Kunobva: New Politics
Mufananidzo naMaria Litvin/Shutterstock
Kupinda kweRussia kuUkraine kwakasangana nemhinduro dzinoshamisa pachikamu chezvikamu zveUSA Kuruboshwe uye pakati pevazhinji vanofambira mberi. Nepo, kazhinji kutaura, pakave nekushurikidzwa kwakasimba kwekupinda kweRussia, panguva imwe chete pave paine tsika yekuregerera kurwisa kweRussia uye isa mutoro wehutsinye kuhurumende yeUS chete (uye NATO). Kuongorora kwakadaro hakusi kwechokwadi chete, asi kunobva mukukanganisa kwekuongorora kwakadzika midzi mukuderedza nyaya yose yekodzero yenyika kuzvitonga.
Sevanhu vaviri vekuAmerica vekuAmerica uye imwe Chicano, takagumisa kuti yave nguva yekutaura tichipokana nekusanzwisisana kwezviri kuitika muUkraine uye kuda kupembedza hutsinye hweRussia kana kusimudzira chinzvimbo chekusarerekera. Sevanhu vari vesocialist uye takabatanidzwa muhondo dzedu dzakasiyana dzegutsaruzhinji uye kuzvitonga, hatingango nyarara, kunyangwe izvi zvichitipesanisa nemamwe makomuredhi ataiziva, tichiremekedza, uye tichida kwemakore.
Isu tinotumira bepa rino kuitira kukurudzira hurukuro yakakura uye gakava. Hatifungi kuti maonero edu ndiwo mazwi ekupedzisira pamubvunzo uyu. Isu tinotenda, zvisinei, kuti kutadza kugadzirisa mubvunzo wenyika zvakonzera kukanganisa mukuongorora, zano, uye mhinduro nevakawanda pane yakakura Kuruboshwe uye mafambiro anofambira mberi muUSA.
Uri kudivi ripi?
Zviito zvehurumende yeRussia hazvigone kutorwa se "chiuto chakasarudzika." Vaimiririra kupinda munyika yakazvimirira pasina chikonzero. Zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise izvi uye kwete kuzununguka. mauto eRussia, uye kwete Mauto eNATO, akayambuka muganho achipinda munharaunda yakazvimirira yeUkraine. Ukraine haina kumbotyisidzira Russia.
Hapana mubvunzo asi kuti kuwedzera kweNATO kwave kuri zvisina kufanira. Muchokwadi, isu tingapokana kuti NATO, iyo yakanga isati yambova mubatanidzwa wekudzivirira, yaifanira kunge yakanyungudika pakangopera Cold War. Kuwedzera kweNATO kwakapikiswa nehutongi hwakasiyana hweRussia uye hwakanga huchitsamwisa.
Zvakadaro izvo zvisingawanzo kukurukurwa muUS Kuruboshwe denderedzwa chaive chishuwo chenyika dzaimbova Soviet bloc kubatanidza kuNATO nekutya mashure eUSSR yeRussia. Isu, kuUS Kuruboshwe, tinogona uye tinofanirwa kutsoropodza NATO, asi isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kutya uye kushushikana kwaive chii kune yaimbova nyika dzeSoviet bloc.
Irizve nyaya yekuti pakanga paine kushorwa mukati meNATO mukubatanidzwa kweUkraine. Kwete chete pakave nerutsigiro rushoma mukati meUkraine - 2014 isati yasvika - yekupinda muNATO, asi kusati kwapinda neRussia muna 2022, pakanga paine kupikiswa mukati meNATO mukubatanidzwa kweUkraine. Sezvo kubatanidzwa kweNATO kwaifanira kubvumirana, zvaisaita kuti chero matanho atore. Hurumende yaPutin yaiziva izvi.
Hutongi hwaPutin hunoti hwanga huri kuuya kuzobatsira matunhu akasarudzika ekumabvazuva kweUkraine. Kune matambudziko mashoma nekutaura uku, kutanga nenyaya yekuti muna 2014 Russia yakapinda muUkraine ndokutora Crimea, uye nekuwedzera yakamutsa kumukira kwesecessionist mudunhu rekumabvazuva, kusanganisira kupihwa kwemauto asina kuzivikanwa.
Dzimwe dzeshamwari dzedu dzakakakavadzana kuti maRussia akabata Crimea mukupindura kunofungidzirwa kuti inotsigirwa neUS-inotsigirwa muUkraine, kureva, kumukira kweMaiden. Vanotiwo kumukirana kwakaitika mudunhu rekumabvazuva kwaingozviitira ivo pachavo.
Zvinhu zvokutanga kutanga. Pane humbowo hushoma hwekuti Maiden 2014 yaive yekumukira kunotsigirwa neUS. Iyi yakanga isiri Chile muna 1973. Pakanga pane kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda kwaisanganisira masimba akasiyana-siyana kubva kure kure Kurudyi kuenda Kuruboshwe-uye vazhinji vari pakati-vakaita kupandukira oligarchs, huori, uye kudzorerwa kwechisarudzo chehutungamiri. kuvaka hukama neEuropean Union. Iyi yaive nyaya yemukati meUkraine. Mumwe anogona kuva nemafungiro pane zvakakonzera uye zvakabuda, asi fungidziro yekuti izvi zvakanyanya kutungamirwa nemanomano eUSA inoshandura vanhu vekuUkraine kuita zvidhori zviri nyore zvevekunze zvinobhururuka pamberi pechokwadi. Kunyange iyo USA inogona kunge yakatsigira imwe mhedzisiro yekumukira kweMaiden, tsigiro yakadaro haina kufanana nekuve bviro yekumukira.
Chechipiri, kutorwa kweCrimea kwaive kutyora kuri pachena kweBudapest Accords (1994) uko Ukraine yakaendesa zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya kuRussia - mukutsinhana nekuzvipira kuti Russia HAIZOFANI kurwisa Ukraine. Pfungwa yokuti Russia yakanga ine kodzero yekutora Crimea yakazvidza chokwadi chokuti nharaunda yakanga iri chikamu cheUkraine kubvira 1954. Pakavewo nekunyarara kunoshamisa zvikuru nezvikamu zveU.SA Kusara kune imwe chikamu cheCrimea mubvunzo: kusateerera kusava nehanya nemubvunzo weCrimean Tatars-vagari vemo-uye kuchinjwa / kubviswa kwavo nevagari veRussia (kudzokera kumazuva emutungamiri weSoviet Joseph Stalin). Hongu, pamberi pa1954 Crimea yaive chikamu cheRussia. Asiwo ndiwo mamiriro ekuti vagari vekuRussia vakadzimisa maTatars eCrimea akatamiswa, zvichibva zvawedzera kunetsa kuti munhu anofanira kunzwisisa sei 'Mubvunzo weCrimea.'
Sechinyorwa chepadivi, zvakataurwa kuti referendamu yakaitwa mushure mekutorwa kweRussia kweCrimea neimwe nzira yakaita kuti kubatwa kuve pamutemo. Izvi, tinozviona sechinzvimbo chinonakidza. Kutenda kuti referendamu yehukama hweramangwana hweCrimea kuRussia inogona kuitwa zvakasununguka nepo mauto eRussia achiiswa musimba rakazara, chaizvo chaizvo, nakisisa.
Chechitatu, secessionist mafambiro mu Donbas region zvinoratidzira zvemukati matambudziko Ukraine. Pave paine matambudziko akajeka edunhu uye emitauro mukati meUkraine kwenguva yakati rebei (munguva yepashure peSoviet). Mauto ekurudyi muUkraine akaedza kudzvinyirira kushandiswa kwemutauro weRussia. Mune inonzi People's Republics (mudunhu rokumabvazuva), nhamburiko dzakaitwa dzokudzima mutauro wokuUkraine nenhoroondo yeUkraine. Asi hapana humbowo hwekuti idzi dzinonzi โPeopleโs Republics,โ dzakavambwa muna 2014 nerubatsiro rweRussia, dzine chekuita nechido chepamutemo, chakakurumbira chekuparadzana; chokwadi, mwero wavo werutsigiro wakakurumbira wakanyanya zvinokanganisika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yaive Russia chete yakaziva idzi dzinonzi People's Republics, uye kuzivikanwa uku kwakauya manheru ekupinda kweUkraine. Izvi zvinoyeuchidza imwe yeBantustan/yakazvimiririra "marepublic" akagadzwa neapartheid South Africa senzira yepamutemo yekutamisa vanhu uye kutonga kwakazara pamusoro peSouth Africa.
Chechina, maererano nemutemo wenyika dzakawanda (uye Budapest Accords) pakanga pasina kodzero yekuti maRussia apinde muUkraine muna 2014 kana 2022. Chikonzero chakashandiswa nehurumende yaPutin ye neutralization uye de-nazification hapana chinopfuura sophistry. Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emukati muUkraine aive uye inyaya inofanirwa kutarisana nevanhu vekuUkraine, kwete nemunhu wekunze. IUS Kuruboshwe inofanira kujeka pane izvozvo, kunyanya tichifunga nezvekupokana kwayo neUS hutsinye kurwisa Afghanistan uye, gare gare, Iraq.
Chechishanu, Putin akapa yake gomba kadhi pahusiku hwekurwisa paakatsanangura Ukraine seโngano yenyikaโ uye akaenderera mberi achipokana nekodzero chaiyo yeUkraine kuvapo (kusanganisira nekupokana nedzidziso dzekuzvitonga kwenyika dzakatsanangurwa naLenin naStalin).
Chekupedzisira, kukwidzwa kwekudzivirira kana kubvumidzwa kwezvido zvedunhu reRussia kunenge kunosetsa pazvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga uye chakakosha, nguva yekupedzisira yatakaongorora, Kuruboshwe kwaisafanirwa kuve vanotsigira mativi esimba nenyika kana humambo. USA payakatsanangura Revolution yeCuban, Revolution yeNicaragua, nemamwe maLatin America neCaribbean (semuenzaniso, Grenada) mafambiro akasimba nehurumende sekutyisidzira zvido zveUSA, takaseka zvisingadzoreki uye takarwa nemaDemocratic akasiyana siyana. uye Republican manejimendi akataura zvisina maturo zvakadaro, zino uye mbambo. Asi, muchiitiko cheUkraine, kune vanoremekedzeka vari kuruboshwe avo vanokarakadza kuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti fariro dzenzvimbo yeRussia dzinofanira kuremekedzwa apo pave pasina tyisidziro kwavari kubva kuUkraine.
Pane chikamu chechipiri kune iyi, zvisinei. Nyaya yemiganhu yakatakura hurongwa hwechiuto munguva isati yatanga nyukireya apo mauto makuru epasi aiitwa, semuenzaniso, Operation Barbarossa (kupindirwa kweUSSR muna 1941). Nhasi, kuvhozhokera kwesimba renyukireya kunobva panyika hakubviri zvikuru. Asi, njodzi huru iri pazvombo zvenyukireya zvine hungwaru uye nehurongwa hwazvo hwekuendesa, pamwe nekutyisidzirwa kwehondo yemakemikari neyezvipenyu. Russia ine huru yenyukireya arsenal papasi uye nzira yekuendesa yekusimbisa iyo pfungwa. Kumasimba enyukireya, miganhu iri pedyo nekusashanda, pamwero wemauto. Kana zvasvika kune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehupfumi, zvisinei, miganhu inogona kuve yakakosha, ichinongedza munzira yezvimwe zvinokurudzira zvechisimba zveRussia.
Iko hakuna dziviriro yekupinda kweRussia iyo inopasa iyo yakatwasuka-chiso bvunzo. Kuedza kupembedza kupinda kwechisimba kwakavakirwa pakushoropodzwa kwehutongi hweUkraine mushure me1991 inofuratira kurambidza kwemutemo wepasirese pakupinda kwakadaro. Kupinda kweUnited Nations chete kwakatenderwa kupinda kwaizove kwakakodzera, sekuti chero munhu anoziva nharo dziri pamberi pekupinda muIraq 2003 US anganyatsoziva.
Zvakadini nemubvunzo weNyika?
Yakarasika pavazhinji vakasara vekuUS kwaive kukosha kwekupokana kwaPutin achipokana naLenin naStalin panhau yekuzvitonga kwenyika. Kunze kwekunge imwe yaive pamusoro penhoroondo yekutanga kweCommunist movement, yaigona kunzwika sekuongorora kwedzidziso dzechiKristu dzemuMiddle Ages.
Bato ramakomunisti reRussia risati rasvika 1917 rakazviwana ratarisana nezvinetso zvakati kuti, chimwe chezvainyanya kuoma kuva Humambo hweRussia pachahwo, hwaimborondedzerwa seโjeri remarudzi.โ The Humambo hweRussia Yakakura kuburikidza nekutorwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemarudzi mazhinji kubva kune yava kunzi Poland kusvika kuPacific Ocean. Humambo uhwu hwakanga husiri mubatanidzwa asi hwaive kuumbwa kwaidzorwa nevaidanwa kuti "MaRussia makuru," kureva, rudzi rweRussia neboka ravo rinotonga remamonarch/capitalist.
Lenin akarayira Stalin kuti atsanangure dzidziso pane yainzi โmubvunzo wenyika,โ kureva kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu emarudzi evanhu vakanga vatambura kudzvinyirirwa kukuru uye kudzorwa, munyaya iyi neRussia. Zvakaoma uye nyaya dziri mumhedziso yaStalin dzinopfuura chiyero chebepa rino kunze kwenzvimbo imwe chete: pfungwa yekuti nyika nevanhu vakatambura nekudzvinyirirwa uye kutonga. semarudzi (kusanganisira kusarura kwemutauro; kutya; kuzviisa pasi munzvimbo dzese zvichienzaniswa nerudzi rweRussia; kushaya simba rezvematongerwo enyika) vaive nekodzero kodzero yekuzvitonga. Kuzvitaura neimwe nzira, vangave vari vokuFinn, vokuUkraine, kana kuti vanhu veyaichimbova Turkestan, pakati pevamwe, vaiva nekodzero yokusarudza remangwana ravo pasina kuvhiringidzwa nemauto ekunze.
Nzira yekutanga yeSoviet yekodzero yekuzvisarudzira yenyika yaive itsva; zvirokwazvo, chimurenga. Yakave yakajekeswa mune pfungwa yekuti post-revolutionary nzanga inofanirwa kuve a mubatanidzwa yeSoviet Socialist Republics.
Putin aive akarurama kuti hutongi hwaStalin hwaive husingaenderane โ pazvakanakisa โ mukusvika kwayo kumubvunzo wenyika uye hapana mubvunzo kuti kwaive nehutongi hweRussia hwehurumende yeSoviet, asi hutongi ihwohwo hwaimbopikiswa. Paakanga ava musimba, Stalin akaratidza kufarira kushoma mukuenderana kwenyika kuzvitonga. Hutongi hwaStalin hwekuita kwemutemo wemibvunzo yenyika hwakabva kune hutsva- "national territorial delimitation" (kusikwa kwenyika-nyika umo vanhu vakambogara mumamiriro ehutongi, asi pasina kodzero inoshanda yekuzviparadzanisa) -kusvika pachena. tsotsi, semuenzaniso, kutamisa uye kubvisa hurudzi (kana kuzvitonga) mamiriro emarudzi gumi neshanu panguva yeHondo Yenyika II (kusanganisira maCrimean Tatars!) nekuda kwemaitiro anopikisa Soviet. Maitiro ekupedzisira aya aipesana nevavariro yakataurwa yaLenin yemubatanidzwa wekuzvidira wemarepublic akaenzana.
Kuita kwaPutin kwakaratidza zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakafanira kutaurwa mune ino mamiriro. Kutanga, NATO yaive kwete nyaya huru. Kunyangwe mupi wezano wezvekutaurirana asingagone angadai akaziva kuti akakurudzira kuti Putin atarise zvachose paNATO sechikonzero chake chekupinda senzira yekukunda, kana kudzoreredza maonero eruzhinji rwepasirese. Panzvimbo iyoyo, Putin akasarudza, panguva isina kukodzera, kupikisa kuve pamutemo kwenyika yenyika inozivikanwa pasi rose. Munhu anofanira kubvunza kuti, sei?
Chechipiri, Putin akataura chiono chake cheramangwana reRussia. Iri iramangwana rerudzi rweRussia rakabatana muRussia, Ukraine, neBelarus. Iyi haisi yeRussia yemarudzi akawanda, asi kutaura kweiyo ethno-nationalist Rashiya. Chiratidzo ichi chinonyatsoenderana nezvematongerwo enyika ehutongi hwaPutin.
Chechitatu, Putin pachake chigadzirwa cheaimbova Soviet midziyo. Zvisinei, akanga asiri muMarxist, asi mumwe munhu aigara achida kuva muKGB. Akashandisa kudzidziswa uye ruzivo rweKGB kuitira kuvaka mhando yetiweki uye chikuva chezvematongerwo enyika chinodiwa pakusimuka kwemasimba. Kutuka kwake Lenin naStalin kunoratidza kuvenga kwake chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika icho Lenin akanga achiedza kuita kuti agadzirise chokwadi che'jeri remarudzi.' Mhepo yakaratidza chimwe chinhu, kureva, revanchism yehutongi hwaPutin. Ndiko kuti, hasha dzehutongi hwaPutin mukupindura kukundwa kweUSSR muCold War, pamusoro payo Russia isingagamuchirwi zvizere mumubatanidzwa wepasi rose. Putin's revanchism inofanana neiyo yaitonga matunhu ekurudyi mushure meHondo Yenyika I Germany uko, mumashure mehondo, kurasikirwa kwemakoloni, uye kudzoreredzwa kwayakamanikidzwa kubhadhara, pakanga paine kudiwa kwembudzi uye chishuvo che Germany kuti itore izvo mativi ekurudyi anotendwa kuti akabiwa kubva kwavari.
Nekudaro, hutsinye hweRussia hunoratidzika kunge hwakabva kune chaiyo geo-zvematongerwo enyika vavariro yehutongi hwaPutin (yakasimudzirwa nerevanchism) yakasanganiswa neiyo ethno-nationalist yakatsoropodza mufananidzo weramangwana, mufananidzo wakakomba unogovana zvakanyanya zvakafanana neyeRussia " Vachenaโ masimba,โ kureva, bato rinopikisa rechimurenga, rekudzorera shure kweChimurenga cheRussia, kupfuura nekuedza kwesocialist kwakaedzwa.
Kukoshera kwekuongorora uku ndekwekuti inotarisa kumauto ari mukati meRussia akafambisa hutsinye uhu pane kuona Russia sesimba diki remaimperiya riri pasi pekuda nemanomano eUSA neNATO. Pamusoro pazvo, mukuongorora zvakanyorwa uye zvakataurwa nehurumende yaPutin, zvinova pachena kuti vavariro dzayo hadzinei nechokuita nekusarerekera Ukraine; vane hanya nekusagadzikana kwevaUkraine. Saka nekudaro, zvinoita sekunge maUkraine haana kodzero iyo hutongi hwaPutin hunosungirwa kuremekedza.
Makamba maviri achipikisa kudzvinyirirwa kwenyika?
Yakawanda yegakava mukati meUSA Kuruboshwe inotanga-uye inopera-nekutarisa kuUSA. Hurongwa huri nyore: USA ndiye muvengi mukuru wevanhu venyika; iyo USA yakabvumidza / yakakurudzira kuwedzera kweNATO; maRussia aipikisa kuwedzera kweNATO; saka, iyo USA / NATO yakatsamwisa kurwisa kweRussia.
Chinokosha chekuongorora uku ndechekuti nekuda kwekuti USA ndiyo muvengi mukuru wevanhu vepasi izvi zvinofanirwa kureva kuti ndiyo chete muvengi akakosha uyezve, kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu ega ega, kana USA ichinge yabatanidzwa, inofanirwa kunge iri honzeri huru yehuipi. mabasa.
Uku hakusi kuongorora. Zviri sophistry. Uye imwe mhando yehunyanzvi inoona kunetsa kuri paPasi sezviri pakati peUSA nevabatsiri vayo, kune rimwe divi, uye avo vanopikisa USA imperialism kune rimwe divi. Dzimwe nyaya dzese dziri pasi pekupokana uku. Zviri pachena mukuongorora uku ipfungwa yekuti ani nani anopikisa โ nekutaura kana kuita โ imperialism yeUS inofanirwa kuve shamwari yevanodzvinyirirwa uye, saka, inofanira kutsigirwa.
Iyi hurongwa haitarise humwe hupi hupi hwemamiriro ezvinhu uye haitarise zvinhu zvemukati mune imwe nyika imwe chete (kana munyika dziri kurwisana), panzvimbo iyo inopa ropafadzo dzekunze. Padanho rehuzivi uku kutyora kwema dialectics iyo inogara ichitsvaga kutanga kunzwisisa kwekupokana kwemukati uyezve inotarisa pane yakakura mamiriro.
Panyaya yeUkraine, zvikamu zveUSA Kuruboshwe zvakatsvaga mhinduro chete kuburikidza nezviitiko zveUSA asi vakatadza kuongorora zvingangoitika (kana chaizvo) zvinokurudzira zvehutongi hwaPutin. Sezvineiwo, ruzhinji rweKuruboshwe rwakanga rwakarasika nezve gadziriro yaPutin yekupinda muUkraine, ichikurudzira kwemwedzi yakati kuti Putin aingove nekunetsana uye kuti USA neBritain vaiyedza kumutsa mamiriro ezvinhu nekutaura kuti kurwisa kweRussia kwakamirira. Makomuredhi akakanganisa chaizvo.
Iko kupokana kwemukati kunosanganisirawo kutarisa hukama uye hwenhoroondo pakati peRussia neUkraine. Naizvozvo, kunyatsoteerera kumashoko aPutin uye ayo evanoparadzira mashoko ake anove akakosha. Hutongi hwaPutin hwaenda padanho rakakura kugadzirisa zvakare nhoroondo yehukama hweRussia neUkraine. Yaiva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kuti Putin akapokana naLenin naStalin. Putin haatendi kuti Ukraine ndiyo uye yakambove nyika; kwaari chikamu che a Greater Russia.
Avo vanofuratira mazwi aPutin, chokwadi, vane chekuita nekudaidzira kubviswa kweUkraine. Ivo zvakare vari kufuratira gakava renguva refu mukati meRussia neUkraine maererano nerudzi rweUkraine uye kuzvisarudzira. Zvine njodzi zvakanyanya, zvikamu zveKuruboshwe zvave kusvika padanho rekumbundirana ethno-nationalism kana kutadza kuzvisiyanisa kubva revolutionary nationalism.
Ethno-nationalism ndiyo yakakosha ikozvino mukati merightwing populism uye subset yayo, fascism. Inozivisa rudzi nedzinza pane dunhu, tsika, uye nhoroondo. Hitler akashandisa ethno-nationalism kuronga Anschluss (kutorwa kweAustria) muna 1938, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa kuti Sudetenland iende kuGermany neCzechoslovakia (zvakare muna 1938). Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ethno-nationalism yakatsemura iyo yaimbova multinational socialist republic yeYugoslavia uye yakabatsira mukupondwa kweRwanda kwakaitirwa vaTutsi nevamwe vavo pakati pevaHutu.
Hurumende yaPutin inotaura nezve ethno-nyika uye yakaratidza zvishuvo zvekuwedzera. Inotsvaga kubatanidza Hukuru hweRussia dzinza, pamwe nekugadzirisa zvakare miganhu yeyaimbova Humambo hweRussia. Rine zita reizvi: Eurasian-ism. Izvi zviri papfungwa yekugadzirwa kwedanda rakazvimiririra kubva ku "Atlantic" bloc yeU.SA, Canada, neBritain. Kunyange iyi iri fungidziro yakawanda, iri chirevo che-multi-polar chenguva yemberi yekutonga, isina kusiyana zvakanyanya pane inotsanangurwa muGeorge Orwell's. 1984.
Kurwira nyika yepasi rose kwave kuri mucapitalism uye kunyanya kana yasvika padanho reimperiya. Nepo panguva dzakasiyana-siyana imwe kana imwe nyika yeimpiriyasi yakabata hutongi, pagara paine kushandira pamwe nekupokana pakati penyika dzemacapitalist, sezvazviri pakati pemakambani makuru. Kuisazve Russia kwaPutin kunoenderana zvachose neizvi.
Nekudaro, mubvunzo unobva wangobuda ndewekuti gakava riripo pakati penyika dzema imperialist, uye kunyanya, kubuda kweanopokana neUS. ipso facto zvinoreva kuti masimba ekukakavara ari kuramba achienderera mberi uye anopokana nemaimperialist? Uyu hausi mubvunzo mutsva uye kune nhoroondo yeanalogue yakakodzera kucherechedzwa, yatichagadzirisa muchinguvana.
Zvakakodzera kuwedzera kuti imwe yemhinduro kukurwisa kweRussia, yakapihwa nevazhinji vakasiya vakaperera, ndeyekuti kunyangwe kurwiswa kweRussia kwanga kwakashata, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa nezve basa reUSA / NATO sezvo paine zvishoma zvingaitwe kupesvedzera. hutongi hwaPutin, asi isu tinogona kupesvedzera hurumende yeUS.
Pasinei nechinangwa, iyi ichokwadi gakava rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe rakaputirwa sepasi rose. Vekuruboshwe vakagara vachipokana nema imperialist adventures neU.SA, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika uko kwakanga kusina kubatanidzwa kweUS zvakananga. Kupinda kweItaly kuEthiopia, muna 1935, kwakanga kusina chokuita neU. Iyo 1936-39 Hondo yevagari veSpain yakaunzawo kumberi kwepasirese kudiwa kweUSA, Britain, neFrance - rimwe nerimwe simba rekoloni - kupa rubatsiro rwemauto kuhurumende yeSpain mukurwisa kwayo kwete kurwisa mafashist emumba, asi nekupindira zvisiri pamutemo kwe. Fascist Italy uye Nazi Germany. Kushevedzera uku kwakaitwa kunyange zvazvo rimwe nerimwe remasimba emaimpiriyasi aya rakanga richiita maitiro aro ehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Chokwadi, mumwe angadai akaita nharo kuti hapana chaifanira kunge chakakumbirwa kana kubvunzwa kuhurumende idzi chaizvo nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo. Bva, zvinodikanwa zvacho zvakaitwa zvichibva pakuongorora kupindira kwechiFascist/Nazi uye nerevo huru dzezvose zviri zviviri kupindira nokuramba kwacho.
Imperialism yeJapan uye "Pacific Movement yeEastern World"
Pashure pokukunda kweJapan Umambo hweRussia muHondo yeRusso-Japanese (1904-5) kumutsidzirana kwakanzwika mukati mezvematongerwe enyika enyika youkoloni uye semi-coronionial. Vanhu "vasiri vachena" vakakunda zvine mutsindo simba reEuropean imperialist nekushandisa kwakaoma kwehunyanzvi uye tekinoroji yemauto emazuva ano.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti humambo hweJapan hwaisimuka hwakanga hwagamuchira zita rahwo se '.MaAryans eAsia' (zita rakakurudzirwa neMutungamiriri weUnited States Theodore Roosevelt uye gare gare rakagamuchirwa naHitler), 'vanhu vane mavara' pasi rose, kureva, avo vakakomberedzwa kana semi-colonized, mune zvatinofunga nhasi seSouth yepasi rose, neWestern imperialism (kusanganisira asi isina kuganhurirwa kuUSA), akaona muJapan sosi yekurudziro. Mumwe aisafanira kuchera zvakadzika, zvisinei, kuti anzwisise kuti maJapan akanga achivaka umambo hwavo vamene. Ikoku kwakava kujeka zvikuru nokutorwa kweJapan kweTaiwan, Korea, basa ravo muHondo yeNyika Iโkutsigira vadyi venhando vokuMadokero mukurwisana navaGermany, nokudaro vachiwana nzvimbo dzezvitsuwa muPacificโuye gare gare, nevhozhokero nokupinzwa kweManchuria, kuchiteverwa nevhozhokero. yeChina yose.
Pasinei nehutsinye hweJapan, kwakaramba kuchikwirira kwavakapa kwete muAsia chete, asiwo muUnited States. Mukati meBlack America pro-Japanese manzwiro akabuda achipesvedzera masimba akasiyana siyana anosanganisira, uye zvinoshamisa, iyo huru WEB Dubois. Vazhinji vanyori vekuJapan vakazviona senyika yakasimba yakamira kune Western imperialism uye vakagadzirira kubvisa hudzvanyiriri hweJapan uye izvo zvinogona kungotsanangurwa seJapan. rusaruraganda vachipesana nevamwe vanhu vekuAsia, kunyangwe kudana kweJapan kwea Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
MuUnited States, the Pacific Movement yeEastern World yakava nzvimbo yekuronga yemafungiro e-pro-Japanese. Bato rinowanzotariswa zvakanyanya rakavakirwa muMissouri, rakadzidzwa nekuongororwa na Dr. Ernest Allen yeYunivhesiti yeMassachusetts-Amherst. Kunyangwe bato iri rakapunzika mukati meHondo Yenyika II, nhaka yaro yepfungwa yakapfuura kuvapo kwayo kwesangano. Sezvineiwo, aive macommunist ekuAsia munyika dzakaita seChina, Philippines, Korea, neIndochina vakafumura zvinangwa zvehutongi hwehumambo hweJapan hwekutanga, vachiratidza kuti humambo hweJapan hwaisamiririra nzira yekusunungurwa. MuUSA, Bato reCommunist raivewo pakati peavo vakapokana nemafungiro aya echiJapan.
Pfungwa yakadzika yekuti muvengi wemuvengi wangu ishamwari yangu yakatungamirira kuzviito zvisina kunaka zvekubatana munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatorwa nemaJapan kutanga muna 1931. Uye kusaona kwehutsinye hweJapan, semuenzaniso, kubatwa chibharo kwaNanjing, kunoyeuchidza nenzira inoshamisa maitiro mu iyo chikamu cheUS Kuruboshwe chakagadzirirwa kufuratira kuRussia imperialism, kungave muhutsinye muChechnya, hutsinye hwakaitwa kuburikidza nekupindira kweRussia kudivi rehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hweAssad mukumukira kwedemocracy yeSyria, kana nguva pfupi yadarika, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekupinda kweUkraine. Kutadza kunzwisisa zvinangwa zvehutongi hwaPutin kuri kukwevera zvikamu zveKuruboshwe zvine njodzi pedyo nenzvimbo yakatorwa neavo vakaona muhumambo hweJapan ruponeso rwenyika yekoloni uye semi-colonial.
Maonero e'muvengi wemuvengi wangu ishamwari yangu' haafanire kuve akanyanyisa seaya anobatwa neavo vangadai vakadyidzana ne/kana kupembedza imperialism yeJapan. Mumashure meHondo Yenyika II, masangano erusununguko rwenyika uye mapurojekiti eruzhinji (kukwereta izwi kubva kumushakabvu Samir Amin) muSouth yepasirese aiwanzopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nebato renyika dzemakomunisti uye nezvematongerwo enyika akasarudzika. Vatungamiri vazhinji vemasangano aya vakadzidziswa kubva kuUSSR, China, uye gare gare Cuba, pakati pevamwe.
Kazhinji aya mafambiro ehurudzi muSouth yepasi rose aitsvaga rusununguko kubva kune ese USA-nevabatsiri vayo-uye USSR-nevabatsiri vayo. Masangano aya akasimbisa kudiwa kwerusununguko uye rusununguko, asi munyika dzakawanda kwazvo idzi masangano anorwira rusununguko akatadza kuita chikuva chinoshandura zvizere.
Vatungamiri mune dzimwe nyika idzi, semuenzaniso, Qaddafi muLibhiya; VaMugabe muZimbabwe, vakasarudza kufamba tambo yakamanikana muHondo Yemashoko, vachichinjanisa kuzvipira kwavo uye zvido zvavo pakati pemubatanidzwa unotungamirwa neAmerica; USSR; uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, maChinese, nguva yose iyi achizivisa โkusarongeka.โ Mukati, mapurojekiti avo aive akasanganiswa bhegi. Kunyanya kuvimba nekutengesa kunze kwezvinhu zvechisikigo, semuenzaniso, oiri, yakakwanisa kuchengetedza, kwechinguva, mamwe emapurojekiti enyika. Tichifunga nezvekudyara kweupfumi hwenyika kusina kuenzana, kukundikana kugoverazve upfumi, uye kushaikwa kwemhatsa yeupfumi, tisingadudzi kusanzwisisanaโpachokwadiโkusimba revanhu, izvi zvakaratidza kuva zvine ngozi zvikuru.
Nekudaro, pakanga paine hutongi hwaive neruboshwe kana ruboshwe rwekutaura, kunyanya panyaya dzepasi rose, asi mudzimba dzaitevera nzira dzakasiyana uye kazhinji dzisiri dzechimurenga/dzisina mhirizhonga. Kutaura zvazviri, vanogona kuva vanodzvinyirira zvachose. Zimbabwe inyaya yekuti hurumende yaVaMugabe yakabvuma kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro akaita zvinhu, kunyange hazvo kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro akaita zvinhu kwaishoresa zvematongerwo enyika ehurumende nebato rayo riri kutonga. Mukupikisa kwakava nokudzvinyirirwa. Munguva ichangopfuura chimwe chiitiko chakafanana chakauya kuratidzwa muNicaragua negoko reyaimbova FSLN (Sandinistas) inotungamira nyika uye ichitevera nzira yakachengetedzeka yemagariro uye hupfumi, tisingarevi, kuita kudzvanyirirwa kwevanopokana.
Zvizhinji zveKuruboshwe kweUS zvakapesvedzerwa nekutaura kweanoti anopokana maimperialist nenzira inofananidzwa neiyo yemauto mazhinji ezvematongerwo enyika munguva isati ya1941 iyo yakafurirwa ne "anti-imperialist" rhetoric yeJapan imperialism. Paingove kana munhu akachera pasi pepamusoro apo munhu aigona kutanga kuwana pfungwa iri nani yechokwadi.
Hazvizivikanwe kuti kangani iyo US Kuruboshwe inofanira kudzidzazve chidzidzo ichi. Mumakore ekuma1970, National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) yakazviratidza kuUS Kuruboshwe vateereri sebato rerusununguko rinotungamirwa neMarxist-Leninist. Apo vaPutukezi vakabuda muAngola, muna 1975, UNITA yakaratidzira kuti ivo panzvimbo pacho vakanga vari vatsigiri vehurumende yorusaruro yeSouth Africa uye muvengi webudiriro. Zvakadaro ivo vaive vabudirira kupesvedzera vazhinji veBlack leftist kusvika panguva iyoyo. Kushaikwa kwekuongorora kwechokwadi kwakaguma nemhedzisiro isina kururama.
Kutarisa kuUkraine; kutarisa nyika
Mhedzisiro kubva pane iyi ndeyechokwadi. Chokutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha, tanga nechokwadi pamusoro pekuongorora kwekrete. Tarisa, kunyanya, pazvinhu zviri pasi izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuongorora mamiriro ekurwisana kwemapoka uye kumwe kurwisana neudzvinyiriri.
Mhedziso yechipiri ndeyokuti masimba ekunze haakwanisi kuunza rusununguko kunyange nevavariro dzakanakisisa. Iyi mhedziso yakasvikwa navaBolshevik veRussia panguva iyoyo muna 1921 apo vakatsvaka kuparadzira Chimurenga cheRussia nokurwisa Poland. Kunyanya, mamiriro eshanduko akange asipo muPoland uye Red Army yaisazokwanisa kuita chero chinhu pamusoro peicho kunze kwekuti- dai yakabudirira-kumanikidza kuda kwayo. Zvechokwadi, mushure meHondo Yenyika II ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika munyika idzodzo dzeEast Europe dzakanga dzisina kuzvisunungura (Yugoslavia neAlbania, zvisinei).
Chechitatu ndechekuti kurwisa nekukasira kunofanirwa kutarisisa kumutemo wepasirese uye mubvunzo wenyika. Mutemo wepasi rose, kunyanya mushure meHondo Yenyika II, wakajeka nezvehondo dzehutsinye, ndizvo chaizvo chikonzero nei mhinduro yeUSA kukurwisa kweRussia kuUkraine ine hunyengeri kana ichifananidzwa nekumira kwavo pahugaro hweIsrael munzvimbo dzePalestine uye kuiswa kwehudzvanyiriri. , pamwe chete nekugara kweMoroccan kwezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveWestern Sahara.
Mhedziso yechina ndeyekuti Putin akaita zvinopfuura chero mutungamiri munguva pfupi yapfuura kusimbisa NATO. Kubva pakunyora uku, Sweden neFinland vari kuvaraidza mukana wekupinda muNATO. NATO yaive, pachayo, chinangwa chemasangano akasiyana siyana muEurope uyo, nenzira kwayo, akazviona sezvisina kufanira uye zvehondo. Isu tave nemamiriro ezvinhu apo NATO iri kuziviswa uye mabhajeti emauto muWestern World ari kuwedzerwa-pane kubvumirana-nemhedzisiro yekuti zviwanikwa zviri kudiwa zvakanyanya kunetsa munharaunda zviri kushorwa kuitira kufarira 'pfuti'. Kupfuurirazve, kupindirwa kweRussia kwave kudzosera kumashure kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze nekufona kukuru kwemafuta efossil pane kuedza kubvisa kushandiswa kwefossil (uye kubvisa indasitiri yemafuta ezvicherwa!).
Mhedziso yechishanu ndeyekuti hutongi hwaPutin huri kuwedzera kutyisidzira kwehondo yenyukireya. Kuburikidza neoblique mareferensi ezviito zvikuru zvekutsiva, uye kuburikidza nekuratidzira kwekutyisidzira kwepakati penyika, hutongi hwaPutin huri kutaura izvo zvinogona kungoonekwa semutambo unopenga we 'huku' neNATO, ichisimbisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga, izvo simba ita pasi pemamiriro akakodzera. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakafanana nerevo yaRichard Nixon yakakurumbira iyo yakanga iri mukufarira kweUnited States iyo USSR neChina vaifunga kuti aipenga zvishoma. Dambudziko nderekuti kana zvichionekwa se'kupenga' kune akawanda angangoita mhinduro. Imwe mhinduro ndeye nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya, mamiriro ayo aripo kunyanya zvichienderana nezvibvumirano zvakasiyana izvo aimbove Mutungamiri Trump akasiya.
Pamusoro penyaya dzemitemo yenyika uye nekutyisidzira kwekuwedzera kuwedzera, zvinoramba zvakakosha kuziva hukama hwenhoroondo pakati pevanorwisa. Tichifunga nhoroondo refu yekutonga kweRussia pamusoro peUkraine, kusanganisira iyo inogona kungotsanangurwa sehukama-hukoloni pane dzimwe nguva, kupindira kweRussia hakugone kutariswa sedanho rakanaka nerimwe bato risingafarire. Asi, iko kuita kwehasha nesimba iro rakagara uye rakadzvanyirira vanhu veUkraine.
Nenzira iyoyo, Kuruboshwe kunofanirwa kumira nevanhu vekuUkraine vachipokana nehutsinye uye basa. Izvi hazvikurudzire kunofungidzirwa kuti 'kurwa kune wekupedzisira kuUkraine' - sekunge maUkraine angori akapusa zvidhori zvevekunze - asi, panzvimbo pezvo, kutsigira kurwisa kweUkraine kurwisa hutsinye uye kuzvisarudzira, kusanganisira kodzero yekuzvidzivirira. Solidarity nevaUkraine haina kumira neWest uye chimiro chayo chekunyengera kana basa riri basa. Kumira nevaUkraine chiitiko chekubatana kwepasi rose kwevakadzvinyirirwa. Uye kubatana uku kunofanirawo kusanganisira kubatana neavo vari Rashiya avo vari kupikisa hutongi hwePutin hudzvinyiriri uye hukasha.
Kudimikira Bhishopi Tutu, hapana nzvimbo yekusatora rutivi mukutarisana nekudzvinyirirwa. Kana kuti kuiisa mune imwe nzira, kunyangwe yakajairika nzira, vashandi uye vanhu vakadzvinyirirwa pasi rose, batanai!
Bill Fletcher, Jr. aive muvambi weBlack Radical Congress, aimbova purezidhendi weTransAfrica Forum, munyori & mubatanidzwa wevashandi.
Bill Gallegos agara kwenguva refu Chicano Liberation activist uye munyori we "The Struggle For Chicano Liberation," uye "The Sunbelt Strategy uye Chicano Liberation."
Jamala Rogers mukadzi wesocialist ane hukama hwakadzama muBlack Liberation Movement semurongi, nyanzvi, uye munyori.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta