridza muridzo mukadzi wechichena muchitoro chegirosari. Mushure memazuva matatu mutumbi wake wakareveswa murwizi rweTallahatchie nebara mudehenya, ziso rakaburitswa uye huma yake yakapwanyika kune rimwe divi.
Kurera mwana mutema munzanga ine rusaruraganda kunopa mamwe matambudziko. Kune rumwe rutivi, unoda kuti vadade uye vavimbe nezvavari. Kune rimwe divi, iwe unofanirwa kuvadzidzisa kuti vari panjodzi chaizvo nekuda kwezvavari, mukuziva kuti kuziva nezvekusagadzikana uku kunogona kuponesa hupenyu hwavo. Tiri kuedza kurera vana vanozvivimba kwehupenyu hurefu, kwete ma hashtag ekuuraya.
Kutsanangura maitiro akaoma ezvakaitika kare uye emagariro anoita kuti kutamba kwakadaro kuve kwakakosha hakusi nyore panguva dzakanakisisa. Kuita kuti zvinzwisiswe kumwana zviri pedyo zvisingabviri pasina kurerutsa kwakakomba uye kutema makona. Pane imwe nguva, mukati mokufamba kwedu kwemaminiti gumi kuenda kukireshi, mwanakomana wangu akabvunza kana taigona kutora imwe nzira. "Sei?" ndakabvunza.
"Nekuti nenzira iyoyo vanomisa vakomana vese vatema," akadaro.
Aitaura chokwadi. Kanenge kaviri pavhiki taipfuura majaya evatema achirohwa kana kuti kusungwa, kazhinji munzira yokudzokera kumba. Aivawo nemakore mana, uye kusvika panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti akanga atozviona. Ndakaedza kuita kuti anzwe akachengeteka.
โZvakanaka usazvinetse. Iwe uneni uye havasati vachizotimisa,โ ndakamuudza kudaro.
"Kuregererei?" akabvunza.
โNemhaka yokuti hapana zvatakaita,โ ndakadaro.
"Vakaita sei?" akabvunza.
Aive neni. Kubva ipapo takatora imwe nzira.
Pandakabvunzurudza Maya Angelou muna 2002, akandiudza kuti kurwisa kwaSeptember 11 kwegore rapfuura kwakanzwisiswa zvakasiyana neAfrica America. โKugara mumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa kwakanga kuri chinhu chitsva kuvachena vakawanda muAmerica,โ akadaro. โAsi vanhu vatema vave nemakore anopfuura 400 vachigara munyika mune hugandanga.โ Ndiyo mamiriro ekutyisa aya akaiswa pachena makore mashoma apfuura.
Mapurisa emuAmerica nevezvenhau "vanoburitsa" chiitiko ichi chemazuva ese nenzira imwechete iyo vechidiki vanowana bonde - nekukurumidza, nemoyo wese, nehutsinye uye nekusangwarira, nekuzvida kukuru asi kunokosha kuzviziva kushoma. Vagara vachizviziva asi neimwe nzira kana vasangana nazvo, zvakadaro zvinovashamisa.
Vhiki randakasvika, muna Zvita 2002, mutungamiriri wevashoma veSeneti, Mississippi Republican Trent Lott, akasiya chigaro chake chehutungamiriri mushure mekunge ataura muhurukuro kuti America ingadai iri nzvimbo iri nani kudai munhu anosarura Strom Thurmond akakunda chigaro chemutungamiri muna 1948. vezvenhau vemazuva ose havana kuona chinhu chinoshatirisa mune izvi - sekunge yaingova mhando yechinhu chingataurwa neseneta wekumaodzanyemba. Zvakatora mablogger kuti aite nyaya. Sezvandinonyora, dzimwe nyika dzekumaodzanyemba dziri kukakavadzana kuti vochengeta here mureza weConfederate uchibhururuka panzvimbo dzehurumende nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana - sekunge zvakatora vanhu vapfumbamwe kufira pamusuwo wavo kuti vanzwisise zvirevo zverusarura.
Zvinoita sekunge nhoroondo yemazana emakore yekusaenzana kwemarudzi inonetsa kubvuma, kunze kwekunge sechinyorwa chemuzasi, kusvika yaonekwa nenzira inoshamisa, sezvayakaita mushure meDutu reKatrina kana kuratidzira muFerguson. Panguva iyoyo vakafinhwa vanoerekana vanyadziswa. Munyika inodada nekugara ichienda mberi, pfungwa yekuti "vachiri kubata neizvi" inonzwa sekuzvidza kurudzi rwenyika. Ndosaka kukwikwidza kwaObama kwaive nechikumbiro chakareruka uye chinosimudzira kune vazhinji vekuAmerica. Sokutsanangura kwandakaitwa nemukuru wedzidzo uye 1970s Angela Davis muna 2007, yaimiririra "muenzaniso wekusiyana semusiyano usingaite mutsauko, shanduko isingaunze shanduko".
Ichi chiitiko chechangobva kuitika chekumuka kwemarudzi chatora nguva yakareba kupfuura vazhinji. Kwemakore maviri apfuura, kurambidzwa kwehutsinye kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva kune vamwe vanhu munyika ino kwave kuoneka uye kusingarambike kune avo vasina hukama nekukurumidza. Asi hapana chitsva chakaitika. Pave pasina kuwedzera kwehutsinye hwemapurisa. Chii chitsva ndechekuti vanhu vari kutarisa. Uye nekuda kwehunyanzvi hutsva (kureva democratization yekugona kuita firimu uye kugovera), vane zvakawanda zvekutarisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chikamu chakakosha chevachena America chinotsamwiswa nekuona izvo zvayakanga yambosarudza kusafuratira, nepo vashoma asi vachiri hukuru uye vashoma vanotaura vachiri kuramba kutenda maziso avo.
* * *
Handisati ndamboona zvichinyanya kubatsira kuenzanisa rusaruraganda - sekunge kumwe kuratidzwa kungave kuri nani pane kumwe. Nzanga yega yega, zvisinei nekuumbwa kwayo kwerudzi, ine hurongwa hwekupindirana uye hwakarukwa. Kusimbirira pamusoro pehukuru hweumwe pamusoro peumwe kunoratidza kuti kune rusaruraganda kunze uko kwakakodzera kuve - nhangemutange kusvika kuzasi isina nzvimbo yetsika.
Muna June 1998, apo kubvunzurudza kwevoruzhinji pamusoro pekupondwa kwaStephen Lawrence kwakafumura mumwe wemienzaniso inonyengera yerusaruraganda rweBritain, nhau dzakasvika kubva kuJasper, Texas, pamusoro pekupondwa kwaJames Byrd. Byrd, wekuAfrica muAmerica, akanga atorwa nevarume vatatu, mumwe wavo waaiziva uye vaviri vacho vaiva vachena. Panzvimbo pokumuendesa kumba, vakaenda naye kumugwagwa uri kure wokumaruwa, vakamurova, vakamuitira weti ndokumusungirira necheni nezviziso zvake kurori yavo yokutakura vasati vamuzvuzvurudza kweinopfuura kiromita imwe kusvikira musoro wake wabuda. Vakabva vaenda kunogocha.
Mangwana acho, pamusangano wevatori venhau paGuardian waive nekurukurirano yekubvunzurudzwa kwaLawrence kwakateverwa nemhondi yaByrd, mumwe wevandaishanda naye akataura, nezvekuuraya kwaByrd: "Zvakanaka isu hatiite izvozvo pano."
โIzvozvo zvichanyaradza zvishoma kuna Doreen naNeville Lawrence,โ ndakafunga kudaro.
Ndine vazukuru vakawanda muUS kupfuura vekuBritain. Vari kuita zvakanaka. Pane imwe nguva ndaida chaizvo kutamira kuno. Nepo hurongwa uhu husina kumira mushe, hahusati hwandirova sehupenzi.
Ndichiri muAmerica, handina kupfurwa, kusungwa, kusungwa kana kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nehurumende. Ini handisi kugara munzvimbo dzakashama, dzisina basa dzekuora mwoyo kwehupfumi hwemaguta uko vazhinji veAfrica America vakasiiwa. Ndakapopotera mupaka, ndichiendeswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuchikoro, uye apo neapo ndakabatwa nevakuru vakuru vane rusaruro. (Ndichityaira ndichipfuura nemuMississippi kuti ndivhare Katrina ndakaenda paroadblock iyo vamwe vatori venhau vaive vapfuura nepairi nyore, ndokuzongoita kuti mupurisa arove pfuti muholster yake ndokunditendeudza). Zviitiko izvi zvinotowedzera. Havasi kuisa upenyu pangozi.
Ini handisi Michael Brown. Asi zvino Michael Brown akanga asiri Michael Brown asati apfurwa akafa uye akaita kuti mutumbi wake usiye mumugwagwa kwemaawa mana; Eric Garner aingova murume aiedza kutengesa fodya mumugwagwa asati adzipwa kusvika afa muStaten Island; Tamir Rice aingova mwana ane ruzha aiita mupaki mupurisa asati asvetuka kubva mumotokari yechikwata chake ndokumupfura mukati memasekondi. Kupfurwa nemapurisa kana ani zvake hazviitike mazuva ose evanhu vatema muAmerica.
Asi zvakazojeka zvichitevera chirevo cheDhipatimendi reJustice muchipurisa cheFerguson chaive chekunyanya uye kwakajairika kushungurudza uku. Kungotaura mienzaniso mishoma: pakati pa2007 kusvika 2014, mumwe mukadzi muFerguson akasungwa kaviri, akagara mujeri kwemazuva matanhatu uye akabhadhara madhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu semugumisiro wetikiti rimwe rekupaka raakabhadhariswa $550 pakutanga. Akaedza kubhadhara zvishoma - $151 kana $25 panguva - asi dare rakaramba kutambira chimwe chinhu chiri pasi pemuripo wakakwana, waaisakwanisa. Makore manomwe mushure mekukanganisa kwekutanga aive achiri nechikwereti chemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mana nerimwe - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo guta rakasimudza mari yaro. Yakanga isiri glitch muhurongwa; yaiva hurongwa.
Ipapo kwakanga kune mukomana ane makore 14 okukura uyo mapurisa eFerguson akawana mune chimwe chivako chakasiiwa, uyo akatandaniswa nembwa yakaruma chiziso chake noruoko rwake rworuboshwe sezvaaidzivirira chiso chake. Mukomana uyu anoti mapurisa akamurova mumusoro ndokuzoseka nezvazvo mushure. Mapurisa aya anoti aifunga kuti ane zvombo; akanga asiri. Vanoongorora veDhipatimendi reJustice vakaona kuti pese pairuma imbwa yemapurisa muFerguson, nyakubatwa aive mutema.
Pakabva paita murume uya akaburitswa mumba make nemapurisa mushure mekunge anzwa kunetsana mukati. Sezvavakamuzvuzvurudzira kunze akavaudza, kuti: โHamuna chikonzero chokundivharira.โ
โNigger, ndinogona kuwana chokukuvhara,โ mupurisa wacho akamuudza kudaro.
โWaita rombo rakanaka nazvo,โ murume wacho akapindura. Mupurisa uya akarovera murume uyu chiso kumadziro achibva awira pasi.
โMusafenda amai, nekuti handisi kukutakurai kuenda kumota yangu,โ akadaro mupurisa wacho.
Uyu waive mwedzi mumwechetewo Brown akaurayiwa. Dai pasina mhirizhonga yakatevera kufa kwaBrown, pangadai pasina kuferefetwa - tingadai tisina chatakanzwa nezvezvinhu izvi asi, nekuti hapana chiedza chakange chavhenekerwa pavari, mapurisa eFerguson angadai achienderera mberi nedanho rimwe chete re kusarangwa. Iyi yaive nzvimbo diki yepakati pekumadokero vashoma vaive vanzwa nezvayo - isingashamisi munzira dzese, zvinova ndizvo chaizvo zvinoita kuti zviri kuitika ipapo zvicherechedze. Kana zviri kuitika ikoko, saka zvaigona kuitika chero kupi.
Zvinopedza simba. Kana mavhidhiyo ehutsinye achienda kuhutachiona handikwanise kuvaona kunze kwekunge ndichifanira kunyora nezvavo. Ini handifanire kuvhundutswa - izvo zvakangofanana nekuti mavhidhiyo aya anobuda neakajairika zvekuti anomira kuvhundutsa. Dai kusiri kwekunakidzwa kwekuona chizvarwa chechidiki chisina kusimba ichimutsiridza tsika dzakanakisa dzerudzi rwekurwisa rusaruraganda, ndingadai ndakapererwa.
Kupopotedzana mupaki, mafambiro akadzokororwa kuenda kuchikoro, kushata kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva ndiwo magumo ekupedzisira ekuenderera mberi - ngoma isina kujeka iyo nguva nenguva inokwira mukukonana kwechisimba uye kunyange kutyisa kwevanhu. Sezvo chirimo chave chirimo, volume inoramba ichikwira.
โKutya,โ nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Arjun Appadurai anonyora kudaro mubhuku rake rinonzi Fear of Small Numbers, โchokutanga ndicho chinotyisa chokurwisa kunotevera.โ Hugandanga hahungogari mukuti zvinoitika, asi kuti munhu anosungirwa mukana wekuti zvinogona kuitika kwauri chero nguva. Vana vanomwe nevechiri kuyaruka vanopfurwa paavhareji zuva muUS. Ndichangopedza kunyora bhuku randinotora zuva rega rega ndichibvunzurudza mhuri neshamwari dzeavo vakaparara. Vechiduku gumi vakafa zuva randasarudza. Vasere vaive vatema. Vabereki vese vechitema vaiti vaifungidzira kuti izvi zvinogona kuitika kumwanakomana wavo.
Sokundiudza kwakaita mumwe baba vakafirwa, kuti: โUngadai usiri kuita basa rako sababa kudai usina kudaro.โ
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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