P
. Sainath anohwina mubairo
mutori wenhau anonyora nezveIndia. Ndiye mupepeti weRural Affairs
ari
Hindu
, rimwe remapepanhau anokosha eIndia.
"Ini ndinovhara vanhu vanogara pazasi pekupedzisira kweiyo spectrum,"
anoti. Ndiye munyori webhuku rinotengeswa zvakanyanya,
Munhu wese Anoda
Kusanaya Kwemvura Kwakanaka: Nhau kubva kuIndia's Poorest Districts
.
Ndakataura naye munaSeptember 2006.
BARSAMIAN: September 11, 2001 inogara ichinyorwa semantra
muUS Pane imwe Gunyana 11 inosanganisira Mahatma Gandhi.
SAINATH: Tichangobva kucherekedza makore zana eIndia 100/9.
Mahatma Gandhi panguva iyoyo aive gweta raidzidzira muSouth Africa,
vachimiririra muzviitiko zvakawanda zvichemo nenyaya dzemuIndia
munharaunda imomo. Hurumende yeSouth Africa yakanga yapfuura zvakanyanya
udzvanyiriri, mutemo werusarura uye pakanga paine kusagutsikana kwakapararira.
Gandhi akataura kumusangano musi waGunyana 11, 1906 muJohannesburg
yakapindwa nevanhu vanodarika zviuru zvitatu kwaakagadzirira
kekutanga dzidziso yake ye satyagraha, chokwadi nesimba re a
nonviolent form of resistance. Zvakashamisa vateereri vake vakawanda
munguva iyoyo. Mumakore akatevera Ghandi aifanira kurangarira izvi se
imwe yenguva dzakanyanya kukosha muhupenyu hwake.
Kwese kwaunoenda muIndia nhasi unoona zvidhori zveGandhi. Chii
nhaka yake?
Ndine dambudziko rekugara ndichitarisa kumashure chete kune zvakataurwa
muma1920 uye zvakataurwa mukati mesangano rekusateerera kwevanhu
kana panguva yeKusiya India kufamba. Handitendi kuti Gandhi ndiye
chete mutungamiri wehondo yerusununguko. Kana uri kutarisa zvidhori
uye neruremekedzo, uchaona kuti kune zvakawanda zvikuru zviumbwa zvaBaba
Saheb Ambedkar, PhD kubva kuColumbia University uyo akabuda kubva
mapoka asingabatike enzanga yeIndia.
Muchokwadi, musiyano uripo pakati peAmbedkar uye chero mumwe mutungamiri weIndia
ndezvekuti zvidhori zveAmbedkar zvinoiswa nekunyoreswa kweveruzhinji,
kwete nefatwa yehurumende. Kurwira rusununguko rweIndia kwakatipa zvakawanda
vatungamiri uye zvivheneko zvekumira zvakakura. Zvisinei, ndinofunga kuti
pazvinhu zvakawanda ndinoda kutarisa Gandhi naAmbedkar maererano
kuti vangaite sei kana kuti kunzwisisa kwavo kwazvino
mamiriro ezvinhu? Vaizoita sei zvino? Pane dzimwe dzepakati nyaya
yenguva yedu-kudzvinyirirwa kwevarombo uye vanonzi
vasingabatike-ndinofunga kuti nhoroondo yakaratidza kuti Ambedkar akarurama.
Ambedkar's prognosis yebasa raizoitwa caste mudemokrasi,
nezvekuti kushomeka kwedemocracy yehupfumi kungakanganisa sei democracy yezvematongerwo enyika,
zvakasimbiswa nenhoroondo. Gandhi aizoti kudii nenyaya yezvinyadzi
kusaenzana kwauri kutarisa munyika? Murume akati
kuti avo vanofa nenzara chimiro chimwe chete chingagona Mwari
shinga kuoneka ndicho chikafu. Ndicho chinhu chinonakidza kwandiri.
Unopedza yakawanda yenguva yako uchishuma nezvehupenyu hwemumusha. Ikoko
kwave kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi uye magariro mumaruwa eIndia
kubva pakatangwa iyo inonzi neoliberal economic agenda.
Chaunodaidza kuti neoliberal era — nguva yekusununguka,
kudyidzana kwepasi rose, uye privatization — kwave kuri kumwe kweanoziva
hurongwa hwehutsinye hwakaitirwa varombo vekuIndia. The zvinonyadzisa mwero
yekusaenzana kuripo uye kuti tichiri kusimudzira, isu
handisati ndamboona kubva panguva yehumambo hwekoloni pataive
akapinzwa muuranda uye akadzorwa neBritish. India nhasi iri pachinzvimbo chechi8
nhamba yemabhiriyoni ari munyika, asi 127th mukukura kwevanhu.
India inogona kunge iri kusimukira ingwe hupfumi, asi muIndia wepakati ane
tarisiro yehupenyu yakaderera kupfuura mumwe wake muBolivia,
Mongolia, uye Tajikistan. Yedu per capita GDP ishoma pane ye
Nicaragua, Vanuatu, neIndonesia. Ichi chaive chakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru
hurongwa neseti yemitemo yakatevedzwa mune mamwe akawanda
nyika. Aya marongero ndiwo akajairika maregisheni eNyika
Bhanga, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisation,
uye nevakuru venyika dzeThird World, vanofara kushandira pamwe
muchirongwa ichi chekuendesa zviwanikwa zvakakura kubva kune varombo kuenda kune vapfumi.
Izvi zvinoitika muchimiro cheIndia kana iri bapiro rekurudyi
Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP, kana izvo zvinodaidzwa
pakati nepakati, centrist Congress Party-kana pane musiyano?
Musiyano uripo pakati peCongress Party neBJP wakanyanya
pamusoro penyaya yemhirizhonga munharaunda uye yemapoka uye kupesana kwezvitendero
kukakavara. Iyi nzira yakatangwa muna 1991, panguva ino yekutanga
Minister panguva iyoyo vaive gurukota rezvemari.
Ndiye Manmohan Singh.
Mutungamiriri wehurumende aive PV Narasimha Rao. BJP yakabva yapinda
uye akatora nzira mberi zvakanyanya. Ipapo Congress inodzoka
uye zvakare inopinda munzira imwe chete. Muna 2004 vanhu vakaramba izvi
mitemo zvakasimba. Ndinofunga imwe yenguva dzinodada muIndia
sarudzo yedemocracy yaive apo 600 miriyoni vanhu vakaratidza pasi rose
zvinoreva democracy yesarudzo. Yakanga iri fantastic show yekuvhota
izvo zvakazunungusa rudzi. Zvakaparadza mukurumbira wekuvhota kwakawanda
masangano, zviteshi zveTV, uye pundits akafanotaura kuti neoliberal
kuchinja kwakafarirwa zvikuru zvokuti pakanga pasina mubvunzo kuti hurumende
yaizoramba yakabata. Panzvimbo pezvo, vadikani vokuMadokero, vokuMadokero
makambani, neUS, dzakakunda zvakanyanya musarudzo.
Vanhu vakaita saChandra Babu Naidu muAndhra Pradesh, saKrishna mukati
Karnakata. Asi, vasvika pakutonga pamusana pehasha dzekumaruwa
uye kunyangwe hasha dzemudhorobha, Congress yakabva yatanga kudzokera
kubhizinesi semazuva ese, neimwe kana maviri magadzirirwo nekuti ipapo
Parizvino pakanga pava neruboshwe rwakakura muParamende izvo zvakavamanikidza kuita
zvinhu zviviri zvakanaka, senge chirongwa chevimbiso yebasa
uye kodzero yekuwana ruzivo.
Ndeapi maitiro eiyo neoliberal agenda?
Pane zvinhu zvishanu kana zvitanhatu zvaungati zvakaitika kwese kwese
munyika, kusanganisira pamwe muUS Imwe yakakura kucheka paruzhinji
kushandisa chero chinhu chine chekuita nevarombo, sekurima mu
India, ichiteverwa nekubviswa kwehurumende kubva kuruzhinji rwakakosha
masevhisi, sehutano kana dzidzo kana kuverenga kana zvekufambisa,
ichiteverwa nefungu guru rekushambadzira kwezvinenge zvese,
kusanganisira njere uye mweya. Saka iwe une chido chiri kuwedzera
uye kurerekera divi rimwe chete kumakambani, ayo ane ropafadzo huru pane zvakajairika
vanhu. Une rubatsiro rwechikafu rwevarombo vari kuderedzwa. Iwe
kuve nekusimbisa kwese muzviwanikwa uye chikwereti chiri kupihwa kune
10 muzana yepamusorosoro yenzanga. Iwe unogona kuidana iyo yemahara musika fundamentalism.
Kupfungwa dzangu, rudzi rune ngozi zvikuru rweufundamentalisti munyika
nokuti rinowedzera mamiriyoni evatorwa kumauto evakatorerwa nyika
avo ipapo vanotapurwa nevanoomerera pakunamata.
Saka nepo India iri kutarisana nepamusoro-soro anonzi mazinga ekukura,
kunewo kuwedzera kukuru kwekusaenzana.
Pakave nekuwedzera kukuru mukusaenzana munharaunda yese.
Somuenzaniso, nzara. Sangano reFood and Agriculture Organisation
mishumo yeUnited Nations inoratidza kuti India pakati pa1997 uye
2002 yakawedzera vanhu vane nzara kupfuura nyika yose yakabatanidzwa.
Mhuri yepakati yekumaruwa muIndia nhasi inodya 100 kilograms
zviyo zvishoma pane zvayaiita makore mashanu kusvika kumanomwe apfuura. Kuwanikwa kwemunhu wega wega
chezviyo zvekudya, chinova chikafu chinowanikwa muIndia wega wega, chadonha
nemamiriyoni ematani, kubva pa510 gramu pamunhu weIndia muna 1991 kusvika ku437 gramu
gore rapfuura. Mufunge, ese aya maavhareji. Kana uri kutarisa
pasi pe40 muzana, kudzvinyirirwa kwezvokudya zvevarombo
kwanga kuri hutsinye.
Sangano reInternational Labour Organisation rakaburitsa gwaro nguva pfupi yadarika
izvo zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvine hunyengeri pamusoro pekushanda zvakanaka.
MuPakistan neIndia panguva yekuvandudzwa, kushanda
kushanda zvakanaka kwakakwira 84 muzana nepo mibairo chaiyo yakadonha 22 muzana.
Paul Krugman, mune yake chinyorwa "The Gilded Age," akapokana izvozvo
mikaha inonyadzisa pakati pemaCEO epamusoro nevashandiwo zvavo yaive njodzi
kwete chete kugarika kwehupfumi, asi kukuvadza kune democracy. Kana iwe
itai nevanhu vanenge vari varanda venyu, vachadaro
kukanganisa pfungwa yaunoshanda mairi uye kuenderana navo. Saka iwe
ita kuti Krugman ataure kuti, "Tarisa, geji rakwira pamusoro pe100
kusvika ku1, pamwe 1,000 kusvika ku1." MuIndia mukaha we30,000 kusvika ku1
ku1, kana iwe ukatora mihoro yevakuru vakuru uye avo ve
mushandi wepakati.
One
yezvinoitika zvinokatyamadza zviri kuitika mumaruwa eIndia
kwave kuri kuzviuraya pakati pevarimi. Inoenderana zvakananga nemitemo yehupfumi here?
Zvinonyanya kutungamirwa nepolicy. Ndiko zvakare kuratidzwa kwezviri
kuitika mune globalism. Kunyangwe izvo zvinotungamirwa nepolicy. Zvinotanga kumativi
pakati pemakore ekuma1990 uye nenzira diki inotanga kusvika 1998, 1999. Pakazosvika 2000.
kuzviuraya kuri kuitika mumatunhu anobata zvirimwa zvekutengesa,
izvo zvine chekuita nekusagadzikana kwemitengo yenyika. Iwo matunhu
uko mambure ekuchengetedza akabviswa nehurumende uye hurumende dzepakati
kuvarimi varombo. Sekureva kwehurumende, inzira
izvo zvaita kuti varimi vanopfuura 100,000 XNUMX vazviuraye pakati
1993 na 2003. Ndiko kusakoshesa kukuru. Hazviiti
funga nezvehuwandu hwematunhu ekuzviuraya, izvo zviri
zvakanyanyisa.
Zvinongotyisa kuona izvi zvichienderera nekuti ini ndinozviziva
Ndiri kuvhara vanhu vakasundidzirwa pamusoro pemucheto ne
kuparara kwemari yeruzhinji mukurima uye kubviswa
yehurumende panyaya yerubatsiro kuvarimi. The Agricultural
Extension Ministry yakavharwa, mayunivhesiti ezvekurima ari
kushanda semaappendages emakambani ekunze kwenyika dzakawanda uye vari
kwete kushandira varimi. Deregulation zvinoreva kuti Monsanto inogona
huya uchajise katatu zvazvinoda pabhegi
mbeu kusvikira yamanikidzwa nematare kuderedza mutengo wayo kusvika pachikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu
nezvezvazvaive—uye zvichiri kuita purofiti ipapo
mutengo.
Tsanangura kuti kuva nechikwereti kunoshanda sei.
India akanga ari mumwe wevakatanga kuita yatinoti social banking. Social
kubhenga zvinoreva kuti nzanga inoziva kuti kune dzimwe nzvimbo kubva
izvo zvausingatarisire purofiti mukukweretesa. Iwe haudi
kurasikirwa nemari, asi hausi kuedza kuita purofiti yakakura kunze
vevarimi kana vasina kudzidza kupuraimari kana kuti vasisashandiswi nenhumbu
vanaamai. Saka mune yesocial banking philosophy iyo India yakagamuchira
payakaita nyika indasitiri yemabhanga mukupera kwema1960, mabhanga
vakakweretesa zvikuru varimi, vachiziva kuti izvi
ndivo vanhu vanoisa zvokudya patafura yenyu, pandudzi
table. Pane imwe nguva takapinda munyika itsva yakashinga yekuchinja kwehupfumi,
mabhanga zvishoma nezvishoma akarega kukweretesa mari kuvarimi, zvakanyanya
kuitira kuti chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne3,800 kusvika ku4,000 emapazi ebhangi mumaruwa eIndia
yakavharwa mumakore ekuchinja.
Ko mari yavakatorera murimi chii chakaitika?
Yakaenda mukupisa kushandiswa uye mararamiro epamusoro gumi
muzana. Saka murimi haana kukwanisa kutenga tirakita kunze kwezvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana
kufarira. Asi ndinogona kutenga Mercedes-Benz pa4 muzana kana 5 muzana
mhindu pasina rubatso. Zviwanikwa zvakakura zvakatorwa.
Izvo zvakaitika kubva kupolicy. Saka sezvo izvi zvakaitika, varimi vakanga vachitendeuka
kuwedzera kune vanokweretesa mari yega. Asi maitiro ekugadzirisa
yakaunza mapoka matsva chose chose evakweretesi mari—kwete yako pachako
musha sahukar, uyo ari kunyatsocheka chimiro chinosiririsa
mazuva ano-asi vatengesi vatsva vemari mumhando yevatengesi vekushandisa,
vaya vanotengesa mbeu nemishonga yezvipembenene.
India yagara iri murimi uye mutengesi wedonje kunze kwenyika.
Chii chave kuitika muchikamu ichocho?
Ingwavaira chose, kunyanya mudunhu randakanga ndiri
kutaura, Maharashtra. Mukupera kwema1990s European Union, uye
kunyanya iyo US, yakakanda mabhiriyoni nemabhiriyoni emadhora
mumakambani avo anorima donje. Handichafona
ivo varimi vedonje nekuti aya mabhizimusi. Mitengo yedonje
dzaive dzakakwirira pakati pema1990 paNew York Cotton Exchange,
zvichida masendi makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika pamadhora 90 paundi. Mushure me1.10, mitengo yekotoni
tanga kudonha nekuti hurumende yeUS iri kuisa mari zhinji
mudonje kumakambani ayo kupfuura kukosha chaiko kwedonje.
Gore rapfuura, chirimwa chedonje cheUS chaive chakakosha chimwe chinhu chakaita mabhiriyoni matatu nemazana mapfumbamwe emadhora.
asi wakawana rubatsiro rwe4.7 bhiriyoni. Izvi zvakaenda kuvarimi 20,000 XNUMX.
Upfumi hwakavakirwa padonje, kubva kuVidarbha kuMaharashtra kusvika kudonje-yakavakirwa
upfumi hweWest Africa—Burkina Faso, Mali, Benin—ose
nyika idzi dzakadonha pasi pekurwisa kwerubatsiro urwu.
EU, iyo isina kurima donje rakawanda kudaro yakawanawo
muchiito. Saka nerubatsiro rwakakura urwu urikuona purazi
kuzviuraya pakati pevarimi vedonje muBurkina Faso. Murimi wechiIndia
inobudirira zvakapetwa kamiriyoni mukukura zvinhu izvi kupfuura US
makambani. Asi ndiani anogona kurwisa marudzi iwayo
rubatsiro?
donje
inyonganiso zvakare nekuda kwekusimudzira matekinoroji asina kukodzera
kumatunhu aya. Bt donje, semuenzaniso, ndizvo zvave Monsanto
kusimudzira muMaharashtra. Inodhura zvikuru kurima pane hybrid
donje, ndoda kurima organically. Saka iwe une izvi
kukwira kukuru kwemari yekupinza. Vanhu vaigona kubhadharisa chero chavanoda nekuti
yekudzikiswa kwemisika.
Imwe nyaya inokosha muIndia imvura.
Pepsi naCoke vakatanga kupinda mumusika weIndia.
waive musika wezvinwiwa zvinwiwa uchikura nekukurumidza pasi rose zvakadaro,
nekutenga makambani emunharaunda uye kuwedzera simba rawo uye
simba. Rimwe rematambudziko, zvakadaro, nderekuti aya anonyanya kushandisa mvura
maindasitiri munyika iri kusangana nekunetseka kwakanyanya kwemvura. Saka zvavo
mafekitari aratidzira kumaruwa uko akanyura Mwari ndiye anoziva
matsime mangani akadzika, akagadzirwa nemichina, anobvisa mvura kubva mairi
matsime akacherwa evarimi vechivanhu asingafambisi izvozvo
kudzika. Kwese kuIndia, kunetseka uye kusagadzikana uye mafambiro
rakapokana neCoca-Cola, nePepsi, kana chero ipi zvayo yenzvimbo
mugadziri wechinwiwa nyoro ndiye. Vanowana mvura yepasi inenge mahara. Ikoko
inzvimbo muMaharashtra uko makambani ekunwa zvinwiwa aiwana
mvura pa4 paise a litre. Hazvibviri kushandura 4
bhadhara mumasendi. Imari yakaipa; zvichida minus
10 cents kana zvakadaro. Vakabva vaisa izvi mubhodhoro,
iyo chete yakakosha yakawedzerwa ipurasitiki, uye itengese nemadhora gumi nemaviri. Kupamba
yemvura yepasi rave dambudziko guru uye saka pane zvakanyanya
makakatanwa akasimba uye chigumbu pamusoro pemakambani aya.
Kunze kweiyo, sangano reIndia risiri rehurumende, iyo Center
yeScience neEnvironment, yaive neshumo yairatidza kuvepo kwe
huwandu hwehuwandu hwemishonga yezvipembenene muzvinwiwa izvi. Izvozvo zvakatungamirira
kune kuwanda kwezviito zvehurumende. Hurumende dzakasiyana dzakaita basa
zvikonzero zvakasiyana. Vazhinji vavo vakabvisa Coke naPepsi muhurumende
masangano uye akavarambidza kubva kumasangano edzidzo. Mu
kumaodzanyemba kweKerala, nekuda kwenhevedzano yese yekunetsana nayo
Coke, hurumende ichangobva kusarudzwa ikoko yakarambidza Coca-Cola
uye Pepsi mudunhu rose, kusanganisira kugadzirwa uye kugovera.
Kurambidzwa uku kwakanzurwa nedare repamusoro renyika iyoyo.
Nekuda kwesimba, kune mukurumbira wakashata, ikozvino defunction Houston-based
kambani yesimba, Enron, iyo yakave nekubatanidzwa muIndia.
Enron akaburitsa gomba saizi yeTitanic muhupfumi hwe
nyika yakapfuma kwazvo munyika, Maharashtra, uko mamwe ese aya
matambudziko atanga tichikurukura anga achienderera mberi. Muna 1991 Maharashtra
yakanga ine bhodhi remagetsi enyika, iro rakanga riri rimwe remaviri bedzi mu
nyika yose yaiita purofiti. Nhasi magetsi enyika iyoyo
bhodhi iri mutsvuku mumabhiriyoni emadhora, vachimanikidzwa
kupinda muchibvumirano naEnron chakachiparadza. Enron, Bechtel,
uye GE vaive vatsigiri vechirongwa chinonzi Dabhol Power Corporation,
nzou huru chena yatakamboparura. Zvakakonzera
matambudziko akadaro ehupfumi muhupfumi hweMaharashtra kuti
zvaita kuti hurumende dzimise zvirongwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira masikati makuru
chikafu chevana vevanhu veko. Mapurogiramu ese iwayo
vakatambura nekuda kwekubhuroka kwehurumende yeMaharashtra.
Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezviuru zvemabhiriyoni emadhora ari pasi
the drain. Uye Enron akaramba ari mubatanidzwa wepamutemo muIndia kwenguva refu
mushure mekunge yadzingirirwa neFBI muUS
There
yaipikisa zvakanyanya kumapurojekiti makuru edhamu reWorld Bank muNarmada
Valley region. Izvo zvakakurudzira mamwe mafambiro here?
Hapana mubvunzo kuti kurwisa mapurojekiti eNarmada
yaive kurudziro huru kune akati wandei mamwe masangano achirwa
hondo dzakafanana. Zvakaitika, zvakadaro, ndezvenguva pfupi yapfuura
mutongo weDare Repamusorosoro reIndia wakapikisana nevaya vari kurwisana
dhamu. Mutongo unodzoreka zvakanyanya. Zvicharwadza
vanhu vazhinji uye vanoisa muenzaniso wakashata wematambudziko akafanana
pamusoro pekudzingwa.
MaIndia epakati nepamusoro epakati makirasi anotengeswa pane iyi pfungwa
ye techno fix, iyo tekinoroji neinjiniya zvinogona kupindura zvese
dambudziko munyika. “Aa, tine dambudziko remvura?
Ngatibatanidzei nzizi makumi matatu nenomwe. Nokuda kwaMwari, zvakatora
mamiriyoni emakore kuti nzizi idzi dzigadzirire nzira dzadzo
uye mainjiniya edu achaagadzirisa mumakumi emakore mashoma?
Kupenga. Asi pfungwa yokuti neimwe nzira unogona kudzora zvisikwa
ne engineering, ingave ma network emadhamu pa
Narmada kana kupi zvako, uye icharatidza njodzi.
Tiri
ndichiri kunetseka neiyi techno-fix mhinduro pane kutarisa
nyaya dzekuenzana mukugovanisa mvura, tichitarisa nyaya dzinokosha mu
kugoverana mvura. Nei pachifanira kuve nemazana emvura yekunakidzwa theme
mapaki muIndia anochera mvura kure nekunwa nekurima, kushandisa
mabhiriyoni emarita emvura, zvichida, gore rimwe nerimwe mukushandisa aya
mapaki ekuvaraidza uye mvura theme mapaki?
Paive nehurongwa hwekutanga makirasi egolf sechirongwa chekudya-basa
muRajasthan, iyo yakapfurwa mushure mekunge taita nyaya mu
Hindu
pairi. Avhareji yegorofu inotora pakati pe1.8 kusvika 2.3 miriyoni
litres emvura pazuva. Rajasthan kazhinji irenje. Pamari iyoyo
yemvura vanhu vemisha mizhinji vaigona kurarama mukati mese
mwaka wezhizha. Une matambudziko anoshamisa ekutora mishonga yezvipembenene
muzvokudya nemvura nenzira yakashata zvikuru kuvarimi'
ane minda yakavakidzana nemakosi egorofu aya.
Ndeapi mapoinzi ekupokana kune aya neoliberal policy?
Semuenzaniso, kune boka revarwi pakati nepakati nekumabvazuva
India
Rega ndizviise seizvi. Ndinofunga kune zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye
zvinhu zvakakura kwazvo zviri kuitika kupfuura kufamba kweNaxalite yauinayo
vari kureva. MaNaxalites aive nehwaro hombe muzvikamu
weBihar, Jharkhand, uye Andhra Pradesh. Zvakaitika ndezvekuti
kuti hurumende dzeAndhra dzakakuvadza zvakanyanya
zvakaipisisa zvokuti vakatizira kunyika dziri pedyo uye ikoko
zvinoita sekunge kuri kuita basa munzvimbo idzi. Paruzhinji hurumende
ita chinhu chikuru pamusoro pavo nekuti zvakanakira hurumende
kuramba tichiwedzera kutyisidzira kunosangana nevanhu. Ipapo unogona kugadzira
midziyo yako yekuchengetedza, unogona kuzvigadzirira kumazino, iwe
inogona kudzika mitemo inodzvinyirira uye inodzvinyirira, uye kumisa rusununguko rwevanhu,
sezvavakaita paKihatisigari.
Asi ngatiende kune chimwe chinhu chine tariro. Ndinotarisa pa
nyika nhasi uye ndinoona nyika isina kugadzikana uye isina kugadzikana. MaAmerican pamwe
akatanga kuona kuratidzira panguva yemusangano weWTO muSeattle mu
1999. Ndanga ndichifunga panguva iyoyo, imi munogara kupi? Ikoko
vanga vane chiuru cheSeattle muIndia, Latin America, Africa, uye
Asia. Kare imi musati mava neSeattle, vanhu vanga vari kunze vachirwa
kutengeserana uye kusaruramisira mumigwagwa yeDelhi, Mumbai,
Calcutta.
Izvozvo zvakati, ndinofara zvikuru kuti Seattle zvakaitika. Zvakapa
vanhu pfungwa yokuti chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kumira zvakanaka. Ndizvo
nyika isina kugadzikana. Tarisa kune shanduko yekuchinja muLatin America,
kudzvinyirirwa uye kubatwa pasi kwenguva yakareba. Tarisa chokwadi chekuti wako
mauto evanotenderera vanachiremba vakatumirwa kunokunda Evo Morales aisagona
dhonza. Tarisa pane chokwadi chekuti zvese zvakaedza, kusanganisira coups
uye chii, vakanyura muVenezuela. Zvose izvi zvinokuratidza izvozvo
nyika inzvimbo yakasindimara uye haidi kuroverwa
kumativi nyore nyore. Inodzokera shure.
Saka kune kuramba kukuru kuri kuitika muIndia. Varimi'
kuzviuraya inzira yekuratidzira uye yakaipa kwazvo. Asi ikoko
ndiwowo mafambiro evarimi vanotora hurumende munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana
apo nyika yavo yakatorwa nechisimba kune rimwe sangano.
Pane kuramba. Hunyengeri huchave, unoshandisa sei simba iroro
papurogiramu inobatsira vanhu?
Rangarira, zvakare, kuti muna 2004 India yakaratidza pasirese izvo zvegutsaruzhinji
Kupokana kwakange kuri apo 600 miriyoni vanhu vakadzinga hurumende
iyo yakashandisa classic neoliberal policy. Veruzhinji varatidza
kusvotwa kwayo, kuzvidza kwayo mitemo iyi.
India yaive nemukurumbira wegwara rakazvimirira rekunze, kunyanya
mumakore achangowana kuzvitonga. Ndeapi mafambiro aunoona
now ?
Panyaya yezvematongerwo enyika, ndinofunga kuti mataura chokwadi. India's
chimiro chanyura zvikuru pakati pendudzi dzaimbotarisa
kusvika kuIndia semutungamiri. Gore risati rawana kuzvitonga muna 1946, pasi
Pandit Nehru, India yakavhara hukama neSouth Africa mukuratidzira
against rusaruraganda ipapo. Takarasikirwa pakati pe5 muzana ne10 muzana ye
kutengeserana kwedu kwekunze kwese. Asi unozivei? Ndiri zvakanyanya
kudada nepasipoti yekare yeIndia, pasipoti yekutanga munyika
iyo yakati "Nyika dzese kunze kweRepublic of South Africa."
Saka ndirwo rudzi rwemutemo wekunze waipa India chimiro.
Ukabvunza Nelson Mandela kuti akatarisa nyika ipi, haadaro
ndikuudze US kana UK. Achakuudza kuti akatarisa kuIndia
mumakore aaive ari mujeri. Aiziva kuti India aizomiririra
nyaya yevanhu vekuSouth Africa. Iwe uchawana izvi mune zvakawanda
mativi enyika, kuti vanhu vakapesvedzerwa sei nehondo yorusununguko
chizvarwa cheIndia.
Makore gumi nemashanu apfuura akaona kusimuka kukuru kubva kuIndia
kumira akazvimiririra semutungamiri mune yainzi isina divi
nyika. Zvino isu takabatana. Kunyangwe iri pahondo yeIraq kana
pakupokana neIran, isu tiri kudivi re-I
handitaure kudivi reAmerica, ndichataura kudivi re
zvikamu zvakanyanya kuchengetedza zvekugadzwa kweUS. Ndizvo
kwatiri senyika mune mutemo wekunze.
Asi India haina kutumira mauto kuIraq.
Kwete nekuda kwekuedza. Hurumende yeBJP yenguva iyoyo yaive yakazara
vachida kutumira mauto. Ndinofunga mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende, rinhi
akashanyira US, akatoita chibvumirano chemuromo chaaizotumira
mauto. Asi veruzhinji veIndia havangave nazvo. India ine pa
zvishoma nehafu miriyoni vanhu kushanda zviri pamutemo uye zvichida
nhamba yakaenzana inoshanda zvisiri pamutemo muGulf. Fungidzira kuti chii chaizoitika
kumhuri idzo dzose dzikaitika kana hondo ikavapo. Chero zvazvingava,
sei tichida kurwa hondo dzevamwe? Takava nezvakanaka
hukama mumakumi emakore apfuura nevanhu veIran neIraq.
Uye takapotsa tadhonzerwa kuhondo isati iri yedu.
Muna Kurume 2006 George W. Bush akashanyira New Delhi ndokutaurirana
chibvumirano chine nharo neIndia. India haina kusaina kune iyo
Non-Proliferation Treaty. Kunyange zvakadaro, ine zvombo zvinoparadza zvakawanda.
Pane huwandu hwakakosha hwekupokana uye kugumbuka
chibvumirano ichi muvanhu veIndia. Zvinonakidza kuti tambo
yekusagutsikana inobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dze spectrum. Zvakawanda
veIndia vepamusoro masayendisiti enyukireya vanopokana nazvo zvachose.
Vanofunga kuti zvinovatorera rusununguko rwavo, zvinodzikisira rusununguko rwavo,
inodzikamisa kodzero dzavo negwara ravo muchirongwa chavo. Asi
chimwe chikamu chinongoshamisika, Nei tiri kupinda mune izvi zvachose?
Uye kune zvakare chikamu chaifunga nguva yese yenyukireya
kuputika yaive pfungwa yakaipa, sezvandinoita. Inoonekwawo sechikamu che
iyo yakazara Indo-US kumbundirana uye izvo zvinoita kuti kuruboshwe zvakanyanya
kusafara. Tiri kushushikana nezviri kuitika uye hatidaro
ziva nekuti hapana kujeka kune dzakawanda dzenhaurirano idzi.
Hatizivi kuti chii chakabvumwa kuti chii.
Chii chingaitwa nevanhu muUS kugadzira hukama nekubatana
kumaruwa India?
Ndinofunga inzira yekuzvidzidzisa pakutanga
nekuti pese pandinenge ndichitaura kuUS, ndiri kuwana
kuti vanhu vanoshamiswa chaizvo kuziva kuti ndiani anowana kurima
rubatsiro—kuti ndivo vanhu vakanaka vari mumakambani
izvo vanozviwana uye kwete varimi vari kunetseka muIowa kana Minnesota. Ivo
vakatyamadzwa kuziva rudzi rwezvinhu izvi zvinowana muChetatu
Nyika. Saka ndinofunga simba remakambani uye kukuvadzwa kwaari
kuita hupenyu hwevanhu muUS nekune dzimwe nyika chimwe chinhu
izvo vanhu vemuUS vanofanirwa kufungisisa. Iwe unogadzira sei izvo zvakajairika
pasi? Pamusoro pazvo, makambani akaparadzawo kurima kudiki
munyika muno. Saka, ndinofunga, inzvimbo yakakosha pairi
kudzora simba remakambani uko vatsigiri veUS vane vamwe
ruzivo uye inogona kushanda zvakanaka neavo vari muIndia uye muvanhu-kune-vanhu
mafambiro.
Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mumayunivhesiti akati wandei muUS maive nemijenya
yezviito zvekunzwira tsitsi kune varimi varombo muKerala uye Uttar Pradesh
kurwisana neCoca-Cola panyaya yemvura. Vashandi mune izvi
nyika yakakwanisa kuwana mayunivhesiti mashoma kuti arege kutengesa izvi
zvigadzirwa ndokutanga boycotts. Yaive yakakosha psychological
tsigira kana pasina chimwe. Asi zvakare inosimudza ruzivo rwenzvimbo
here. Kune imwe nyaya, mitemo yeWorld Bank, iyo
zvinotungamirirwa nezvido zveUS uye mamwe mashoma ekuMadokero
nyika dzinogadzira kukuvadza kunoshamisa. Panofanira kuva nehurukuro dzakawanda
masangano aya anomiririra zvido zvaani. Vanomiririra here
zvido zvevanhu vekuAmerica? Handifungi.
Chii chinonzi P muP. Sainath?
Inomirira Palagummi. Vanhu vanozviwana zvakaoma kutaura.
Palagummi izita remusha usipo muAndhra Pradesh.
MuIndia, muchikamu changu chenyika tinonyora mhuri yedu kana musha
zita rekutanga uye zita redu pachedu wechipiri. Saka Sainath ndizvo chaizvo zvauri
dana zita rangu rechiKristu. Palagummi ndiro zita rangu. Sekuru vangu vakashandisa
kundiudza kuti Palagummi waiva musha munharaunda yeGodavari, iyo
kwaigara kuchipisa kumukira humwe humambo mushure mehumwe,
kunyanya Umambo hweBritain. MaBrits akambodambura nhamba
yemisha kusvika kumawere munzvimbo iyoyo. Pfungwa yakaipa. Zvakatiparadzira
munyika yose kuti vakurudzire kumukirana nokumukirana.
David
Barsamian, muvambi uye director weAlternative Radio, ndiye munyori
of
Kuderera & Kudonha kwePublic Broadcasting
pamwe chete nenhamba yemabhuku, akadai se
Propaganda &
Pfungwa Yeruzhinji naNoam Chomsky
,
Kutarisana
Humambo naEqbal Ahmad,
uye
Tsika &
Kupokana naEdward Said
.