Nyanduri, mushanduri, uye muratidziri weMoscow Kirill Medvedev, weRussian Socialist Movement (RSD), anotaura na LINKS International Journal yeSocialist RenewalFederico Fuentes nezvehondo yeMutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin paUkraine uye kuramba-hondo kuramba kumba.
Unogona here kutanga nekutiudza zvishoma nezveRussian Socialist Movement?
RSD yakaumbwa muna 2011 kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemapoka maviri eTrotskyist. RSD isangano rakapamhama kuruboshwe, rine nhengo dzinobva kumakomunisti anofambira mberi kusvika kune vezvegutsaruzhinji. Takaita chikamu chinoshingaira mu Anti-Putin kuratidzira kwe2012, inomiririra bapiro reruboshwe rebato rinopikisa iri.
Iyo RSD yagara ichifarira kubatanidza chirongwa chekirasi yechinyakare nenyaya dzekusaenzana kwevakadzi, ecology uye kodzero yeguta - mudzidziso nekuita. Isu takatsvaga kushoropodza chikamu chinopindura chenhaka yeSoviet tichikodzera divi rayo rinofambira mberi.
Sesangano takabatana nemasangano akazvimirira ega, takatora chikamu muzvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza, zvemumaguta uye zvevakadzi, takagadzira mapoka ekuverenga, kupinda musarudzo dzemanisipala, uye takatsigira vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana vachikwikwidza musarudzo dzemuguta nedzemubatanidzwa. Iyo RSD yaive chikamu chetiweki yaikurudzira kune vakamirira kuruboshwe Mikhail Lobanov musarudzo dza2021 dzeDuma. Kukunda kwake muparadziri Yevgeny Popov, kunyange akabiwa nevakuru vakuru, chaive chiitiko chinokurudzira kune vanopikisa veRussia.
Nhasi, chikamu chesangano redu chiri mukati meRussian Federation, nepo chimwe chikamu chiri kunze kwenyika.
Ndechipi chinzvimbo chakatora RSD pakupinda kwaPutin kuUkraine? Chii, mukufunga kwako, chaive chikuru kutyaira kuseri kwesarudzo yaPutin yekupinda nechisimba?
Isu tinoona iyi hondo sechiito chehudzvanyiriri nehutongi hwaPutin kurwisa Ukraine.
Basa guru raPutin nhasi nderekusimbisa hutongi hwake mukugadzirira sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika ye2024 kuitira kuti agadzwe zvakare kana kukwanisa kugadza mutsivi akavimbika. Muna 2021, chiyero chaPutin chakasvika padanho repasi payaive nayo panguva yake yese musimba.
Munzvimbo yevanorwira rusununguko rweWestern uye pro-Soviet Conservative Communist vanorwa pakati pavo, bato revanhu rakatanga kubuda mumakore achangopfuura. Iine chikamu chikuru chekutora chikamu kwevechidiki; chirongwa chekurwisa huwori, kugovera patsva uye kuendesa matunhu; uye kugona kuunganidza vanhu mumigwagwa uye kukunda musarudzo. Matunhu aya atowedzera kushanda.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Putin akaona Ukraine ichiwedzera kubuda munzvimbo yeRussia yesimba, uye akatya kuti mweya we [2014] Maidan [kumukira] waigona kupararira muRussia. Kuti awanezve mukurumbira wake, akafunga kuzvisimbisa se "muunganidzi wenyika dzeRussia" - basa raakatanga kutaura mushure megore ra2014.
Kururamiswa kwezvematongerwe enyika nokudaro kwakava, sezviri pachena, chikuru. Zvikomborero izvo zvimwe zvikamu zvebhizimisi reRussia zvinobva muhondo - kutora mabhizinesi eUkraine uye nyika dzakaorera, kutengesa kunze kwesimbi, mari yemauto-industrial complex - zvakakosha, asi mabhizinesi mazhinji akatambura nekuda kwehondo uye haaiti. tsigira kukwira uku.
Chii chaungatiudze nezve mamiriro ekurwisa hondo?
Kune marudzi akawanda ekupikisa. Kutanga, kune zviito zverunyararo zvinoitwa nevanhu kana mapoka asina kurongeka: kunyanya mapikiti ega ega kana anti-war graffiti. Chechipiri, pane kurwisana nechisimba: zviito zvakaita sekupisa nzvimbo dzekupinza vanhu basa rechiuto kana kukuvadza njanji. Mapoka eAnarchist akatora mutoro weizvi. Chechitatu, kune mapoka anotsigira varume vakaunganidzwa, vachida kuti vadzoke uye vachitsvaga vakashaika.
Vakadzi vanoita basa guru mukupikisa veruzhinji. Feminist Anti-war Resistance yakabatsira zvikuru avo vanopikisa muRussia uye avo vanomanikidzwa kutiza nyika. Kusafarira kunyorwa mune mamwe matunhu, akadai seDagestan, kwakonzera kuratidzira uko vakadzi vanotora chinzvimbo chepamusoro. Dare reMadzimai neMadzimai — iro rinoumbwa nemadzimai ari kuyedza kuponesa varume nevanakomana vavo kubva mukuunganidzwa kana kushevedzera kuti vadzoserwe kumusha — riri kukura zvine mutsindo. Chirongwa ichi chine hanya zvikuru nevakuru vakuru, nekuti chinokwezva kune zvakadzika zvidimbu zveruzhinji, kune avo vachangotanga kuita zvematongerwo enyika.
Vakawirwa nehondo iyi muRussia ndivo varombo zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kutora chikamu uye kurasikirwa muhondo iyi ye "nyika yeRussia" zvinofananidzira uye nehuwandu hwevanhu zvinorwadza zvakanyanya kune vasiri-titular [nyika duku] uye vashoma-mu-nhamba [vanhu vekuNorth, Siberia neFar East] munharaunda. Hurongwa hwekubvisa hukoloni huri kukurukurwa nezvahwo munzvimbo inopikisa iyi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, takaona matanho akatorwa nezviremera kukurudzira Russocentrism nekuibatanidza zviri pamutemo. Semuenzaniso, maererano nekugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, vatauri vemutauro weRussia vave "vanhu vanoumba hurumende". Hondo yekurwisa Ukraine idanho rakasimba uye rine njodzi munzira iyi. MaRussian socialist anotarisana nebasa rakaoma rekugadzirisa matrix eumambo hweRussia uye kutsigira kodzero yevanhu yekuzvisarudzira chaiyo, uku ichipa yakajairika nzanga, kirasi chikuva. Isu tinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti chirongwa chekubvisa koloni hachishanduke kuita kunetsana kweropa pamusoro pemiganhu yenzvimbo dzinonzi "dzemadzitateguru", asi kuti ive kurwisana kwakafanana kurwisana neparasitic oligarchy, imperial rusaruraganda uye patriarchy.
Masangano makuru emubatanidzwa wevashandi anotsigira hondo. Pane here chiratidzo chevashandi vanopesana nehondo kana mubatanidzwa kuronga pasi pemamiriro ehondo?
Hondo iyi inotsigirwa nemasangano anotsigira hurumende. Pasinei nehondo, masangano akazvimirira ari kuramba achimiririra kodzero dzevashandi dzakatyorwa zvakanyanya kubva pakatanga hondo. Kudzvinyirirwa kune vemubatanidzwa kwawedzera, asi izvi kazhinji hazvina hukama zvakananga nehondo.
Kirill Ukraintsev, mutungamiri wesangano revashandi reCourier, anga ari mutirongo kubva muna Kubvumbi nekuronga kuratidzira. Muna Zvita, Courier union yakaita kuramwa mabasa mumatunhu akati wandei. Pave nekudzvinyirirwa kumubatanidzwa wevashandi vekurapa, Action, mumwe wemibatanidzwa yakazvimiririra inoshanda zvakanyanya. Anton Orlov, Action coordinator muBashkortostan, ari mutirongo achipomerwa mhosva yekubiridzira. Vladimir Baranov, mukuru weAction muSt. Petersburg, akabvunzurudzwa uye akasechwa. Lobanov, wandambotaura, mutungamiri weUniversity Solidarity trade union. Achangobva kushumira Mazuva 15 mujeri zve "kuramba mapurisa" panguva yekusecha mufurati yake. Gore rakapera, akatongerwa kaviri pasocial media post yaiti "Kwete kuHondo" uye kune imwe yemhando yekirasi yehondo yaPutin.
Masangano evashandi, semafambiro ezvakatipoteredza, anoramba ari imwe yenzvimbo dzekuzvironga uye kuita pamwe chete munyika.
Kubva pakuona kwako muRussia, unoona sei nyaya dzekuendesa zvombo kuUkraine, kukakavara muDonbas neNATO?
Ukraine, senyika iri pasi pekupindira, ine kodzero dzese dzekugamuchira rubatsiro rwechiuto kubva kune chero munhu - semaKurds, uye seVietnam muma1960 uye '70s. Kunyanya sezvo Russia yave ichitengawo zvombo kubva kuMadokero kwemakore. Uye chishuwo chevavakidzani veRussia - vakashungurudzwa nenhoroondo yavo yekudyidzana neRussia - kubatana neNATO zvinonzwisisika.
Kana ari maDonbas, iyi inyaya inorwadza. Muna 2014, Russia yakatora Crimea uye zvikamu zveDonbas, zvichitora mukana wekuti vazhinji vanotaura chiRussia vaitaura chiUkrainian munzvimbo idzi vainetsekana nekukwira kweiyo kure-kurudyi mushure meMaidan. Kurwisa kweRussia kwakaita kuti vagari veDonbas vangangosvika miriyoni vatizire kunzvimbo dzisina vanhu muUkraine. Hudzvinyiriri hwePro-Moscow hwakavambwa mune dzinonzi "republics dzevanhu" yeDonetsk neLugansk, nepo Ukraine yakaita "basa rekurwisa hugandanga" kuti riwanezve matunhu, richiuraya vagari. Hondo yakazara-yakazara yakaburitswa neRussia muna 2022, sezviri pachena mukufarira kwevagari veanonzi "people's republic". Asi hazvina kuvaunzira chimwe chinhu kunze kwokuwedzera rufu, kuparadza, uye kumanikidzirwa kuunganidza. Russia inofanira kupedzisira yasiya chirevo chayo kumatunhu aya. Asi rugare muCrimea neDonbas mushure mehondo, kungofanana nerunyararo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasakadzwa nehondo, ibasa renyika dzakawanda. Inofanirawo kuva nehanya kune dzimwe nyika dzakasara.
Chokwadi ndechekuti hondo yeRussia yazvino kuUkraine ine muvambi mumwechete: hutungamiriri hweRussia. Midzi yaro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inorara mune reanimated yemambo stereotypes, vachiti maRussia, Ukrainians uye Belarusian vanhu vamwe. Asi tichiisa munhoroondo yemakore makumi matatu kubva pakaparara Soviet Union, hutungamiriri hweNATO hune mutoro wakakura wekuti takatarisana zvakare nemukana wekupokana nemauto pasi rose. NATO yaifanira kunge yakabviswa mushure mekudonha kweSoviet bloc. Kuvapo kwayo kunopfuurira kwakatakura shoko rakananga rokuti kwakanga kusina imwe nzira yokutsiva neoliberal capitalism.
Uku kushomeka kweimwe nzira kwakakonzera post-Soviet neoliberalism muRussia, uye pakupedzisira kuna Putin nehondo yake. Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe nzira yenhema, yekupindura kune yakasununguka kudyidzana kwepasi rose yabuda: chirongwa che "multipolar world" icho Putin nevamwe vake mune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana vanorota nhasi. Ino inyika umo vatambi vakuru vashoma vanokamura nyika kuita mativi esimba, vanokunda nyika dzakavakidzana, vasingakanganise kugona kwemumwe nemumwe kushandisa vanhu vavo, uye kubatsirana kudzvinyirira kusagutsikana kwemukati. Zvese izvi zvinoitwa muzita rehumwe hunokosha, hunofungidzirwa kuti hune "nyika" kana "hubudiriro". Putin akaona hondo neUkraine senhanho munzira iyi. Zvinotyisa kuti izvi zviri kuitika pasi pe anti-fascist, uye kunyange anti-colonial masirogani, ayo vazhinji vanotora mukukosha.
Mubvunzo mukuru wekuruboshwe uye we21st century mademocrats ndeokuti ungaona sei kuti hurongwa hunoramba huchikura hwekuzivikanwa, hwekuzvisarudzira vemapoka akasiyana, nharaunda, matunhu uye nyika hazvipindi munzira asi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose ane chekuita ne mamiriro ekunze, kusaenzana uye rudzi rutsva rwezvombo. [Kurdish shanduko] Abdullah Ocalan, achifunga nezve Kurdish yenyika chirongwa, akanyora nezve pfungwa ye "Democratic Confederalism”. Ndinofunga kukosha kwayo mune ino mamiriro kuchawedzera. Zvakadaro, chiitiko chemuzana ramakore rechi 20 chesocialism chinotiudza kuti hapana resipi imwe chete yenyika nemakondinendi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta